I-Echinocactus luhlobo lwezitshalo ezikhula ngonyaka ngesiqu. Ungowomndeni wakwaCactus futhi usatshalaliswa ogwadule lwaseMexico kanye nasezifundeni eziseningizimu nentshonalanga ye-United States. Ungahumusha igama lesitshalo ngokuthi "hedgehog cactus." Lokhu kungenxa yesimo sayo esifana ne-hedgehog egobile. Lokhu kukhula kancane kancane okunameva amahle kungatholakala namuhla emakhaya amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Emvelweni wemvelo, ifinyelela ngokulingana okuhle kakhulu, kepha ngaphakathi ihlala ihlangene isikhathi eside futhi ijabulisa ngemijikelezo enemibala.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Echinocactus isiquphe sonyaka. Ngaphansi komhlaba kunezimpande ezinde ezigqokayo zombala omhlophe. Kancane kancane balume lonke inhlama yobumba. Ngalesi sizathu, imbiza idinga isitshalo esinamanzi nesijulile. Izitshalo ezincane zifana namabhola amancane agcotshwe embozwe ngenaliti ende, eqinile. Ububanzi bomuntu omdala ongaphakathi kwe-echinocactus akuvamile ukuba ngaphezu kwama-40 cm. Isiqu sinendawo emnyama ecwebezelayo. Njengoba ikhula, ukwakheka kwesitshalo kushintsha kancane, kuyelula kancane.
Kunezimbambo ezingama-25-45 ezibheke phezulu kulo lonke ubude besiqu. Izimbambo zikhonjisiwe futhi zibonakala ngokucacile ebusweni. Zimbozwe kakhulu ama-areoles anamaqhuqhuva ameva. Ku-areola ngayinye, kunezigxobo eziqondile eziphakathi nendawo ezi-4 nezibanzi ezinemisebe engaba yishumi nambili ezigobile. Ubude bemisebe ye-radial bungafinyelela ku-3 cm, kanti abaphakathi bakhula babe ngamasentimitha ayi 5. Bonke abasebancane bane-pubescence emhlophe noma ephuzi, esula kancane kancane. Ingaphezulu lesitshalo limbozwe ngesihloko esikhulu esithambile senqwaba ende.
I-Echinocactus iqhakaza ngonyaka wamashumi amabili wokuphila. Izimbali zenzeka ngoMeyi-Juni. Phezulu, kuvela ihlumela elide, okuvela kulo imbali ephuzi embozwe njengama-blooms acwebile, acwebezelayo. I-corolla inobude obungu-7 cm nobubanzi obuyi-5 cm. Imiphetho yamaphalishi ipendiwe ngamathoni amnyama acishe abe nsundu.
Izinhlobo ze-Echinocactus
Kuhlobo lwe-echinocactus, kunezinhlobo ezi-6. Okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi kuyinto echinocactus gruzoni. Le cactus eyindilinga ifinyelela ububanzi obungamasentimitha angama-40. Izimbambo zayo zambozwa ngemijikelezo emincane egobekile. Izinaliti, nezimbali zakamuva, zipendiwe ngombala ophuzi okhanyayo. Ama-cacti amancane anokwakheka okucaba kancane, kanti nezinhlobo zakudala ziyaphakama futhi zifana kakhulu nomgqomo. Ekhaya, le nhlobo ibizwa ngokuthi "umgqomo wegolide". Abalimi abaningi bezimbali bafuna i-echinocactus Gruzoni ebomvu, kepha izitshalo ezinjalo azitholakali emvelweni. Imvamisa, abathengisi abangathembekile babeka amabala aphuzi ajwayelekile ngodayi obomvu. Akunangozi, kepha izinaliti ezincane zizokhulisa umbala ojwayelekile ophuzi.
I-Echinocactus ifuhliwe. Isitshalo esidala siyakwazi ukufika kumamitha ayi-2 ukuphakama nama-1.5 m ububanzi. Phezu kwesiqu kutholakala izimbambo eziphakeme ezingama-25. Ezindaweni ezisondelene ne-areoles kukhona iminsundu egrey enemivimbo eshintshashintshayo. Ubude bawo bungamasentimitha angama-3.5-4,5. Ama-blooms ahlukahlukene ahlala njalo ezimweni zamakamelo anezimbali eziqhakazayo eziphuzi ze-tubular.
I-Echinocactus Parry. Isiqu esiyindilinga esingafika ku-30 cm ukuphakama simbozwe ngesikhumba esimpunga. Kokusizakala, izimbambo ze-wavy areoles ezinde (kufika ku-10 cm), imijikelezo egobile. Izitshalo ezincane zimbozwe ngezinaliti ezinotshintshi onsundu, kepha uma ziqala ukukhula ziya ngokuya zimhlophe.
Kusatshalaliswa kanjani i-cactus?
I-Echinocactus ikhiqizwe yizingane nembewu. Ngeshwa, izingane ziyaqabukela. Inqubo kufanele ihlukaniswe izinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala. Umile izinsuku ezingama-2-3 emoyeni, bese ugxila esihlabathini esimanzi noma ingxube yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat. Akubalulekile ukumba isithombo. Kwanele ukuyicindezela emhlabathini futhi yeseke ngamazinyo. Inqubo ithatha izinyanga eziyi-1-2. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ungadlulisa i-echinocactus enezimpande endaweni engapheli.
Imbewu ibonakala ngokuhluma okuhle. Kungcono ukubahlwanyele ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Ungakwenza lokhu ngesinye isikhathi sonyaka, kepha kuzodingeka ukuthi uqhakambise futhi izithombo. Ekutshaleni, kusetshenziswa iziqukathi ezinenhlabathi eshadiwe nesihlabathi. Inhlabathi kumele ibalwe ngaphambi kokutshala. Imbewu isatshalaliswa ngaphandle, ifafazwe ngamanzi futhi imbozwe ifilimu noma ingilazi. I-greenhouse ishiywe endaweni ekhanyayo ekushiseni kwe + 26 ... + 30 ° C. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwamasonto angu-1-2. Baqhubeka nokukhula ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela inyanga eyodwa kuphela bese bejwayela ukungabi bikho kwayo kancane kancane.
Izimfihlo Zokunakekela
Njengabameli abaningi bomndeni wakwaCactus, i-echinocactus ayidingi ukunakwa njalo. Sekungamashumi eminyaka, kukhula kancane kancane ngosayizi futhi kuvame ukuzuzwa njengefa. Ukugcina ukuheha, kubalulekile ukudala izimo ezinhle zesitshalo. Ithanda ukukhanya okukhulu kanye namahora amade wemini. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile ngeke kulimaze isikhumba esiminyene. Kancane kancane, isiqu siyagoba futhi sonakala sisuka ohlangothini lomthombo wokukhanya, ngakho-ke, kuyasiza ukuguqula imbiza ngezikhathi ezithile.
I-Echinocactus idinga ukugcina izinga lokushisa. Ehlobo, kuvame ukubekezelela ukushisa okukhulu, futhi ebusika kungcono ukuyigcina ku + 10 ... + 12 ° C. Ukupholisa ngaphansi kuka- + 8 ° C kuyabulala isitshalo. Kusukela maphakathi nentwasahlobo kunconyelwa ukuthumela imbiza kuvulandi noma kuvulandi. Ukushintshashintsha kwansuku zonke ngaphakathi kwe-7-8 ° C kuzozuzisa i-echinocactus.
I-cactus ayibonisi izidingo zomswakama owandisiwe. Ngezinye izikhathi ingafafazwa ngamanzi noma igezwe kusuka othulini ngaphansi kweshawa efudumele. Kulokhu, amanzi akufanele awele ezimbali.
I-Echinocactus kufanele iniselwe kakhulu, kepha kuyaqabukela. Amanzi okunisela kufanele afudumele futhi ahlanzwe kahle. Phakathi kokunisela, i-substrate kufanele yome kahle. Ebusika, ukuchelela kuncishiswe, kuthambisa inhlabathi kungabi ngaphezu kwenyanga.
Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba, ama-echinocactus angadliwa. Sebenzisa izingoma ezikhethekile zama-unsulents, angeniswa emhlabathini ngefomu elihlanjululwe. Kwanele ukufaka ama-servings angu-1-2 womanyolo ngenyanga.
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa njalo ngeminyaka emi-2-5. Lapho sikhula isitshalo, siyasidinga kakhulu. Kudingeka imbiza ezinzile impela, ngoba isiqu esikhulu sinesisindo esiningi. Umthamo kufanele ube mkhulu ngokwedlula owedlule. Uma ngokushesha ukhetha isitsha esikhulu, izimpande zingabola ngenxa yomswakama ngokweqile.
Inhlabathi ye-echinocactus kufanele ifake lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- umhlaba wefudu;
- ishidi lomhlaba;
- isihlabathi somfula;
- pumice ochotshoziwe;
- namalahle ahlanganisiwe.
Ngaphansi kwethangi kumbozwe ungqimba olunobumba lobumba olwandisiwe noma ezinye izinto zokudonsa amanzi. Lapho ufaka, udinga ukuzama ukususa ingxenye ye-substrate yakudala kusuka ezimpandeni. Lokhu kuzosusa umhlabathi ngokweqile we-acidization.
Ngeshwa kwabanye abalimi, i-echinocactus empeleni ayakhi izingane. Kwesinye isikhathi avele ngemuva kokulimala kwesiqu. Kungenzeka ukuvusa ukubukeka kwezinqubo, kubangele ukuklwebeka ezimbalwa esiqongweni sesitshalo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kusetshenziswe ukuqaphela: i-echinocactus eyonakalisiwe ithinta kakhulu ukubola. Uma isitshalo sivele sinezingane, akudingekile ukubahlukanisa. Ijika elincanyana libukeka lihlaba umxhwele ngokwengeziwe.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
Ngohulumeni wokuphuza ongalungile, i-echinocactus ingahlushwa izifo zokukhunta. Zithinta izimpande neziqu zesitshalo. Kubalulekile ukuvikela ukunqwabelana kwenhlabathi nokumanzi egumbini, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa womoya aphansi.
Kwesinye isikhathi i-echinocactus ihlaselwa ama-mealybugs kanye nezinambuzane ezikalwa. Ama-parasites kufanele asuswe emhlabathini esebenzisa ibhulashi eliqinile. Ngemuva kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sigeziswa ngaphansi kweseshidi lokufudumele eliningi, bese siphathwa ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.
