I-Aucuba yisihlahla esihlala sihlobisa futhi siqabile esiqhamuka emndenini wakwaGarieva. Ihlala eChina, Japan kanye nasezintabeni eziphakeme zaseHimalaya. Lesi siko elihle lidonsela amaqabunga amakhulu ngokusakazeka kwamabala aphuzi osayizi abahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalo mhlobiso wemvelo, i-aucuba ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umuthi wegolide." Abahambi baletha izimbali eYurophu ngekhulu le-17. Kusukela lapho, ngaphezu kwezinhlobo eziningana, izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlobisa zivele. Zikhulile ezingadini nasezindlini, futhi akukho nzima ukunakekela amahlahla angavamile.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Aucuba isihlahla esihlala sikhula njalo noma isihlahla esincane. Ngokwesimo, ukuphakama okuphezulu kwesitshalo kungamamitha ayi-4, kepha ngaphakathi kuvame ukungabi ngaphezu kwama-cm ayi-180. Kamuva kuqhuma amahlumela kumagatsha acishe abe ngumhlabathi. Zimbozwe ngamagxolo aluhlaza obumnyama obumnyama namabala abomvu noma ansundu engxenyeni engezansi. Ukutholakala kwamaqabunga awileyo kugcinwa ku-bark.
Amacembe ama-oblong petiolate aluhlaza. Imvamisa ebusweni beshadi yepheji kukhona amabala, amabala noma imichilo yemithunzi ehlukile. Ubude beqabunga buba ngu-13 cm. Unemiphetho emincane futhi ugobe kancane eduze komthambo ophakathi nendawo.
Isikhathi sezimbali siqala i-aucuba ngoFebhuwari-Ephreli, noma kunjalo, ekhaya, izimbali azivamile. I-inflorescence ngesimo sebhulashi noma i-panicle blooms eziqongweni zamahlumela. Ama-corollas amancane apendwe ngamathoni abomvu ansundu. I-Aucuba isitshalo esidumile. Okusho ukuthi, kunabantu ngokukhethekile abanemibala yabesilisa nabesifazane. Ukuze impova futhi izithelo, kufanele ube nezitshalo okungenani ezi-2 zobulili obuhlukile.
Ngemuva kokuvota, amajikijolo abomvu (amajikijolo) avuthwa eziqongweni zamagatsha. Ngaphansi kwe-pulp enomnandi kufihla imbewu eyodwa. Awukwazi ukudla amajikijolo e-aucuba, ngoba anobuthi kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ze-Aucuba
Uhlobo lwe-Aucuba lunesizotha esikhulu, lubhalise kuphela izinhlobo eziyi-10 zezitshalo. Nazi ezinye zazo:
I-Aucuba iyiJapan. Izitshalo zivame ukutholakala emasikweni. Ziyizihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza ezineziqu ezinamabala ahlelekile. Amaqabunga Petiole ahlukile. Ipuleti le-oval sheet, elinomphetho okhonjwe futhi izinhlangothi ezibushelelezi noma ezihlanganisiwe. Ngemuva kokuvundiswa, ingaphezulu lomqhele kuhlotshiswe ngezithelo ezi-orange eziqhakazile. Izinhlobonhlobo zinezinhlobo eziningi ezinemibala yamaqabunga ehlukene. Izinhlobo:
- I-Variegata - amacembe amakhulu aluhlaza ambozwe amachashaza amhlophe amhlophe;
- I-Gold Dust - imibala yama-oval ecijile eboshwe kakhulu ngamachaphaza egolide;
- I-Dentata - ngamaqabunga e-monophonic aluhlaza okotshani kukhona amazinyo akhulunyisiwe emaphethelweni;
- IPicturata - maphakathi neqabunga le-oblong lipendiwe liphuzi, futhi imicu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engenampilo itholakala emaphethelweni.
I-Aucuba Himalayan. Amaqabunga amade futhi amancanyana aluhlaza aqhakaze enamachashazi egolide angavamile aqhakaza amahlumela. Izimbali ziqala ngoMashi. Ama-cystic inflorescence e-burgundy hue aqhakaza eziqongweni zamahlumela. Ngemuva kokuvunda, esikhundleni sazo kufakwa amajikijolo abomvu oblong ngethambo elikhulu.
Ukuzala
I-Aucuba isatshalaliswa ngembewu nokusikwa okuyi-apical, non-lignified. Ngokutshala, udinga ukusebenzisa kuphela imbewu entsha. Zigcwele izinsuku ezingama-1-2 kusisombululo se-potassium permanganate, bese ihlwanyelwa engxube ye-sand-peat ifike ku-0.5 cm. Amabhokisi ambozwe ngefilimu abekwe egumbini elinokushisa okungaba ngu- + 21 ... + 23 ° C. Izilimo zansuku zonke kufanele zithunyelwe futhi zifafazwe ngesibhamu sokufafaza. Amahlumela avela kancane futhi angabi lula phakathi kwezinyanga ezingama-1-3. Ngemuva kwale ndawo yokukhosela kungasuswa. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga ayi-3 zangempela ezitshalweni, angena emabhodweni ahlukene enenhlabathi evundile, evundile. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali akulindelekile ngaphambi konyaka wesine ngemuva kokutshala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela yokuzala ayisho ngokushesha ubulili besitshalo.
Izithombo ze-Aucuba zinezimpande kalula, ngakho-ke abatshali bezimbali bavame ukukhetha izithombo zokutshala imbewu. Sika amahlumela apical anconywe ngoMashi-Agasti. Isiqu ngasinye kufanele sibe namaqabunga angama-2-3 anempilo. I-Rooting yenziwa enhlabathini yesihlabathi se-peat noma kuphela esihlabathini. Ukushisa kwenhlabathi kufanele kube kububanzi + 22 ... + 24 ° C. Izimbumbulu zidinga ukufafazwa nsuku zonke. Ngemuva kokukhula kwezingcambu, zidluliselwa kumabhodwe amancane ahlukene enenhlabathi evundile evundile.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
Ukuze amaqabunga e-aucuba alondoloze ukuheha kwawo futhi izitshalo zanda njalo ngosayizi, kumele kuqashelwe imithetho ethile yokunakekela.
Ukutshala nokutshalwa kwezitshalo kuhlelwa intwasahlobo yokuqala. Udinga ukukhetha ibhodwe eliphakathi nendawo. Kufanele ibe likhulu kancane kunaleyo eyedlule, kepha ingabi banzi kakhulu. Amapulangwe, ubumba olwandisiwe noma izingcezwana zezitini ezibomvu zithululelwa ezansi. Inhlabathi ye-aucuba kufanele ibe yikhululekile futhi inempilo, futhi ibe ne-acidity engathathi hlangothi. Ukuqanjwa kwawo kufaka umhlabathi we-turf kanye namahlamvu, i-humus enamaqabunga, isihlabathi kanye ne-peat. Ukufakelwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqapha, njengoba izimpande ziqhuma kalula. Lokhu kungaholela ezifweni zesitshalo. Ngesikhathi senqubo, kunconywa ukuhlola ngokucophelela uhlelo lwezimpande futhi ususe izindawo ezibolile.
I-Aucuba kumele itshalwe endaweni enamabala amahle. Isitshalo sithanda ukukhanya okukhanya okugqamile. Kuyadingeka ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kwisimo sezulu esishisayo noma ntambama ehlobo kuyahambelana. Kungadala ukushiswa.
Izinga lokushisa lomoya elikhulu le-Aucuba lingu + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, ingxenye yamahlamvu ingalahleka. Ehlobo, kuyasiza ukuthatha izihlahla zikunikeze umoya omusha. Afakwa umbala kusuka elangeni eliqondile futhi avikelwe kokubhaliwe. Ebusika, kunconyelwa ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kancane, kepha ungalinciphise ngaphansi kuka + 10 ... + 14 ° C.
I-Aucuba izizwa ikhululekile ngomswakama ojwayelekile wekamelo. Kuyasiza ukufafaza ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ugeze ngaphansi kweseshini elishisayo izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngonyaka. Ebusika, lapho kugcinwa kubanda, ukugeza nokufafaza kuyachazwa.
Nisela i-aucub njalo, kepha ngezingxenye ezincane. Phakathi kokunisela, umhlaba kufanele womile cm 3-4.Isitshalo sibekezelela isomiso esincane kangcono kunokugcwala inhlabathi.
Ukusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba, i-aucub kumele bondliwe kabili ngenyanga. Kunconywa ukuthi kuguqulwe ukudla okune-organic kanye ne-mineral. Ngomanyolo sebenzisa amakhompiyutha akhethekile wokuhlobisa izitshalo ezingamahlamvu.
Ukuze izihlahla ze-aucub zibe nokubukeka okukhangayo, nciza izihloko zezithombo kusuka zisencane. Lokhu kuvusa ukwakheka kwezinqubo ze-lateral. Njalo ngonyaka, ekuqaleni kukaMashi, i-aucuba iyanqunywa bese umqhele ubunjiwe.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
Emakamelweni anezinga lokushisa eliphansi nomswakama ophakeme, i-aucub ingahlushwa izifo zokukhunta. Zingathinta izimpande ngesikhathi sokunisela ngokweqile kanye nokuqina kwamanzi emhlabathini. Uma amaqabunga e-aucuba ephenduka eba mnyama, lokhu kuwuphawu lokubola kwezimpande. Kuyadingeka ukusika zonke izindawo ezithintekile zesitshalo, wenze ukwelashwa kokubulala nokushintsha inhlabathi.
Kaningi kuma-spider spites izimbuzane, esikalini izinambuzane, thrips kanye mealybugs. Izitshalo ezithelelekile kufanele zigezwe eshawini, ziqoqe izinambuzane kanye nezinambuzane ezilashwa.
Ukuphulukisa izakhiwo
Ijusi le-Aucuba liqukethe amakhemikhali anamakhemikhali anezakhiwo ezibulala amagciwane. Amaqabunga asetshenziselwa amanxeba nokulimala esikhunjeni. Noma nje usekamelweni, i-aucuba iyasebenza. Ihlanza umoya futhi ilwe nokwanda kwamagciwane namanye amagciwane.
Kodwa-ke, i-aucuba ingaba yingozi. Lapho usebenza naso, kufanele uqaphele, ngoba zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zinoshevu kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuxhumana nesikhumba, geza izandla zakho kahle. Izitshalo zivikela ezinganeni nasezilwaneni ukuze zingadli izithelo namaqabunga. Ngisho nokulunywa okuncane kungadala ubuthi bokudla obukhulu, ukucasuka kwesisu, nokopha.
