Lapho uhlela ukwakhiwa kocingo esizeni, umnikazi ngamunye ufuna ukuthola uthango oluthembekile, oluqinile futhi ngasikhathi sinye aboshwe ngendlela eyingqayizivele oluzovikela izimpahla zakhe emehlweni okhangayo nezivakashi "ezingamenyiwe". Ukubiyela ezintanjeni zesikulufa kuyikhambi elilungile lokwakhiwa kocingo oluqinile, ukwakhiwa kwalo akudingi utshalomali olukhulu lwezezimali. Izikulufa zescrew, esezisabalele emashumini eminyaka amuva ekwakhiweni kwamadolobha, zenza kube nokwenzeka ukwakha ukwesekwa okuthembekile ngisho nasezimeni zenhlabathi "engazinzile".
Ngabe yini inzuzo yokwakhiwa kwenqwaba?
Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni ngenxa yezinzuzo eziningi ezingenakuphikwa:
- Amandla okufakwa ezimeni "zenhlabathi enzima". Ucingo lokubiyelwa ezinhlakeni zesikulufa lungakhiwa hhayi kuphela ezinhlanzini nase-loams, kepha nakweyiphi inhlabathi enezinga eliphakeme lokuvela komhlaba. Amaphayile angafakwa ngisho nasezindaweni ezinomswakama, ezindaweni zokuphumula eziphezulu kanye nasemithambekeni ngomehluko omkhulu wokuphakama.
- Ukwakha nganoma isiphi isikhathi. Isikulufa isikulufa kulula ukusifaka kuzo zonke izimo zezulu. Shono asetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ekwakhiweni nase-permafrost.
- Kalula ukwakhiwa. Izikulufa zescrew kungamapayipi ensimbi anezeluleko ezithi welded noma cast, zona, njengezikulufo, zimane zigxunyekwe emhlabathini. Izikulufo kungenziwa screw emhlabathini ngesandla ngaphandle kokubandakanya imishini yokwakha.
- Ijubane lokufaka. Akuthathi imizuzu engama-20-30 ukuqeda inqwaba eyodwa. Ungakha okuthembekile kwesisekelo se-screw ngezinsuku ezimbalwa nje.
- Impilo yenkonzo ende. Izikulufa zescrew zingahlala njalo zingaba yiminyaka engama-50. Uma, ngaphambi kokufakwa, bangezelelwa ukwelashwa nge-anti-corrosion compound, khona-ke imikhiqizo enjalo izohlala iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu.
Izikulufa zescrew kungenye yezinketho ezingokomnotho kakhulu zokuhlela ukusekelwa okuthembekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nomucu ofanayo noma isisekelo sekholomu, izindleko zesisekelo sesikulufa zingabizi ngo-40-50%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqwaba zingasetshenziswa futhi. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kwenzeke nganoma isiphi isikhathi ukwehlisa ukwesekwa futhi ukukufake kunoma iyiphi enye indawo esizeni.
Izikulufa zesikulufa - uhlobo lwendawo yonke eyisisekelo, olungabekwa ngaphansi kocingo ezindaweni ezihlala abantu futhi ngaphansi kwezakhiwo ezisindayo ezinezindlu eziningi zezakhiwo nezindawo zezimboni
Sikhetha inketho efanelekile yezinqwaba
Umthamo othwala izinqwaba zincike kububanzi bepayipi. Ukuze ubeke uthango ezinqwabeni ngezandla zakho, kwanele ukusebenzisa amapayipi anobubanzi obuyi-54-108 mm, obukhulu obungamamitha ayi-2-8. Amapayipi anobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-54 aklanyelwe ukwakhiwa kocingo lwamapulangwe, kanye nezingcingo ezikhanyayo ezenziwe ngethala leplastiki noma lensimbi.
Amaphayile d = 89 mm ayakwazi ukumelana nomthwalo owenziwe uthango wensimbi noma uthango olusuka ebhodini elinezidakamizwa. Izici zomthwalo wamaphayile d = 108 mm ziphakeme impela: azikwazi ukubekezelela uthango ongasindi nje kuphela, kepha futhi nezindawo zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo, iziza, amagazethi nezinye izinto zokwakhiwa kwendawo.
Ukuze uthole ukuzimisela okunembe kakhudlwana kobude bomkhiqizo, kuyadingeka ukwenza isikulufu sokuqala. Ukujula kokuntywiliselwa kwepayipi lomhlabathi kuncike ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi: ingafakwa ijule ngemitha eyi-1 noma amamitha ayi-5. Ngokwesilinganiso, izinqwaba ziqhekeke zajula ngamamitha ayi-1.5.
Kuyinto elula ukusebenzisa izinqwaba zesikulufa ngoba aziphuli umdwebo wesimo sendawo, ngoba izingqimba zenhlabathi zidlula “ngokubonakalayo”
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayisho kulesi sigaba ukuthi uma uthengiswa ungathola izinqwaba ezikhethekile zocingo esivele sinezimbobo zokufaka izikhala kocingo.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokufaka uthango “lwesikulu”
Ngaphambi kokubeka uthango ezinqwabeni, kufanele kwenziwe i-screwing, ngenxa yokuthi unganquma umkhawulo wokujula kwesakhiwo nekhwalithi yenhlabathi uqobo. Imithetho yokubeka isisekelo ngezansi kwezinga lokuqandeka kwenhlabathi kumele ilandelwe, ifaka uthango ezinhlabathini ezinomswakama.
Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze, ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwenhlabathi kwesikhathi sonyaka nangaphansi kwethonya lamandla okuqandaqhwa, ukusekelwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza akusunduzelwa phezulu, kepha kugxiliwe ngokuqinile ezingqimbeni zenhlabathi.
Izikulufa zescrew, njengezinye izakhiwo ezisekelanayo kocingo, zifakwa ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-2,5,3. Njengoba usuthathe isinqumo sendawo eyakhiwe kocingo futhi ubala inani elidingekayo lezigxobo zokusekela, ungaqhubeka nokuqhekeka kwezikhonkwane ezibonakalayo, esizeni lapho izinqolobane zizokwakhiwa khona ngokuzayo.
Amaphayile angaqhekeka zombili ngesandla nangokusebenzisa imishini emincane. Kulula kakhulu ukusula izinqwaba ungewedwa, kodwa ngabasizi ababili.
Ukwenza lula inqubo yokufaka kuzosiza ukusetshenziswa kwe-lever, engenziwa ngenduku yensimbi
Ukwakha i-lever emaphethelweni aphezulu enqwaba, lapho kufakwa khona izimbobo zobuchwepheshe, kufakwa into ethile yokuqinisa d = 3 cm. Izicucu zepayipi lesikwele zifakwa ezinhlangothini zombili zokuqiniswa, okuzothi ngemuva kwalokho zisebenze njenge-lever. Ubude obulungile be- "imikhono" ye-lever bungamamitha amathathu.
Ukwenza lula umsebenzi wokwakha isisekelo se-screw ngesandla, ungasebenzisa ikhola ekhethekile enezandla ezimbili ngesiqeshana esibukeka njengesigelekeqe sepayipi. Kusetshenziswa leli thuluzi kuzoba lula futhi ukulawula i-verticality yokuskena ipayipi.
Amaphayile kufanele aqhekeke enhlabathini ngecala elifanele, alondoloze ukuqina kwawo nendawo akuhlelwayo
Uma ufuna ukonga isikhathi futhi ungazi nandaba nezindlela ezibonakalayo zalokhu - zizwe ukhululekile ukuqasha ochwepheshe. Imishini ekhethekile izosiza ngamanani amakhulu nezinhlaka zesikhathi esilinganiselwe.
Kukhona nemishini ekhethekile yokufaka izinhlaka lapho ungalawula ngokuthe nkqo kwesakhiwo esihlobene ne-eksisi yayo. Ukucwiliswa okumile kuyadingeka ukuze kuthi lapho isigaxa siqhubeka sijula, kufakwa phakathi nendawo ibala, futhi isakhiwo sokwakha sithola amandla nokuqina.
Ngemuva kokufaka izinqwaba, udinga ukunciphisela ezingeni olifunayo. Kulula ukulawula ukuphakama nokugqama kwengxenye zezindiza zezinqola usebenzisa izinga noma i-hydraulic level
Uma wenza uthango olusindayo, kungcono ukusayina indawo lapho izinqwaba ziphuma emhlabathini ngesisombululo esikhethekile se-M-150. Ukubekwa uphawu kuzovikela ingaphakathi lesakhiwo kusuka kumswakama futhi kukhulise amandla alo okuzala. Futhi ukwelashwa okuphezulu kwengxenye engenhla yangaphandle yenqwaba enezakhi ezimbili ezakhiwe nokwakhiwa kwe-corrosion kuzokwandisa impilo yomkhiqizo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, noma ngabe yini uthango olwenzayo.
Kwesinye isikhathi inketho "isontekile inqwaba - ifaka insika kuyo." Le ndlela futhi inelungelo lokuphila, izibonakalise kahle kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokuthi zonke izinhlaka zixilongiwe, iziqalo zomgwaqo lapho kufakwa khona izinto zokubopha zifakwa ezithunyelweni kusetshenziswa izikulufa zokuzithinta noma amadombolo wensimbi. Lapho uhlela uthango kusuka kusixhumi se-chain-link, unganamathisela igridi usebenzisa ucingo olujwayelekile oluthambile noma izingcingo zensimbi. Ukuvimbela igridi ukuthi ingahlukeki, kufanele kudwetshwe ngocingo noma ngenduku komunye wemigqa ephezulu yamaseli.
Yilokho kuphela. Uthango ezisekelweni zesikulufa luzosebenza njengokuvikelwa okuthembekile kwesiza, lungabi namandla aphansi kwezinye izinhlobo zocingo.
