Izithelo zokusajingijolo ezihlukahlukene utamatisi "Tretyakovsky f1" kusukela umkhiqizi imbewu "Ural ihlala ehlobo" ukuncintisana ngokwanele phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo eziye zavela.
Kulezi zibuyekezo, abalimi bemifino baqaphela ukunambitheka okumnandi nokubukeka kwamatamatisi, kanye nomkhiqizo wabo ophezulu.
Ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe izici zencazelo nokulimala kwalezi zinhlobo ze-nightshade.
Uyazi? Ngokuba utamatisi omude wayebhekwa njengobuthi emhlabeni wonke. Ukuqeda lesi sigwebo, ngo-1820, uColonel Colonel Robert Gibbon, owadla ibhakede lama-utamatisi obomvu phambi kwesixuku sezinkulungwane ezimbili, ngqo ezinyathelweni zenkantolo yaseSalem eNew Jersey. Phakathi nalokhu kusebenza, odokotela babesemsebenzini eduze kwezempi, futhi abanye besifazane balahlekelwa.
Utamatisi "Tretyakovsky": varietal izici
Utamatisi ophakathi nendawo we-Tretyakovsky ahlukahlukene emakethe yembewu njengesixuku esikhulu esibhalwe nge-F1, esibonisa ukuthi kukhona khona izici eziqinile zomama zesitshalo. Sizohlala kulokhu okuyinhloko ngokuningiliziwe, kodwa okokuqala sizobe sibheke emlandweni.
Umlando we-Inference
"I-Tretyakov" utamatisi yabizwa abakhiqizi baseRussia ngo-1999 yi-pollination yokufakelwa kwezimbali zesitshalo esisodwa se-varietal. Ngemva konyaka, i-hybrid yabhaliswa kwiRejista Yombuso njengezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi okulimalwa ensimini kanye nokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo. 
Incazelo yehlathi
Ngaphandle, i-hybrid iyi-shrub ephezulu ye-compact enokukhula okungenamkhawulo wamahlumela. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwe-biomass ejulile, kudinga ukungenelela ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa ukusekela.
Iningi ngokuvamile, ochwepheshe batusa ukwakha umqhele 2-3 sifanamsindvo. Amahlumela anamandla, amaqabunga amahle. Ama-inflorescences akhiwa ngezikhathi ezintathu zamapuleti amaqabunga. Izinqubo ze-Lateral, ezitholakala eduze kwama-racemes, qhubeka no-main axis yentuthuko ye-stem. I-ovary yenziwa ngamaqoqo ahlanganisa izithelo ezingu-7-9.
I-shrub iyashintsha kahle emthunzini futhi ibhekwa ngamaphesenti aphezulu okwakhiwa kwe-ovary, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu siyini. Ngokuphathelene nokuvuthwa kwe-hybrid okubangelwa izinhlobo ze-srednerannymi.
Kubalulekile! Izitshalo eziqhamuka phambili zamatamatisi yizinambuzane, izimpande nemifino, kodwa akufanele neze utshale umbhede wezotamatisi endaweni yamazambane, ngoba izitshalo zombili zizwela kakhulu ukulimala kwelanga.
Incazelo yezithelo
Utamatisi "Tretyakov" uvuthwe zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-100-110 emva kokuhlwanyela imbewu futhi ngokusho kwencazelo ichazwe ngezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zokunambitheka nezokuthengisa.
Izibonakaliso eziyinhloko zalesi sithelo ziwuhlaka oluthile, oluthile oluncane, umbala ophuzi olubomvu, inyama enomzimba enamanzi, enomzimba, omncane kodwa ongenwekile. Utamatisi otholile wesayizi obuphakathi nesisindo esingaba ngu-100-130 g ngamunye. Kukhona izinga eliphezulu lokugcina kanye nokuthuthwa kwemifino. Ngisho ngaphansi kwezimo zesimo sezulu ezibi, aziqedi.
Ukuthela
Mhlawumbe inqwaba ye-fruiting iyisizathu esiyinhloko sokwamukelwa kwalesi hybrid. Utamatisi "I-Tretyakovsky" ibonakala ngokukhiqizwa kwerekhodi, okuyinto, nekhono lobuchwepheshe le-agrotechnical elifinyelela ku-5-6 kg wezithelo ezivela ehlathini ngalinye. Okusho ukuthi, ukuhlinzeka umndeni ngamatamatisi okuqala futhi uqhubekele ukulondoloza ebusika, izitshalo ezingu-5-8 zanele.
Uyazi? Ama-botanists abiza ama-tomate amajikijolo, futhi iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-United States of America ngo-1983 yanquma ukucabangela lezi zithelo njengezimila. Isisusa saleso sinqumo sancishiswa emisebenzini yamasiko, okungafani nezithelo, ezifakwe kwimifino engenisiwe.
Ukuphikiswa kwezilokazane nezifo
Utamatisi okhulayo "Tretyakovsky f1" kakhulu kusiza igciwane lomama ogonywe ukuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nezilokazane. Lesi sitshalo siqhathanisa nezinye izinhlobo ngokuzivikela kuma-causative agents of fusarium, i-cladosporia ne-mosaic ye-fake. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhambisana ne-humidification evamile kanye nomanyolo, isiko sizobonga ngokuchuma kwayo. 
Bahlasela ukuhlaselwa kwama-Colorado bezilwane ngokumelene utamatisi, okungakaze bakwazi ukubhekana nawo. Ukulondoloza isitshalo kulezi zinambuzane eziyingozi kunconywa ngamalungiselelo okuthi "Prestige", "Maxim" nokubhujiswa kwemishini. Kusuka ku-whitefish, ama-moths nezithelo ze-sawflies esebenzayo i-Lepedotsid, i-Bi-58 entsha, i-Aktara.
Ukusetshenziswa
Isikhumba esikhulayo sivumela utamatisi walezi zihlukahlukene isikhathi eside ukuphikelela ukusetshenziswa ngendlela eluhlaza. Benza ama-saladi ahle kakhulu, kepha abanikazi bezindlu baqaphela ukufaneleka kwesithelo nokuphathwa kokshisa. Kunconywa ukulungiselela ama-sauces ahlukene, i-pasta, ukugqoka, ijusi nokudla konke okwenziwe ekheniwe. Ebhange elithi "Tretyakov" utamatisi ubukeka ubukeka kahle kakhulu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - alinqamuki futhi kumnandi ukunambitha.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze imibhede yezotamatisi, umanyolo ovela ku-pus ulimaza kakhulu kunokuhle. Lokhu kungenxa yamabhaktheriya we-pathogenic nezinambuzane ezihlala kuwo, okuvame ukuba yizimbangi zezinambuzane ze-pathogenic. Kungcono ukuletha umquba ovuthwe.
Izinhlobo ze-Pros and cons
On hybrid "Tretyakov f1" ungazwa kokubili izimpendulo ezinhle futhi ezimbi.
Phakathi kwezici ezinhle zebalimi bezitshalo bathi:
- isivuno esikhulu;
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala kotamatisi;
- ukumelana nama-bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens;
- izici zekhwalithi eziphezulu zezithelo, ukusebenzisana kwazo okusetshenziselwa ukusebenzisana;
- fruiting kungakhathaliseki izimo zezulu, okuqhubeka kuze kube ngu-Okthoba.
Ngenxa yokungapheleli kwezinhlobonhlobo kubonisa izitatimende zabalimi bemifino mayelana nobude obukhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqina. Uma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi benganamathele emaphethini, ungahlala ngaphandle kwamatamatisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinqamuzana zamamitha amabili zivame ukubeka isithunzi phezu kwamasiko angomakhelwane, okudala izinkinga ezindaweni ezincane. Izinkinga zihlanganisa ukutholakala kwamafake amaningi, okuhlanganisa ukucinga kwezinhlamvu eziphezulu, nezidingo ezikhethekile ezihlukahlukene zokugcoba, ukupha.
Agrotechnics kanye nezici zokukhula nokunakekelwa
Utamatisi "Tretyakovsky f1" Kunconywa ukutshala enhlabathini evulekile nasezikhungweni zokugcina izithombo. Uma kutshalwa ngaphansi kwemibandela yokwahlukana kokugcina, ukubuyiselwa okuphezulu kwe-hybrid kubonakala. Imbewu ehluma ivela ensikeni.
I-pre-imbewu kufanele ifakwe kwisisombululo sokukhula okugqugquzela okungenani isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukwelapha okusanhlamvu nganoma iyiphi i-fungicide kuyadingeka. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bacebisa umuthi wezinto eziphilayo "Ecosil", ohlanganisa ngokuphumelelayo kokubili imisebenzi.
Kubalulekile! Izithelo cishe azibophekile, uma izitshalo zamatamatisi ziqukethe i-nitrogen engenawo. Lokhu kuvame ukukwenzeka uma kuntuleka kwe-phosphorus.Izitshalo zezithombo zingcono kakhulu ezigxilwe kumaphilisi amancane e-peat. Zifakwe ezindebe zepulasitiki, zanisela, bese zijula imbewu bese zimboza umthamo wesibili ofanayo. Le ndlela inqabela umlimi wezinkinga ezengeziwe ngokukhetha izitshalo futhi akalimazi uhlelo lwempande lapho etshalwe endaweni engapheli.
Uma ukutshalwa kwenzeka ngokusetshenziswa kwengxube yemhlaba yezinhlamvu ezivundile zomhlaba, i-peat kanye ne-compost, kufanele igosiwe kuhhavini nakanjani.
Utamatisi "Tretyakovsky" adinga ukulima okufanele, ngokuphathelene nokunisela kanye nomanyolo. Ochwepheshe bacebisa ngokuqinile ukuba bangabi ngaphezu kwamanzi. AmaHybri ezinyathelo zokuqala zamanzi okuthuthukiswa ayadingeka okungenani kanye ngesonto. Uma amaqabunga amahlanu noma ngaphezulu evela ngeziqu, ukuchelela kufanele kwandiswe izikhathi ezimbili. Ungakhohlwa ngokushisa kwamanzi okunisela. Akufanele kube mnyama kunama-20-22 ° С futhi kufanele uhleleke kahle. Umswakama okweqile emhlabathini uzothinta ikhwalithi yetamatisi - iyoba mnandi futhi ithambile kakhulu.
Ngenkathi ekhulayo egcwele, utamatisi kudingeka aqinisekise ukunikezwa kwe-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Izitshalo ezincane zisabela kabi kakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwalezi zingxenye, ngakho ngokushesha lapho utshala kufanelekile ukwengeza umanyolo kusuka ku-superphosphate. Uma uyinqoba ngezinto ezine-nitrojene, isihlahla sizoqala ukugcoba, futhi esikhathini esizayo sizobuthelela i-nitrate ngo-utamatisi.
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zici zenkambiso, bukela ukuthuthukiswa kwayo, ngokunyuka okunamandla kwe-biomass, kufanele umise ukunyusa amanzi futhi uphulukise izimpande zamanyolo we-phosphorus. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, umlotha ubalulekile ukuze kutholakale i-fruiting, ukuvimbela izifo kanye nezinambuzane ezilimazayo.
Uyazi? Utamatisi angaba yizigidi ezingama-65 akhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka, okuyi-75% ngaphezulu kokukhiqizwa kwebhanana.Ezingxenyeni zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa utamatisi, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekukhanyeni iziqu. Izithombo zidinga ukubhuka amahora angu-16 nsuku zonke. Lapho amahlumela eqina futhi afinyelela ukuphakama kwamamentimitha angu-30, angafakwa endaweni evulekile. Hlela lo msebenzi kufanele ube kusihlwa noma esimweni sezulu esibhakabhakeni. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhambisa kahle umhlabathi.
Cabangela izici ze-substrates. Ukudla ngeke kuhambisane namatamatisi. Ngakho-ke, kulokhu, kungcono ukuzinqanda nge-lime. Uma umbhede ohleliwe uba mnandi futhi u-loamy, qiniseka ukuthi ungeze indaba ephilayo kanye namanzi (isanti, i-peat, i-sawdust). Yiqiniso, kuyoba ngcono ngesitshalo uma wenza lezi zinto ekwindla uma uhlahlela isakhiwo.
Izimbali zihlaba ama-agronomists ukweluleka ukuthungela impova emihle.
