I-Amaryllis isitshalo esinezimbali eziqhamuka emndenini wakwa-Amaryllis, ekilasini eliyi-monocotyledonous. Lolu hlobo lincane. Yaqala ukukhonjwa maphakathi nekhulu le-18, okubonisa uhlobo olulodwa kuphela. Izwe lakubo yiNingizimu Afrika, futhi imbali evamile e-Australia. Ubuhle bamaqabunga amnandi, izimbali ezinkulu nephunga elicebile lenza ama-amaryllis abe yintandokazi yabatshali bezimbali kwamanye amazwe. Esimweni sezulu esipholile, sikhula njengeplantji yendlu. Kwesinye isikhathi ehlobo imbali idluliselwa embhedeni wezimbali, kodwa impela ayizibekezeleli isimo sezulu esibandayo.
Izici ze-Botanical
I-Amaryllis isitshalo esingapheli esinemijikelezo yokuphila ebekiwe. Uhlelo lwayo lwezimpande lumelelwa isibhebhe esikhulu, cishe esiyindilinga, sibheke phezulu mpo. Ububanzi be-bulb bufika ku-4-5 cm. Ngaphandle kungamafilimu awomile ampunga. Umuthi obomvana, omhlophe, ovela emabeleni ukhula usuka ezansi.
Amahlamvu entambo aqondile ahlelwe ngababili endizeni eyodwa. Zingama-2-3 cm ububanzi futhi zingama-60 cm ubude. Umbala wamahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani.
Amaryllis blooms engxenyeni yesibili yentwasahlobo. Okokuqala, lapho uvuka, kuvela imbali ende, enamanzi efinyelela ku-60 cm, bese kuthi kuqhume isambulela se-inflorescence esiqongweni saso. Imvamisa kunezimbali ezingama-4-6 kuyo, kepha isibalo sazo singafinyelela ku-12. Ama-corollas amakhulu ngesimo sensimbi enamaphayini ayisithupha afinyelela ububanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-106. Amhlophe, ukhilimu, opinki (acishe afinyelele ebomvu) ama-shades abaluleke kakhulu kumbala wawo. Enkabeni kukhona ama-stamens amade anama-anthers amakhulu nama-ovary.
Ngemuva kokuvundiswa, amabhokisi embewu enobuso obuthathu avuthwe. Ama-achenes avuthiwe avula ngokuzimela. Ngaphakathi kunezimbewu ezincane, okuvame ukuba khona ukuphuma kuzo okunamaphiko.
Ukunaka! Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-amaryllis inobuthi. Kwanele ukudla ingxenye encane yesitshalo ukuze kuqhume, isiyezi kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukugeza izandla zakho ngemuva kokusebenza nesitshalo futhi ungavumeli izingane nezilwane kuso.
I-Amaryllis noma i-hippeastrum
Akuwona wonke umuntu ongahlukanisa i-amaryllis ne-hippeastrum, ngoba ifana kakhulu ngokubukeka. Kaningi, abatshali bezimbali bababheka njengezivumelwano noma izinhlobo. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba zombili lezi zitshalo zingezizukulwane esifanayo i-Amaryllis. Kepha nomehluko omkhulu:
- i-amaryllis ine-bulb ende, emise okwenziwe ngethayi embozwe ngamafilimu agrey-grey, kanti ku-hippeastrum isibani siyindilinga, simhlophe qwa;
- Isiqu sezimbali se-amaryllis sisifushane futhi simanzana, akukho sikhala esikhungweni saso, futhi inani elikhulu lamahlumela lihlobisa phezulu;
- ngokungafani ne-hippeastrum, izimbali ze-amaryllis azikwazi ukuqhakaza kakhulu (zibomvu, i-orange, zipinki, ziphuzi), isikimu sazo sombala sisebangeni ukusuka ku-beige kuya ku-pink okhanyayo;
- Izimbali ze-Amaryllis ziyaqhakaza ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvuka, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avele;
- ukuqhakaza i-amaryllis kusakazeka iphunga elikhulukazi, kuyilapho owesilisa osondelene nesiqhumane sephunga.
Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa
Isikhathi eside, uhlobo lwe-amaryllis lwaluthathwa njenge-monotypic, okungukuthi, luhlanganisa uhlobo olulodwa - i-amaryllis Belladonna. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XX kuphela. Izinhlobonhlobo ezilandelayo zatholakala. Namuhla kunama-4 awo. Noma kunjalo, kwakuvela kokuqala lapho abafuyi bezithelo beveza izinhlobo eziningi zezimpawu ezihlukile. Zihlukaniswa izimbali ze-terry, ukwakheka kwama-petals nombala. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu kubo:
- Ibhubesi elibomvu - izimbali ezinkulu ezibomvu ezi-2,5 eziqhakaza emcibisholo;
- I-Nymph - amacembe anemiphetho ye-wavy embozwe ngemicu ebomvu emincane, futhi ubukhulu bembali bufika ku-25 cm;
- I-Ferrari - ama-amaryllis abomvu afinyelela ku-60 cm phezulu ngezimbali aze afike ku-15 cm ubukhulu;
- UParker - izimbali ezinkulu ezi-pink ezikhulu ezisekelweni zinebala eliphuzi;
- I-Vera - izimbali ezi-pink ezikhanyayo eziqhakaza;
- IMacarena - izimbali ezibomvu ezi-terry ezinomugqa omhlophe ophakathi ezintabeni ezingaphandle.
Izici Zokuphindaphindeka
I-Amaryllis ingasatshalaliswa ngembewu noma ngokuhlakulelayo. Ukuthola imbewu, kubalulekile ukwenza ngokwakho-impova, udlulisela impova ngebhulashi kusuka kwenye imbali kuya kwenye. Ukuvula kabusha kwenzeka kungapheli inyanga. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukugcina izinga lokushisa lingabi ngaphezu kuka + 24 ° C. Ukuqoqwa kwembewu kwenziwa lapho amabhokisi ephuka. Zigcina ukuhluma okuhle kuze kuphele izinyanga eziyi-1.5, ngakho-ke akufanele ungabaze. Okokutshala sebenzisa iziqukathi ezinengxube yeqabunga nomhlaba we-turf nge-humus. Inhlabathi kumele ihlale inomswakama kancane. Ukutshala izinto eduze kuze kube ngu-5 mm. Ngaphambi kokuvela, isitsha simbozwe ngefilimu futhi sigcinwe egumbini elinokushisa kwe- + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Izithombo ezinamaqabunga amabili angempela atshalwa ezimbizeni ezincane ezihlukile. Ukuthenwa kweqabunga eminyakeni yokuqala engama-2-3 akwenziwa. Izimbali zizoqala eminyakeni engama-7-8.
Ukusakazwa kwemifino kudumile kakhulu, ngoba izinhlamvu eziguquguqukayo ziyagcinwa futhi ukuqhakaza kuqalisa kusuka eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwembili yokuphila. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezilandelayo:
- UMnyango Wezingane. Lapho kudluliswa kusuka kubani likamama, ama-bulbs amancane anezimpande athuthukile ahlukaniswa. Ukutshala kwenziwa emabhodweni ahlukene nenhlabathi yezitshalo zabantu abadala. Phakathi nonyaka, ukugawulwa kwamaqabunga akwenziwa ukuze umntwana aqongelele izakhi zomzimba.
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Bulb. Isibazi esikhulu esinamandla simbiwa kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi esishisayo, amaqabunga anengxenye engenhla ayanqunywa bese kuthi lapho kwenziwa khona ume mpo, kube ngokwahlukana okungu-4-8. Ngamunye kufanele agcine ingxenye yezikali ezingezansi nezangaphandle. Izindawo zokusikeka ziphathwa ngomlotha wezinkuni ochotshoziwe. Okokuqala, ama ama omisiwe atshalwe esihlabathini esimanzi. Ihlanganiswa njalo ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha ngokucophelela. I-Delenki izimpande cishe inyanga, lapho ungabona ihlumela lokuqala. Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga ama-2 zikulungele ukufakelwa kumhlabathi ogcwele.
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Ukuze ama-amaryllis akhule ngenkuthalo futhi aqhakaze njalo, kubalulekile ukunaka kakhulu inqubo yokutshala nokukhetha imbali yezimbali. Usayizi waso kufanele uhambisane nosayizi we-bulb. Isikhala samahhala kusuka ohlangothini kuya kwesinye isitshalo kufanele sihlale singamasentimitha amathathu. Ithangi elivulekile kakhudlwana lizosiza ekwakhekeni kwezingane eziningi. Kungcono ukwenza ukufakelwa ngoJulayi.
Ungqimba olukhulu lwamanzi luthelelwa ezansi kwembiza. Isibazi uqobo singcwatshwe cishe ukuphakama. Ngesikhathi senqubo, amahlamvu awagawulwa ukuze ngesikhathi sokuthanyiswa isitshalo sithole izakhi zomzimba. Ukubamba imbala kuthatha izinyanga ezi-1.5.
Ingxube yenhlabathi yakhiwe nge-turf neqabunga lomhlabathi (izingxenye ezi-2 ngasinye), kanye ne-humus nesihlabathi (1 ingxenye ngayinye). Inhlabathi entsha kumele ihlanzwe.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
I-Amaryllis ibhekisela kwizitshalo ezinesikhathi esenziwe isikhathi sokusebenza kanye ne-dormancy. Izimo zokuvalelwa zincike kulezi zigaba. Ukuvuka kwembali kwenzeka entwasahlobo, kuthi ekwindla (cishe izinyanga ezintathu), i-amaryllis ichitha ubusika lapho yonke ingxenye yomhlabathi ifa.
Isibani Abakhileyo e-Afrika badinga ilanga elikhanyayo, imisebe eqondile emaqabunga nasezimbali ayidali zinkinga. Kuyadingeka ukuthi unikeze amahora wemini amahora angama-14-16. Uma umthombo wokukhanya ungasohlangothini olulodwa, khona-ke umcibisholo wezimbali namahlamvu kungahlanekezela, ngakho-ke imbiza ijikelezwa njalo. Isibazi asidingi ukukhanyiswa ngesikhathi sokuwa.
Ukushisa Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, ama-amaryllises agcinwa emazingeni okushisa ka-20 ... + 24 ° C, ebusuku ukupholisa 2-5 ° C kuyinto efiselekayo. Kuyasiza kakhulu ukufaka igumbi njalo egumbini lokuphumula, kodwa akunakuphikwa ukuthi kufanele ufake i-amaryllis kokusalungiswa. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngu- + 10 ... + 12 ° C.
Umswakama. Ibanga elilungile lingama-50-90%. Kufanele unamathele emthethweni wokuthi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme liba likhulu kangakanani. Ungayandisa ngosizo lwamathreyi amanzi noma ukufafaza ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukunisela. Izitshalo ezinama-bulbous azibekezeleli ukuqina komswakama enhlabathini. Nisela kakhulu ngokulinganisela. Kungcono ukuthi uthele amanzi ahlanze kahle, ahleliwe epanini ukuze anganqwabuki kumagobolondo. Inhlabathi kumele ibe manzi kancane, kepha hhayi yomile kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ukuthambisa izimbali akudingekile nhlobo. Entwasahlobo, ukuthambisa kuqale kabusha ngokunakekelwa okukhulu.
Umanyolo. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, kabili ngenyanga, umanyolo usetshenziswa enhlabathini. Kuyadingeka ukuguqula izakhiwo ze-organic kanye nezimbiwa. Musa ukusebenzisa izingoma ezinokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephezulu.
Izihlahla. Izimbali ze-Amaryllis zihlala izinsuku ezingama-25. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuze kungaqedi isibani, umcibisholo unqunywa ngemuva kokuvulwa kwegalu lokuqala. Nge-vase, izokuma kakhulu. Ekwindla, amaqabunga ayaphela futhi omile. Amahlumela asikiwe, bese isibani sidluliselwa endaweni emnyama, epholile. Akunakwenzeka ukusika amaqabunga ukuze ome ngokuphelele, ngoba kubo imbali ithola umsoco odingekayo wokuthuthuka okugcwele.
Izimbali. Ngokunakekelwa okujwayelekile, izimbali ze-amaryllis zenzeka njalo ngonyaka ngasehlobo. Noma kunjalo, ama-buds angavuselelwa ngosuku oluthile. Ukusuka kumabhulethi aqinile nanempilo ngemuva kokufakelwa, amahlumela akhula ngentshiseko. Kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezimbili ukusuka ekutshalweni nasekubonakaleni kwamahlamvu. Uma inani lama-peduncle lidlula i-2, okukhishwa ngokweqile kuyasuswa ukuze kungaqedi isitshalo. Uma izimbali zingaveli isikhathi eside, kungahle kube nezizathu eziningana:
- imbiza enkulu ngokweqile;
- ukutshala ama-bulb kujule kakhulu;
- ukuntuleka komanyolo;
- ukukhanya okuphansi namazinga okushisa aphansi;
- ukuntuleka kwesikhathi sokuphumula ngokugcwele (okungenani izinyanga ezi-3).
Izifo nezinambuzane. I-Amaryllis isengozini yezifo zokukhunta. Babonakala amabala emaqabungeni naseziyisibeni ngephunga elingemnandi le-putrefactive. Njengokwelashwa, izindawo ezilimele ziyaqedwa futhi ziphathwe ngesikhunta, i-Bordeaux liquid noma solution ye-potanganum permanganate. Emoyeni ovulekile, lesi sitshalo singase sihlushwa ukuhlaselwa yisicabucabu kanye nemikhaza ka-anyanisi, ama-thrips, mealybug, izinambuzane ezikalwa ngezidakamizwa, ama-aphid. Ama-insecticides nama-acaricides azosiza ukumsindisa.
