IButterbur isitshalo esiqhakaza ukhula esiqhamuka emndenini wakwa-Astro. Kuyaziwa nangamagama athi "mhlophe", "utshwala bomama", "impande yomhlambi", "izimpande zasebukhosini", "inhlupho yotshani". Kusatshalaliswa kusuka eMpumalanga Ekude kuya enkabeni yeRussia. Izinhlobo eziningi zomhlobiso zikhula ngaphandle kweRussian Federation, ezingaphazamisi ukukhula kwezinhlobonhlobo ozithandayo kunoma iyiphi ingadi yesimo sezulu esishisayo noma engaphansi. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-butterbur singamaqabunga amakhulu wokusiza ngokuthambisa okuthambile. Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ingadi kanye namachibi amachibi. Futhi, ezinye izinhlobo zisetshenziswa emithini yendabuko. Ukunakekela i-butterbur enkundleni evulekile akunzima. Ngisho nomlimi we-novice angakhula amathayi aminyene.
Izici ze-Botanical
IButterbur iyi-herbaceous herbaceous perennial. Inezimpande ezinde, ezinemisuka ekhula ngokuqondile futhi ibekwe eduze komhlabathi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, isiqu se-butterbur sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-30-200. Amaqabunga angenasici anombala obomvu atholakala kulo lonke ubude beshishi eliminyene. Isiqu esivunguzayo sikhula ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba iqhwa lincibilike. Ingaphezulu layo lihlotshiswe nge-corymbose noma nge-panicrate inflorescence. Siqukethe izimbali eziningi ezincane ezimhlophe-eziluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi noma onsomi. Ama-corollas ama-Tubular kanye nomhlanga avuleka maphakathi nentwasahlobo. Ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sezimbali, isiqu siyaqhubeka sikhula.
Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, amaqabunga amakhulu avela emhlabathini petioles ende, ezinkulu. Ipuleti leshidi libunjiwe ngenhliziyo. Imiphetho yeqabunga ingaqina, ihlanganiswe noma ihlukaniswe. Ngasemuva, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngaphambili, kuba khona ukuzwela okukhulu okuzwakalayo. Ububanzi beqabunga obukhulu buyi-1.5 m. I-petiole enamandla ingafinyelela kububanzi obungu-5-6 cm.
Ngemuva kokuvundela esiqwini, kugoqwa imbewu enhlobonhlobo eyodwa enokhilimu omkhulu ovuthiwe. Ukuvula kabusha kuphela ngoJuni, emva kwalokho imbewu ithwalwa ngumoya noma ngamanzi.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-butterbur
Kuhlobo lwe-butterbur, izinhlobo ezingama-20 zibhalisiwe. Abaziwa kakhulu kubo:
IButterbur butterbur. I-herbaceous perennial efinyelela ku-60 cm ukuphakama inesiqu esibomvu. Ngaphezulu kwelesihlahla, kuqhuma ama-racemose inflorescence wezimpunga zezimbali ezibomvu onsomi. NgoJuni, kuvela amaqabunga amakhulu enhliziyo enombala oluhlaza ogqamile. Zimbozwe ngenqwaba ethambile futhi zikhipha iphunga elinokhahlo, hhayi elimnandi kakhulu. Ububanzi bephepha bungu-60-70 cm.
I-Hybrid butterbur. Isitshalo eside esingu-30-70 cm sinezithungo ezicijile zemibala eluhlaza-burgundy. Izimbali ezibomvu ezibomvu zihlelwe zaba ngamabhasikidi, wona, angamakhompiyutha abukeka njengama-spike. Amahlamvu anezinhlayiya ezimise okwenziwe ngengubo embozwe ngokunqwabelana ngunda ompunga. Ububanzi beqabunga lawo lifinyelela ku-70 cm. Amaqabunga atholakala kuma-petioles aminyene, aqondile kuze kufinyelele ku-1,2 m ubude.
I-butterbur ingamanga. Ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, amakholomu aminyene aphuzi ngombala akhula emhlabathini. Bathweswe umqhele obhasikidi obhasikidi ngezimbali ezimhlophe noma eziphuzi. Amahlamvu amakhulu, anhliziyo enxantathu, anamazinyo angalingani emaphethelweni nombala oluhlaza okotshani. Amaqabunga afinyelela ku-80 cm ububanzi atholakala kuma-petioles 1 m ubude. Ohlangothini oluhle futhi emithanjeni eseceleni, athambekele kakhulu.
Izindlela zokuzala
IButterbur isatshalaliswa yimbewu nezindlela zemifino. Imbewu ingahlwanyelwa ekwindla noma entwasahlobo emhlabathini ovulekile, futhi ikhule nezithombo. Kwindlela yokutshala, izilimo zikhiqizwa ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari emabhokisini anesihlabathi nomhlabathi we-peat. Imbewu iswakama kahle bese imboza ngefilimu. Ventilate futhi fafaza izitshalo nsuku zonke. Amahlumela avela kungakapheli amasonto ayi-1-3. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga ama-2 wangempela, izithombo zidonswa ezimbizeni ezihlukene. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, ungatshala izitshalo ezikhulile emhlabathini ovulekile. Izithombo zezimbali kulindeleke eminyakeni engama-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala.
I-butterbur elula elula ngokwengeziwe izigaba zezimpande. Inqubo yenziwa kangcono ngoSepthemba. Ukwehlukaniswa kwentwasahlobo akuhlali kuphumelela njalo. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukuhlukanisa uzungu ngobude obungamasentimitha angama-5-7.Utshalwe ngokushesha endaweni entsha futhi uniselwe kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuwa kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, i-rhizome ikhula futhi yakha amahlumela, futhi entwasahlobo kuqhume amahlumela okuqala.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
IButterbur kulula ukuyinakekela, kepha idinga ukukhetha ngokucophelela indawo yokuhlala. Ukhetha ukusondela kwechibi nenhlabathi enomswakama. Kungcono ukuthola isiza ngomthunzi oyingxenye, kepha kungenzeka ngokufaka ngokuphelele umithunzi. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile ngezikhathi ezithile emaqabungeni kuvunyelwe, kepha hhayi emahoreni ntambama.
I-rhizome yesitshalo inolaka impela. Ihlanganisa kalula izindawo ezinkulu. Ukuze kungabi ngokulandelayo ukulwela insimu, lapho betshala emhlabathini bmba amaphaneli epulasitiki afinyelela ku-60-80 cm
Umhlabathi we-butterbur kufanele uvunde futhi ube nokuphendula okungathathi hlangothi noma okune-asidi. Isitshalo asinciphisi ebubanzini bomhlaba. Ungakhula womabili onhlabathi okhanyayo nobumba. Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, izithombo zinesizotha ngosayizi. Ukuze ukhula lungaphazamisi ukukhula kwawo, kuyanconywa ukwenza ukhula ngezikhathi ezithile.
IButterbur isitshalo esilwa neqhwa. Izwakala ibhande elingaphansi komhlaba ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela. Ingxenye yomhlabathi iyafa ekwindla. Kufanele inqunywe emhlabathini. Ngemuva kokuba izimbali ziphele, izindiza zezimbali zinconywa ukuba zisikwe ukuvikela ukuzimela okungalawulwa.
Isitshalo sikhula kahle ngomswakama ophezulu, ngakho-ke izinhlobonhlobo zasogwini zihlala zikhula njalo. IButterbur nayo kuzodingeka iniselwe kaningi, ngoba amahlamvu amakhulu aqhuma umswakama omningi. Ekushiseni okukhulu, amaqabunga angafisa, kepha kusihlwa abuyise isimo sawo sangaphambili.
Isitshalo akudingi ukondla njalo. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ungafaka umquba ngomquba noma nge-peat. Lokhu kuzokwanela ukukhula okusebenzayo nezimbali.
Izifo zezitshalo ezimhlophe ezihlanzekile azihlupheki, kepha ama-slugs namacimbi ayazithanda. Mhlawumbe bakhangwa ukuthamba okudingekile ekukhuleni kwesitshalo. Ukuze amaqabunga angambozwa ngezimbobo ezimbi, kuzofanele usebenzise izinambuzane.
Izici eziwusizo
Ososayensi bathola ama-organic acid, ama-saponins, ama-tannins, ama-flavonoid kanye namafutha abalulekile emaqabungeni nasezimpandeni ze-butterbur. Ama-Decoctions asetshenziswa njenge-expectorant ephumelelayo, i-diuretic, antispasmodic ne-anthelmintic. Basiza ukwehlisa izinzwa futhi banqobe umfutho wegazi ophakeme ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo.
Amacembe asikiwe amasha asetshenziswa ezilondeni nasekufakweni esikhunjeni. Zenza izinzwa zingasebenzi, ziyeke ukopha futhi zonakalise ukutheleleka. Amafutha ngokufakwa kwamaqabunga asetshenziswa ezindaweni eziyinkinga zesikhumba ukuqeda induna namathumba.
Ukuthatha amalungiselelo asuselwa ku-butterbur kufakwa emgqonyeni kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nababolekayo, izingane, nabantu abanomfutho wegazi ophansi. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-broths kuholela ekwehleni okubukhali koshukela wegazi.
Ukunaka! Ama-alkaloid akha izimpande nama-petioles anobuthi. Uma zisetshenziswa njalo, zibanga umdlavuza wesibindi nezinye izifo ezinkulu zezitho zangaphakathi. Ngalesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhambisana nomthamo futhi uhlanganise ukwelashwa nodokotela wakho.
Ukupheka butterbur
Izindebe ezincane zezimbali namaqabunga ezinhlobonhlobo ze-butterbur ebandayo ne-butterbur yaseJapan asetshenziswa ekuphekeni. Zibilisiwe, zithosiwe, zithosiwe futhi zidliwe zingavuthiwe. Ukunambitha, umkhiqizo ufana ne-celery noma i-rhubarb. Izitsha zeButterbur zingatholakala ezindaweni zokudlela zamaJapan. Zisetshenziselwa ukwenza i-sushi. Kwamanye amazwe, lesi sitshalo sikhula njengesilimo sokuphakelayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwengadi
Amaqabunga amahle kakhulu futhi amakhulu adonsela ukunaka okuningi. Isitshalo esinjalo esiyingqayizivele sizokhanga abanikazi nabo bonke omakhelwane. Kubalulekile kuphela ukuhlela kahle ukutshala nokulinganisa indawo ye-butterbur ukuze ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ingaxabani nezinqubo zayo.
Izikebhe eziminyene zizofihla izakhiwo zamapulazi, uthango noma ezinye izindawo ezidinga ukufinyelwa. Lesi sitshalo sikulungele ukuhlobisa indawo esogwini. Kubuye kuvimbe ukukhula kokhula, ngakho-ke isidingo sokhula isiza sizonyamalala kancane kancane.
Omakhelwane abahle kakhulu nge-butterbur yi-elecampane, i-hogweed, i-comfrey, i-rhubarb, kanye nezihlahla eziqhakazayo nezihlahla ezinkulu.
