I-Kolumneya isitshalo esithe xaxa esinezimpaphe ze-pubescent nezimbali eziqhakazile. Ngokwakheka kwehlumela, ikholomu livame ukubizwa ngokuthi "igolide". Lesi sitshalo sidabuka eLatin America, lapho sakha khona izihlahla ezinhle emahlathini acijile ashisayo. IColumnia ingeyomndeni wakwaGesneriaceae futhi ingaqhosha ngomlingisi ongathobeki.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Kolumneya ingamakhambi angapheli nanohlelo lwezimpande lwe-fibrous. Emvelweni wemvelo, amakholomu angama-epiphytes noma ama-semi-epiphytes futhi atholakala emgodini wamagxolo esihlahla. Amahlumela amancane aqondiswa phezulu, kepha njengoba ayanda ngosayizi, aqala ukudonsa. Imivini ebotshwe ngotshani ingafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-71. Zimbozwe kakhulu ngamaqabunga amancanyana wetiyidi. Iqabunga elakhiwe njengenhliziyo noma nge-ovoid linendawo egqamile, imiphetho ebushelelezi nethiphu eliqondisiwe. Amagatsha kanye ne-petioles zivame ukuba ne-whesish whitish pubescence. Ubude bamaqabunga yi-2-10 cm.
Izimbali zenzeka ebusika nasekuqalekeni kwentwasahlobo, lapho ihlobo liza endaweni eseningizimu. Izimbali ezingama-single tubular zakha emacunwini amaqabunga engxenyeni ephakathi yehlumela. Ama-petals abo apendwe ngombala wepinki, i-terracotta, orenji noma ophuzi. Izimbali ezi-lipped ezimbili zifana nezimbali ze-orchid. Ubude bawo bungafinyelela ku-4-6 cm.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zekolumnaea
Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-190 ezirekhodwe ku-columnaeus. Iningi lazo lihlala kuphela emvelweni yemvelo. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zilungele ukutshalwa kwasendlini:
I-Columnia Carnival. Lesi sitshalo simbozwe amaqabunga amancane acwebezelayo anemibala eluhlaza okotshani. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, imivini imbozwe kakhulu ngezimbali eziphuzi ezikhanyayo ezinomngcele obomvu kumaphayini.
UKolumney Allen. Lesi sitshalo se-herbaceous sikhula masishane sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-7. Amahlamvu amnyama aluhlaza e-lanceolate ahlelwe ngababili emagatsheni. Izimbali zibomvu ngokugqamile.
Kolumneya Krakatau. Amahlumela alezi zinhlobo ezinkudlwana aphakanyisiwe kusuka ezisekelweni. Zimbozwe kakhulu ngamaqabunga amancanyana amancanyana anemibala eluhlaza okotshani. Izimbali ezinobukhulu obuphakathi zidwetshiwe ngamathoni abomvu-owolintshi.
I-Kolumneya igazi libomvu. Ukubonakala kobungcweti bunemivini egobekile namaqabunga amakhulu. Kukhona amabala abomvu ngemuva kwamaqabunga. Izimbali ze-Scarlet ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence amancane futhi zitholakala kuma-axils amaqabunga.
Columnae Banks. Amahlumela afinyelela ku-1 m ubude ambozwe ngamaqabunga amancane acwebezelayo ngombala oluhlaza olukhanyayo. Phakathi kwazo, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izimbali ezinhle eziphuzi-orenji ziyaqhakaza ziye kufika ku-6 cm.
IColumnia iyakhazimula. Amahlumela embozwe ngamahlamvu enamanzi, amaqabunga e-pubescent anombala oluhlaza okotshani. Ngaphezulu kwazo kunezimbali ezinkulu ezibomvu zewolintshi.
I-Kolumney Shida. Isitshalo siqukethe imivini enamanzi, eguquguqukayo ene-pubescence ebomvu kancane. I-red villi ibuye ibuyele emuva kwamaqabunga aluhlaza obumnyama. Ubude bamahlumela esikweni bungu-1.5 m, kanti amaqabunga angamasentimitha ayi-10. Izimbali zakhiwa kanye nalo lonke ubude bomvini futhi zipendwe ophuzi.
Ukuzala
Indlela elula kunazo zonke yokwandisa amakholomu ekhaya ukusungula izimpande. NgoFebhuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi, anqunywa eziqongweni zezihlumela. Ubude besibambo kufanele okungenani bube yi-5-6 cm, kuyadingeka ukushiya amaqabunga angama-4-6 kuwo. I-Rooting yenziwa ngengxube enomswakama yenhlabathi yengadi kanye ne-peat.
Izithombo zigcinwa endaweni ekhanyayo ekushiseni kwe + 22 ... + 24 ° C. Badinga ukuthambisa okwansuku zonke. Lapho izimpande ezincane zakha namaqabunga amasha akhula, ukusika kungadluliselwa kumabhodwe amancane endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu kweKolumna kuwumsebenzi obuhlungu kakhulu awuhlali uphela ngempumelelo. Abatshali bezimbali abanolwazi kuphela abanganquma ngesinyathelo esinjalo. Imbewu kufanele imiliselwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa ingxube ye-sand-peat. Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, zibekwa phezu kwenhlabathi futhi zichotshozwe kancane. Isitsha simbozwe ngefilimu futhi sigcinwa emazingeni okushisa njalo + 24 ... + 26 ° C. Faka umoya bese uthambisa inhlabathi nsuku zonke. Amahlumela avela kungakapheli amasonto ayi-1-3. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi udlulise izithombo endaweni ekhanyayo, kepha ukuze umthunzi usuka elangeni eliqondile. Ungasebenzisa isibani se-fluorescent. Izitshalo ezikhulayo ezinamaqabunga ama-4 ziyatshalwa ngaphandle kokudonsela endaweni unomphela.
Imithetho yokufakelwa
I-Columnae ine-rhizome encane futhi ebucayi. Ngemuva kokuthenga, kunconywa ukuyifaka endaweni. Ngokuzayo, ukufakelwa okwenziwa njalo akudingeki. Kwanele ukukwenza lokhu njengoba izimpande zikhula. Imbiza ikhethiwe phakathi nendawo futhi ingajulile. Phansi kufanele kube nokuvuleka kokudonsa amanzi. Okokuqala, kubekwa ungqimba obukhulu bezinto zokudonsa, bese kuthelwa inhlanganisela yenhlabathi. Ungathenga umhlaba owenziwe ngomumo ngama-epiphytes noma uzenzele owangaphansi. Uyomdinga:
- umhlaba we-turf (izingxenye ezi-4);
- umhlaba wamashidi (izingxenye 4);
- i-peat (izingxenye ezi-2);
- ingxube yesihlabathi, i-moss-sphagnum, namalahle (ingxenye eyi-1).
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngendlela yokudluliswa komthambo odakeni ukuze kungalimali izimpande ezondile.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Columnia
Ukunakekela ikholomu ekhaya kudinga ukukhetha ngokucophelela indawo yesitshalo. I-Liana idinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo okukhanyayo futhi izwa kahle eduze kwama-windowsill asempumalanga noma asentshonalanga. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka. Kuyinto engathandeki ukuthatha ikholomu emoyeni ohlanzekile, futhi futhi ayithandi ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile futhi isaba ukuhlelwa okungapheli.
Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lomoya elifanele lesitshalo ngu- + 22 ... + 27 ° C. Ingakhula ngokujwayelekile endaweni eshisayo, kepha kuphela ngomswakama ophezulu. Ebusika, ukupholisa kunconywa kuze kufike ku + 16 ... + 18 ° C. Bafaka isandla ekwakhekeni kwezimbali eziqhakazayo.
Umhlali wezindawo ezishisayo ufunwa umswakama womoya. Izinga elifunekayo ngu-80-90%. Ukuyifinyelela, noma yiziphi izindlela ziyafaneleka:
- ukufafaza njalo;
- umswakama;
- amaphallet anezibhebhe ezimanzi noma ngobumba olwandisiwe;
- ama-aquariums kanye nemithombo.
Kuyadingeka ukunisela ikholamu ngezingxenye ezincane zamanzi athambile. Ingxenye engenhla ye-substrate kuphela okufanele ome ngaphandle, kepha ukuzulazeka okungamanzi akufanele kuvunyelwe. Amanzi nge-lime awemukeleki, angacekela phansi isitshalo.
Ngenkathi yezitshalo ezisebenzayo (Ephreli-Okthoba), iColumnae idinga umanyolo wamaminerali. Ungasebenzisa izithako zezitshalo zezimbali zasendlini, ezithengiswa ezitolo zezimbali. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufakwa emanzini amaningi bese kwethulwa emhlabathini, kugweme ukuxhumana namaqabunga.
Iminyaka eminingana, i-liana ingelula futhi ilahlekelwe ukukhanga. Ukuze kwandiswe ubusha bayo, izihlahla kwenziwa emva kokuqhakaza ngakunye. 30-50% wobude bomvini kufanele ususwe. Udinga futhi ukusika izimbali ezomile, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela. Kodwa-ke, kuleli cala, ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5-7, kunconywa ukuphindaphinda ikholamu.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ngokunisela ngokweqile kumasiphu nezimpande, ukubola okungwevu kungatholakala. Kubeka ingozi enkulu esithelweni. Uma indawo yokutheleleka incane, udinga ukunquma amahlumela agulayo, uwafake nge-colum bese uphatha nge-fung fung. Ezimweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ukusikwa okunempilo kuyanqunywa, futhi isitshalo uqobo siyabhujiswa.
Kwesinye isikhathi ngamaqabunga egayiwe ungathola ama-aphid, ama-thrips, ama-scUT kanye nezindawo zesicabucabu. Ukufafaza ngesisombululo sezinambuzane kusiza ukuqeda izinambuzane.
