I-Tuberose isitshalo sasemuva esidonsa esiningi sasemuva esivela emndenini we-Asparagus. Kuyaziwa ngama-inflorescence awo aminyene nezimbali ezintekenteke ze-waxy, ezikhipha iphunga elimnandi kakhulu. Iphunga ngasikhathi sinye lifana lily, gladiolus kanye daffodil. Amafutha abalulekile wesitshalo asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yamakha. Amakha anamanothi we-tuberose akhiqizwa ngemikhiqizo eyaziwa njengeGucci neDior. Igama lesayensi lalesi sitshalo yi-tuberous polyantes (Polianthes tuberosa). Indawo yemvelo ye-tuberose iseMexico. Ukusuka lapho, kwasakazekela ngekhulu le-16 kuya eNdiya, enyakatho ye-Afrika nase-Europe. Izitshalo azizibekezeleli isithwathwa sasebusika, ngakho-ke zikhula emabhodweni noma ezimbiwa minyaka yonke ebusika.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Tuberose isitshalo esingapheli. Uhlelo lwezimpande lumelelwa ngama-corms amade nobubanzi obungu-2-6 cm. Zimbozwe ngesikali esinsundu. Engxenyeni engezansi, izimpande ezinde ezimhlophe zombala omhlophe ziyakhula. Umjikelezo wokuphila kwe-bulb ngayinye uthinta iminyaka eyi-1-2. Ukhula ngamahlamvu aminyene amahlumela bese aqhakaza. Imvamisa ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izimbali zenzeka. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, isibani esidala siyafa, futhi izingane ezincane ezimbalwa zikhula eduze kwaso.
Umhlaba waseGrassy uvuselelwa njalo ngonyaka. Siqukethe isiqu namagquma aminyene. Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kwesihlahla kungamasentimitha angama-35-45. Ihlumela engxenyeni engenhla alinalutho futhi limbozwe ngamaqabunga amnyama ahlala phansi ngezansi. Amacembe aluhlaza omnyama omugqa akhula ngo-30-45 cm ubude nama-1-3 cm ububanzi.
Esikhathini sokuqhakaza (ngoJulayi-Okthoba), ukukhula okuphezulu kwesikhukhamba kukhula phezulu kwesiqu. Ngiyabonga kuye, ukuphakama kwe-tuberose kukhuphukela kumamitha ayi-1. Ama-buds avaliwe apendwe emthunzini okhanyayo opinki. Izimbali zihlala ziqinile esihlahleni ezisekelweni ezihlukaniswe ngamehlo. Baneshubhu ende futhi namahlosi amaningana emaphayini amhlophe akhomba. Ubude be-bud eyodwa bungama-60-6 cm, futhi ububanzi bawo bube-cm angama-3-5. Imnene, kepha amacembe aminyene afana nezicucu ze-wax.
Izimbali ezivulekile zikhipha iphunga elinamandla, elimnandi. EMexico nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia, ama-inflorescence asetshenziswa ukuhlobisa izingubo zikamakoti, ukuqamba isixha semikhosi ehlukahlukene nokuhlobisa izindlu. I-inflorescence eyodwa iqukethe i-10-30 efihlekile. Ukuqhakaza kwembali eyodwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-2-3. Amahlamvu aphansi angawokuqala ukuqhakaza. Ngemuva kokuvunda, izithelo ziyavuthwa - amaphakethe wembewu oblong enezinhlamvu ezincane eziningi, ezifuyizwayo.
Izinhlobo zeTuberose
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-13 zohlobo lwesitshalo. Ku-floriculture yasekhaya, ungathola ezi-2 zazo nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa.
I-Tuberose wideleaf. Lesi sitshalo sinama-oblong ama-5 cm ubude nama-3 cm ububanzi. Isiqu esisodwa esiqondile simbozwe ngamahlamvu ezansi. Amaqabunga aluhlaza obanzi emgqeni obanzi anendawo ecwebezelayo aqoqwe kuhlu lwe-basal. I-inflorescence enjenge-spike iqukethe izimbali ezimhlophe qhwa ezinobubanzi obungu-4 cm. Izimbali zihambisana nephunga elibuthakathaka kakhulu, kepha elimnandi. Uba ngo-Ephreli-Meyi.
Ama-polyantes abanda kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esiqhakaza kungamasentimitha angama-80-100. I-rosette eyisisekelo inamaqabunga amancanyana, aguquguqukayo angaba ngamasentimitha angama-50. Amaqabunga amancanyana ama-Sedentary amancane angama-5-6 cm atholakala engxenyeni engezansi yesiqu. Izimbali ezimhlophe zeTubular ezimfushane nephunga eliqinile esiqhakazeni. Ububanzi babo buyi-5-6 cm. I-inflorescence ngayinye enomzimba ovulekile ifaka hlangana nama-10 - 30 efihlekile. Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa:
- Iparele. Izinhlobo ezinamakha angama-Terry ezinobude obungamasentimitha angama-45-65. Ububanzi bentyatyambo emhlophe buyi-5 cm. Isitshalo sithanda ukushisa, sitshalwe ezitsheni.
- Isinxephezelo. Ama-inflorescences aqukethe izimbali ezincane ezinombala onsomi.
- Isafire epinki. Isitshalo esihle esinama-inflorescence aminyene. Ihlakaza izimbali ezinkulu eziphindwe kabili ngomsuka okhanyayo wepinki kanye nomngcele onsomi onsomi omnyama eceleni komngcele wamaphayini.
Izindlela Zokusakazeka Nezindawo Zokulala
I-Tuberose isatshalaliswa ngembewu namabhuleki endodakazi. Ukusakazeka kwembewu kunzima, ngoba izithombo ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila zibuthakathaka kakhulu. Badinga ukugcinwa ngokucophelela nokugcinwa kwemvelo eluhlaza.
Imvamisa abalimi basabalalisa i-tuberose ngama-corms. Sekukonke, isitshalo esikhulu sezimbali sinika izingane ezingama-20 isizini ngayinye. Kungenzeka ukuthi uhlukane futhi ukhule ngokuhlukile amasampula ngamasentimitha angu-2. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali kuze kube maphakathi nekwindla, ama-corms awumbiwe. Banikezwa ukuvuthwa kahle. Kuphela lapho amaqabunga eqala ukubuna, ama-tuberoses angambiwa, omiswe bese isokisi lihlukaniswe izingxenye.
Ukuvimbela ama-corms ukuba angashwi, agcinwa ku-moss oswakeme noma ekuhlafunweni ngamazinga okushisa we- + 15 ... + 18 ° C ebumnyameni ngokuphelele. Ukwehlukanisa isidleke kungakhethwa, kodwa njalo ngeminyaka engama-3-4 le nqubo iyadingeka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izitshalo zichotshoziwe futhi ziyoqhakaza zibe zimbi kakhulu.
Ezindleleni ezifudumele, kulula ukukhulisa ama-tuberoses ezitsheni, lapho ekwindla zimane zilethwe egumbini futhi zingagcobhozi ama-corms njalo ngonyaka. Ukutshala inhlabathi kumele kube okunempilo futhi kukhishwe kahle. Engadini, ngaphambi kokutshala i-tuberose, isihlabathi sithululelwa ngaphansi komgodi. Ama-corms atshalwe ngokuqinile mpo - ukuze intamo ebusweni.
Imithetho Yokunakekela
I-Tuberose idinga umzamo othile kumgcini wegadi, kepha ungaphezulu kokuvuza ama-inflorescence amahle futhi amnandi ngomsebenzi wakhe.
Isibani I-Tuberose idinga ukukhanya okukhulu okugqamile kanye nemini ende. Emini, izimbali kufanele zibe nomthunzi elangeni elishisayo. Ekuseni noma amahora kusihlwa, ilanga ngeke lisilimaze isitshalo. Emthunzini ojulile noma ngokukhanya kosuku olufushane, izimbali azivamile ukuqhakaza.
Ukushisa Isitshalo sidinga okuqukethwe okufudumele. Kungcono ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomoya alize lihle ngaphansi kuka-20 ° C, ngaphandle kwalokho ukukhula nokuqhakaza kwezimbali kuyeka. Lapho sincishiswa saba ngu-15 ° C, isitshalo siyafa. Ehlobo, imbali ikhule ngaphandle (engadini, kumamakholoni noma kuma-verandas), kepha kuvikelekile okuthembekile ekulweni okungakapheli kuyadingeka.
Umswakama. I-Tuberose idinga umswakama womoya ongama-50-80%. Kunconywa ukufafaza kuye izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. Ekufafazeni kwasemini eshisayo akunakufiseleka. Elangeni elivulekile, amaconsi amanzi azosebenza njengelensi futhi abangele ukushiswa.
Ukunisela. I-Tuberose idinga ukuthambisa ngokulinganisela kodwa okuvamisile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amanzi angavikelwe kahle, ahlanziwe ngokushisa okuphezulu kwegumbi lokushisa. I-ketshezi akufanele ihlale emhlabathini, ngaphandle kwalokho ama azobola ngokushesha.
Umanyolo. Ukuze imbali ikwazi ukwakha inqwaba eluhlaza nokuqhakaza, kufanele idliwe. Izakhi zamaminerali we-Liquid minerals noma izixazululo zokuphonsa inyoni okuwohlokayo zongezwa emhlabathini ngoMeyi kuze kube ngu-Agasti njalo ngenyanga.
Ukuncipha nokuhlwaya. Njengoba ikhula, kuyadingeka ukususa amaqabunga aqhekekile, aphukile noma onakele kanye nama-inflorescence. Iziqu ezinde zidabula kalula, ngakho-ke kufanele ziboshwe. Ekwindla, amahlumela asikiwe kanye ophuzi asikiwe. Ngokususa yonke ingxenye yesitshalo, kungaphoqa isibani ukuba sizichithe.
Ukuphoqa. Ngemuva kwamaviki ambalwa wokuphumula, ungathambisa i-corm. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bakudlulisela endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle bese beqala ukuyinisela kancane kancane. Imbiza yokutshala kufanele ibe yincane (cishe cm cm). Igcwele inhlabathi engadini ngokufakwa kwesihlabathi. Maduze nje kuzovela amahlumela okuqala. Izimbali zenzeka ezinyangeni ezingama-5-7 ngemuva kokuhluma.
Izifo nezinambuzane. I-Tuberose ingahlaselwa yimikhunta ethinta i-corm. Iphunga lesitshalo, yize limnandi kakhulu kubantu, liyazidonsela izinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, izinambuzane azivamile ukuhlala kuzo. Kuphela kuvela izikelebhu ngezikhathi ezithile ngezikhathi ezithile. Ama-insecticides (Aktara, Biotlin) asiza ukuwaqothula.
Tuberose engadini
Ama-inflorescence amahle futhi anamakha e-tuberose atshalwa eduze kwezindawo zokuphumula ukuze ajabulele iphunga lokuthaphuka. Ingasetshenziswa nasezikhundleni eziphakathi emibhedeni yezimbali. Ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo, i-tuberose itshalwa ngamakhethini aminyene. Ilungele ukuhlobisa i-rabatok nama-mixborder.
AmaPolyantes asetshenziswa kabanzi ezitsheni ezitsheni zokubala okwenziwe ngamakhonde emideni nasezindongeni. Imvamisa, itshalwa nge gladiolus, mallow, rosemary kanye ne-Delphinium. Ama-inflorescence angama-Lush asetshenziswa kaningi ukwenza izingcezu zezimbali. Ngalezi zinhloso, kuyadingeka ukukhetha izitshalo ezinamahlamvu amaningi kunezimbali ezivulekile.
