I-Dendrobium isitshalo esingajwayelekile se-epiphytic esinezimbali ezinkulu ezinamakha. Ungahlangana naye ezihlahleni zamahlathi ase-Australia, Philippines, East Asia naseNingizimu Melika. Ungowomndeni wakwa-Orchid futhi udonse konke ukuthandwa kwawo. Ama-peduncle amade, ambozwe ngezimbali eziningi ezinhle, avela ngokuvama okuthandekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yi-dendrobium engabalulekanga futhi enzima ukuyigcina. Isilinganiso esanele sokukhuthala kuzosiza ngisho ne-novice ukuthi ikhule izitshalo ezinhle.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Dendrobium umuthi ongapheli. Ukubukeka kwayo kuyehluka kakhulu, kuya ngezinhlobo. Izitshalo zihlala ezihlahleni, ngakho-ke uhlelo lwazo lwempande luhlangene. Ama-pseudobulbs ama-Smooth akhula ngezigaba, ezikhumbuza isiqu ngesigaba esiyindilinga noma esinemibala. Zihleliwe noma ziyakhasa. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo kusuka ku-2 cm kuya ku-5 m. Isikhathi se-pseudobulb yomuntu ngamunye siyiminyaka engama-2-4.
Phansi kwehlumela, amaqabunga e-oval noma ama-lanceolate anesikhumba akhula ezimpandeni. Bahlala phezu kwe-bulb bakha iringi eliqhubekayo. Lapho amahlamvu ekhula, iqhubekela esiqongweni sesiqu. Ama-dendrobiums amaningi ahlala eqinile, kepha isikhathi eside uma kuba nesomiso, izinhlobo ezithile ziyalahla amahlamvu.
Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kwenkathi yokuphumula, i-peduncle elincanyana elastic ikhula kusuka phezulu kwe-pseudobulb. Ilula noma ihlutshiwe futhi ithwala i-inflemose inflorescence. Izimbali zemithunzi ehlukahlukene nemilo zingaba yiphunga noma zikhiphe iphunga elimnandi nelimnandi. Izindebe ezibanzi eziqanda ezansi kwekholomu zifakwa ku-tube. Ikholomu ngokwayo inomlenze ophakeme, ohambelana namathuna angaba ngesimo sendawo yokuphuma kwesibindi. Ukuqhakaza kwe-dendrobium akwenzeki minyaka yonke, kodwa isikhathi eside sekhefu, ukuqhuma okwengeziwe kuzokwenzeka.
Ukubukwa okudumile
Uhlobo lwe-dendrobium ngenye yezinto ezihluke kakhulu. Kuhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-1200. Ezinye zazo:
UDendrobium Nobile (D. nobile) noma ophakeme. Izitshalo ezinkulu ezinesiqu esiqinile, esinamaqabunga. Amalunga aminyene aminyene ahlanganiswe ngamaqabunga okuhlala anjengama-oval. Amahlamvu wesikhumba akhula emigqeni emi-2. Esakhiweni ngasinye, ku-peduncle emfushane, ukuqhuma kwezimbali ze-axillary, kuhlukaniswe izingcezu ezi-2-3. Ama-petals abunjwe ngamaqanda ezansi apendwe emthunzini okhilimu, kuthi maqondana nomphetho abe yi-lilac egcwele. Esisekelo se-lipescent lip kunebala elimnyama onsomi. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziphezulu zokuhlobisa, lolu hlobo oluthile luvame ukukhula kakhulu ezindlini.
I-Dendrobium Phalaenopsis (D. phalaenopsis). Isitshalo esikhulu esinama-pseudobulbs agqinsiwe. Amahlumela ezansi angenalutho, futhi ngaphezulu ambozwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesabile omnyama wesimo se-lanceolate. I-peduncle emincane, efinyelela ku-60 cm ubude, imbozwe ngezimbali ezinkulu, ngaphansi kwesisindo lapho ibhulashi ligobeka ngandlela thile. Amabha yakhiwe ngamacembe anemibala. Emaphethelweni apendwe mhlophe, kuthi engxenyeni esethubeni iba bomvana. Izindebe ezinemilando emithathu zinendawo enkulu emnyama onsomi.
Lindley Dendrobium (D. lindleyi). Isitshalo esiphansi se-epiphytic sikhula sibe namahlumela anempilo afinyelela ku-8 cm ubude. Ngaphandle, afana ne-pseudobulbs yasendulo. Ngamunye ukhulisa iqabunga elilodwa le-emerald hue. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kwavela ama-peduncles amade, aqhekeka ekugcineni. Zimbozwe kakhulu ngezimbali ezincane eziphuzi zegolide elinephunga elinamandla. Ububanzi bentyatyambo bungama-2-5 cm.
Inkosi Dendrobium (D. kingianum). Izitshalo ze-Epiphytic ezinamahlumela aqinile, agqinsiwe ambozwe amafilimu amhlophe. Amacembe ama-Sedentary efomu le-lanceolate noma le-ovoid angakhula afike kubude obungama-30 cm.Aqoqwe engxenyeni engenhla yesithombo eqenjini lezingcezu ezi-3-4. Ibhulashi elixegayo elinesibalo esincane sezimbali ezinamakha amancane aqhakaza phezulu kwesiqu. Amacembe akhombe ngombala omhlophe noma we-violet eceleni kwemiphetho. Phansi kukhona izindebe ezicwebezelayo ezinemilingo emithathu.
I-Dendronium of Parish (D. parishii). I-epiphyte ethathe isinqumo yakha irosette lamaqabunga aminyene ngaphansi kwesihlumela. Amapheshana okugoqa okuqinile onqenqemeni olukhonjisiwe akhula ngo-5-10 cm ubude. Ubude be-cylindrical, elenga i-pseudobulb lifinyelela ku-40 cm. Isiqu sezimbali sikhula kumabala avuthiwe angenamahlamvu. Iphatha izimbali ezinkulu ezipinki-lilac enephunga elimnandi. Ububanzi bentyatyambo buyi-5-10 cm.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ekhaya, i-dendrobium isatshalaliswa ngezindlela zemifino. Yenza lokhu ngesikhathi sokufakelwa okuhleliwe. Isihlahla esikhulu singasehlukaniswa. Kaningi, inqubo ayinconywa. Okungenani iminyaka emi-3-4, i-orchid kufanele ikhule. Imbali ekhule ngama-pseudobulbs ama-6-8 iyakhululwa emhlabathini bese isikwa ngesigaxa esingenantengo ukuze ama-bulb ayi-22 kanye nengxenye yehlumela libe se-Delenka. Izindawo zokusikwa zephathwa ngamalahle achotshoziwe. Emva kwalokho, izitshalo eziphumayo zitshalwa enhlabathini entsha.
Imnene futhi ilula ngokwengeziwe ukukhiqizwa kwezingane noma amahlumela aseceleni. Zivele ngaphansi kwesiqu futhi sezivele zinezimpande zazo. Kungenzeka ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane ngokwandisa umswakama ngokushesha ngemuva kokuncipha kwezimbali futhi ukondle i-dendrobium tata nge-nitrogen. Lapho izimpande zezingane zikhula ngo-3-5 cm, ngosizo lwebhande lihlukaniswa nesitshalo esikhulu, lifaka ingxenye yesiqu sikamama. Izindawo ezisikiwe ziphathwe ngekhabhoni esebenze kahle. Ukondla izimpande, ihlumela lifakwa engilazini yamanzi abilisiwe imizuzu eminingana. Kwisitjalo esincane, kubekwa imbiza encanyana enobukhulu obunenhlabathi ekhethekile. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngokucophelela ukuze kungaphulwa izimpande ezondile.
Ukunakekela nokunakekela ikhaya
I-Orchid dendrobium, noma ibhekwa njengengacabangi kangako, idinga ukuhambisana nemithetho eminingana. Akafuni ukufakelwa, ngakho-ke abayenzi njalo. Izimpande ezibucayi zilimala kalula, emva kwalokho ama-orchid asheshe alulame. Kwanele ukufakelwa kwesitshalo njalo eminyakeni engama-3-4.
Imbali kufanele isuswe esitsheni esidala, futhi kuhlangene nenqwaba yomhlaba ocwiliswe kubhasikidi wamanzi afudumele. Inhlabathi izosala ngokuphelele ngemuva kwezimpande ngomonakalo omncane. Imbiza entsha kufanele ibe mincane, esitsheni esiqinile, izitshalo zikhula kangcono futhi ziyaqhakaza kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungalujuli i-rhizome. Izimpande zasemoyeni kufanele zihlale ebusweni. Emavikini ekucala langu-1-2 ngemuva kwenqubo, incenye yemacembe ladzala ingaphenduka iphuzi bese iwa.
Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, inhlabathi ye-dendrobium kumele ithelwe ngamanzi abilayo imizuzu eyi-10-15, bese yomile. Siqukethe lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- izingcezu zegxolo likaphayini;
- amalahle;
- ukhukhamba kakhukhunathi;
- sphagnum moss;
- izimpande ze-fern;
- Peat.
Le orchid iyakuthanda ukukhanya, kufanele ibekwe egumbini elinezibani ezikhanyayo. Ngisho nasebusika, kuyadingeka ukunikeza i-dendrobium ngokukhanya kosuku lwamahora ayishumi nambili. Kulokhu, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile akufanele kuwele kuso. Ngezikhathi ezithile, imbali ijikelezwa ngokuhambisana nomthombo wokukhanya ukuze ikhule ngokulinganayo.
Ehlobo, ungathatha i-dendrobium uye emoyeni omusha, uyivikele kokusalungiswa nokuthambisa kwezulu. Yize lesi sitshalo sithanda amanzi, izimvula zethu zibanda kakhulu ngaso. Kusemgwaqweni ukuthi kuzoba lula ukuhlinzeka ngamazinga okushisa nsuku zonke adingekayo, ngoba umbuso wokushisa uyindlela enzima kunazo zonke lapho kukhula izitshalo. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, amazinga okushisa esikhathi sasemini kufanele abe phakathi kuka- + 15 ... + 20 ° C, kanye namazinga okushisa ebusuku + 5 ... + 10 ° C. Ekwindla nasebusika, ngezikhathi zokuphumula, izinga lokushisa egumbini kufanele libe + 10 ... + 15 ° C. Ebusuku, ingahlala kwelinye izinga noma inciphe ngo-2-3 ° C.
Kuwo wonke unyaka, i-dendrobium idinga umswakama ophakeme womoya (cishe ama-70-80%). Kulokhu, izitshalo zivame ukufafazwa kusuka kwisibhamu sokufafaza, zibekwe eduze kwezicubu zamanzi noma ngamatshe abilayo, bese kuthi ebusika zisebenzise izihlungi zomoya. Musa ukubeka amabhodwe eduze kwama-radiators. Noma ebusika kunokuqukethwe okupholile, umswakama kufanele ube phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, ama-orchid athelwa njalo izikhathi ezingama-1-2 ngesonto. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbiza enesitshalo yehliswa imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwe-20 kubhasi olunamanzi afudumele, ahlanzwe kahle. Babilisa amanzi ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa, kufanele kufudumele kancane kunendawo ezungezile. Inhlabathi kufanele ihlale inomswakama kancane, uma ingaphezulu lomile, ukuthambisa kufanele kuqale ngokushesha. Futhi, ukugeza ngaphansi kweseshidi esishisayo (35-40 ° C) kubanjwa njalo unyaka wonke.
Galela i-dendrobium ngezingoma ezikhethekile zama-orchid. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ukondla kuyamiswa noma kufakwa ama-complexes ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen. Umanyolo ufakwa emanzini bese uthunyelwa emhlabathini.
Ngokunakekelwa okungafanele, i-dendrobium inezifo zokukhunta. Uma ukutheleleka kuncane, kwanele ukususa amaqabunga athintekile bese wenza ukwelashwa kwesikhunta. Kuma-parasites ku-orchid, izimbuzane zesicabucabu kanye nama-aphid zivame ukuhlaliswa. Izinambuzane zichithwa ngesishizi esishisayo nangamanzi anosawoti, yize abanye abatshali bekhetha isinambuzane.
Izimbali dendrobium
Ama-orchid amasha aqhakaza iminyaka engama-4-5 yokuphila. Ezinganeni, izimbali zingabonakala unyaka ngemuva kokutshala. Ukuze uvuse ukuvela kwama-inflorescences, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulondolozela ukukhanya okukhanyayo unyaka wonke futhi uqaphele ukubusa kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokushisa. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukuchelela njalo nokugqoka okuphezulu kubalulekile ukuze izingane zibonakale.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemifino kuyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni ekwindla. Lapho i-peduncle isomile ngokuphelele, inganqunywa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-pseudobulbs amadala aqala ukugwinya futhi omile, kepha awasuswa, ngoba ondla izingane.
