Ngisho nomlimi ofisayo angathola isivuno esihle kakhulu samakhukhamba, ikakhulukazi uma enaka ama-nuances athile abalulekile, owokuqala wawo ulungisa ingadi efanele.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemibhede yamakhukhamba
Ukuze kukhule kahle futhi kuthuthukiswe, ukhukhamba udinga inhlabathi ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo, ngakho-ke lapho uhlela imibhede yokukhulisa le imifino, i-humus, utshani, amagatsha, imfucuza yokudla nezinye izinto eziphilayo kungeniswa kuwo. Izithasiselo ezinjalo azithuthukisi kuphela inani lomsoco lomhlabathi, kodwa futhi zikhiqiza ukushisa ngenkathi kubola.
Ukushisa okungokwemvelo kwenhlabathi kuyayifeza, kubulale amagciwane angama-pathogenic nezinambuzane eziningi.
Ukwethulwa kwendaba yezinto eziphilayo yisimo esiyinhloko lapho kuhlelwa indawo yokutshala ukhukhamba. Imibhede ingaba ejulile futhi ibe mude, ifudumele futhi ijwayelekile, ilenga futhi inezitebhisi eziningi. Phakathi kwabalimi, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zamaphala zithandwa kakhulu:
- ukufudumala;
- ubulongwe;
- mpo
- mobile.
Ukwakheka kombhede kuncike ngokuphelele emcabangweni wakho: zingenziwa zikwele, zinxande, ziyindilinga, ngendlela ye-trapezoid, ngesimo sanoma yiziphi izinto, izilwane
Umbhede ofudumele wamakhukhamba
Le nguqulo yensimu ikuvumela ukuthi uqale ukukha imifino emasontweni ama-2-3 ngaphambili kunemibhede evamile yenhlabathi, futhi uze ufike ngaphambi kwezihlobo ezigcina ukushisa ngokuya ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemibhede efudumele:
- wangcwatshwa. Kwakhiwa emseleni. Umbhede onjalo ukhuphuka kancane ngaphezulu kweleveli yomhlaba noma utholakala ukuthi uthambile nalo. Umhlabathi osembhedeni ogcadiwe awomile isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke, uma ungenalo ithuba lokunisela okuvamisile kwengadi, kufanele ukhethe lokhu okuhlukahlukene;
- iphakeme noma iphakanyisiwe. Yakhiwe ngesimo sebhokisi. Ifudumala ngokushesha futhi ilungele izingadi ezigcwala izikhukhula entwasahlobo noma zihlushwa umswakama ngokweqile phakathi nenkathi.
Uhlelo lokwakha irobhothi elifudumele eliqukethe izigaba ezilandelayo:
- Bagebha umsele obude bube yimitha ejulile futhi bube yimitha nengxenye ububanzi.
Ungqimba oluvundile lomhlabathi owumbiwe lusetshenziselwa ukwakheka okuningana kwe-ridge
- Ingqimba yokudonsa ibekwe phansi komgodi olungiselelwe. Ingaba namagatsha amakhulu omile, izimpande zezihlahla, izingodo, iziqu eziqinile zezitshalo, okungukuthi, imfucumfucu enkulu, ebumbene, ende.
Kudingeka ungqimba olusezingeni eliphezulu lwamakhompiyutha enhlabathini enobumba noma ezindaweni ezinamanzi amile eduze kwamanzi
- Izinto ze-organic zibekwe ngaphezulu kwephayiphu: i-humus, umquba, imfucuza yokudla (yokuhlanza, imfucumfucu yokudla) kanye nemfucumfucu yesitshalo (iziqongo, imfucumfucu yamaqabunga). Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi imfucumfucu enempilo kuphela engonakaliswa yizifo zezitshalo kanye nezinambuzane ezingasetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke ukuthi izinto zokudla ezinamanzi, ezinomswakama azinamatheli ndawonye, zingabekwa ngotshani.
Lapho kubekwa, ungqimba ngalunye lunconywa ukuba luhlanganiswe futhi luchithe ngamanzi afudumele.
- Izinto eziphilayo ziniselwa ngokucophelela ngamanzi ngokufakwa kweBaikal EM. Inezinto eziphilayo ezincane ezisheshayo inqubo yokuguqula imfucumfucu yendalo ibe yifomu efinyeleleka ezitshalweni.
- Umbhede uvalwe ngefilimu futhi ushiywe isonto lonke ngaphansi kwesembozo.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7, umbhede uyahlanganiswa futhi inhlabathi engu-15-20 cm ixutshaniswe nomquba ithululelwa ngaphezulu kwento e-organic.
- Futhi, mboza ngefilimu bese ushiya elinye iviki, emva kwalokho baqala ukuhlwanyela ukhukhamba.
Lapho uhlela umbhede ofudumele phezu kwenhlabathi, ukulandelana kwezenzo kuzoba okufanayo, kepha ukuze kulondolozwe ukwakheka kwesihlalo, kunconywa ukwakha ibhokisi kusuka emabhodini noma kwizikhubekiso zokubamba.
Kulula kakhulu ukusebenza ngemibhede efudumele ephakanyisiwe - asikho isidingo sokugoba kude kakhulu ukunakekela ukhukhamba nalapho uvuna
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kombhede ofudumele
Impilo yenkonzo yombhede ofudumele ayikhawulwanga unyaka owodwa futhi yiminyaka engama-4-5. Ukhukhamba kunconywa ukuthi ukhule embhedeni onjalo kungabi ngaphezu kweminyaka emibili ilandelana, bese kusetshenziselwa imifino engadingi ukondleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhede ofudumele unezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
- ngosizo lwayo, imfucuza yengadi kanye neyendlu ilahlwa ngokwemvelo;
- ukhukhamba mancane amathuba okuthi athinteke yizilokazane nezifo (ngokuya ngemithetho yenhlangano yegquma);
- inhlabathi ifudumala ngokushesha;
- kukhula ukhula oluncane embhedeni;
- Idizayini ilungele ukuchelela nokhula.
Ububi obukhulu bokuhlela umbhede ofudumele ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwawo kudinga izindleko ezithile zomzimba nezezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ividiyo: yini imibhede efudumele yamakhukhamba
Umbhede womquba
Ukuze ukhule imifino ye-thermophilic enhlabathini ebandayo nenesisindo esidinga ukushisa kwekhwalithi ephezulu, kunconywa ukuhlomisa imibhede yomquba. Akhiwa njengasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kepha ngokuqinisekile kumhlaba owonqiwe, ngoba ngaphansi komquba umhlaba ngeke ukwazi ukufudumala isikhathi eside.
Ukuze uhlomise ridge kungcono ukusebenzisa umquba wamahhashi. Lapho ibolile, igcina izinga lokushisa eliphakeme (ngaphakathi kwama-degree angu-+70) isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga, ithuthukisa inhlabathi ngezinto ezifanele ukondla ukhukhamba kanye ne-carbon dioxide.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-ridge kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Kulungisiwe umsele ojulile (ongafika ku-40 cm).
- Ngezansi kwakubeka ungqimba lwamasentimitha angamashumi amabili. Ukusuka kulo ungakha izindonga nokuhlukaniswa kombhede.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ukushisa okukhiqizwe yi-biofuel kungashisa izimpande zamakhukhamba, izindonga, phansi kanye nokuqhekeka kwakhiwa kusuka kuwo, futhi ngaphakathi kombhede kugcwele umquba nomhlabathi ovundile
- Ama-organics athululelwa ngamanzi afudumele ngokufakwa kwenani elincane le-potanganum permanganate.
- Ingqimba yomquba ibalwa ngomlotha wezinkuni.
- Inhlabathi yengadi ixutshwe nomanyolo ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1 kanti umbhede ugcwele kusuka ngaphakathi. Ungqimba lomhlabathi ophephile kufanele okungenani lube ngu-30 cm.
- Umbhede umbozwe ifilimu. Ukufudumala kuzoba nomthelela ekufudumaleni okusheshayo kwemibhede futhi kuzoqala inqubo yokubola kongqimba lwendlala.
- Ngemuva kwesonto, ungahlwanyela imbewu yamakhukhamba noma utshale izithombo embhedeni womquba.
Uma ukwakheka kufakwa ngaphakathi, kufakwe embozwe ngeplastiki, khona-ke nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho ungathola isivuno sokuqala kwamakhukhamba
Umbhede omile wamakhukhamba
Le nguqulo yensimu ilungele abalimi abaceba indawo encane yomhlaba. Umbhede othe mpo wamakhukhamba ungakhiwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Enye yazo ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo ze-trellis, ezivumela imivini yamakhukhamba ukuthi ingasakazeki emhlabathini. I-Trellis ingaba mpo kulo lonke ubude bethala elilungiselelwe noma ihlelwe ngendlela ye-wigwam emibhedeni eyindilinga enobubanzi bemitha.
Ukwakhiwa kogibela oluyindilinga oluqonde phezulu:
- Ukuhlelwa kwezendlalelo kuhlelwe ngokuya ngomgomo wepulanga elifudumele.
- Isikhonkwane eside (1.5-2 m) sidonswa enkabeni yengadi, ngenhla kwawo kulungiswa izingxenye zamasamba ngokwenombolo yenamba ebekiwe.
- Imikhawulo yamawele enezingwegwe noma ngezikhonkwane ezincane iqondiswe eceleni komphetho wemibhede.
- Imbewu yamakhukhamba ihlwanyelwa endaweni ezungezile ibanga okungenani lama-25 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ukukhula, ukhukhamba uzokhuphukela ukwesekwa, futhi ngokushesha umbhede uzoba njengephiramidi eliluhlaza.
Izithombe: Izinketho ze-trellis zezinto zokulala embhedeni
- Kulula kakhulu ukuhlangana ezintweni zokwakha ithuthukisiwe, i-hut trellis yamakhukhamba iyindlela enhle kakhulu yokulima kwawo mpo
- Inketho eyi-mesh efanele yamakhukhamba ibhekwa njenge-trellis eguquguqukayo noma inetha eliqinile lepulasitiki engadini enezikhala okungenani ezingama-15x15 cm
- Ukhukhamba uqobo lubambelela kwi-trellis enamadevu, kepha kusadinga ukuqondiswa futhi luboshwe.
- Izihlahlubo zamapulangwe ezilula kakhulu zamakhukhamba, eziqoqwe kusuka ezintweni ezenziwe ngezandla zakho, zingamahlaka (amafreyimu) ngendlela yezinhlamvu "A" (ene-spacer bar phakathi), "L" (ngaphandle kwesikhala), "T" noma "P"
- Ukulima okumile kunika umlimi ukufinyelela kwamaqabunga ngalinye, isiqu, izithelo, ezikuvumela ukuthi unakekele isitshalo kalula, ubone izinkinga futhi ubhekane nazo
Inzuzo engabazeki yemibhede emile yile elandelayo:
- zihlobisa. Ngokunemba okufanelekile kokubulawa, lo mklamo uletha ukuthinta okukhangayo nokungajwayelekile ekwakhiweni kwendawo;
- hlala endaweni encane;
- dinga ukulondolozwa okuncane nokunakekelwa kwezitshalo;
- kulula ukuhambisa, ukulekelela, ukwakha kabusha;
- kulula futhi kulula ukuqoqa imifino kubo, ngaphandle kokuguqukela ngaphandle kokulimaza imivini yamakhukhamba;
- ukungabikho ngokuphelele kokuxhumana kwamaqabunga neziqu zesitshalo ngomhlaba, kanye nomoya omncane, kugwema izifo eziningi zamakhukhamba.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngokuhlelwa okuqondile komshini wekhukhamba, imifino idinga umanyolo owengeziwe. Ikakhulu, isidingo se-phosphorus sanda ngama-20-30%. Izitshalo ezitholakala zibheke phezulu zidinga umswakama owengeziwe ngenxa yokuwomiswa yilanga nomoya.
Imibhede yesinyathelo
Izinhlobonhlobo zemibhede ebheke phezulu ifaka phakathi elula futhi ethandwayo phakathi kwesinyathelo sabalimi noma izakhiwo ezinamamaki amaningi, ezibandakanya ukubekwa kwemibhede eminingana ngaphezulu komunye nomunye:
- Okokuqala, kudalwa umbhede omkhulu, ovame ukubukeka njengesikwele.
- Phezu kwayo kwakhiwa enye indawo encane.
Isakhiwo esinjalo singadalwa kusetshenziswa imicu yensimbi, ithayela lomngcele, amabhodi ajwayelekile. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umbhede ogwetshiwe ungakhanyiswa ngokungalingani yilanga, ngakho-ke, kumakhukhamba, ingxenye ekhanyiselwe kunazo zonke yomgodi ikhethiwe, futhi izitshalo ezingadingi ukukhanya ekukhanyelweni zitshalwa kwezinye izindawo (u-anyanisi, i-parsley, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi).
Cishe zonke izitshalo zikhula futhi zithele izithelo ezingcono kakhulu lapho zingakhulelwanga emgudwini wokukhulisa imvelo (okubandakanya izitshalo zohlobo olulodwa) embhedeni, kodwa "ngokubambisana" kwezinhlobo eziningana zezitshalo ezihambisanayo
Imibhede ephathekayo yamakhukhamba
Inzuzo yombhede ongadi osetshenziswayo wukuthi ingakhiwa kunoma yiliphi ikhona lesakhiwo ngaphandle kokumba inhlabathi. Kulula ukuhlomisa umbhede onjalo kunoma yiliphi ithangi ngokuya ngemigomo yombhede ofudumele. Ilungiselelwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, cishe inyanga ngaphambi kokutshalwa ukhukhamba, ukuze izidalwa ziqale ukubola, zivuthwe futhi zibe ngumhlabathi onempilo wezitshalo ezitshaliwe ngenyanga nesigamu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
Izinzuzo zamakhukhamba akhula ezikhwameni, emiphongolweni nakwezinye iziqukathi:
- izimpande zesitshalo ngeke zonakaliswe ibhere;
- ngokunisela okufanele, izitshalo azithambekele ezifweni zokukhunta;
- esakhiweni esincane awukwazi ukuvuna ngaphansi kwesivalo esigcwele;
- lula futhi kube lula ekunakekeleni izitshalo, ekuvuneni;
- ukuvuthwa zakuqala imifino.
Kungcono ukuthatha isikhwama esikhudlwana, ngokweshukela, ngokwesibonelo, ngoba i-polyethylene izinyembezi ezivela elangeni
Ungakha umbhede weselula esitsheni sokhuni esinamasondo. Kungcono ukumboza ingaphakathi lecala ngefilimu - lokhu kuzosindisa izinkuni ekuqhekekeni okusheshayo, futhi imisele yokudonsa kufanele ihlelwe phansi. Amasondo kumele aqine ukusekela isisindo somhlabathi nezitshalo, ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuhamba.
Indawo indawo yesitsha esisetshenziswayo ephathekayo ingashintshwa ngezikhathi zasemini ngokuguqula noma ukuyihambisa ngohlangothi olufunayo elangeni
Usebenzisa imibhede ephathekayo, ungamisa ingadi noma kuphi engadini, usishintshe ngokushesha isikhala, usebenzisa izakhiwo ezinjengezihlukaniso, izengezo ze-zonal.
Ohlangothini, uthayela wensimbi noma odongeni lwezakhiwo ezakhiwe, ungahlela umbhede othe mpo wamakhukhamba akhulayo ngokulengiswa emabhokisini epulasitiki noma ngokhuni, izikhwama zepulasitiki ezigcwele inhlabathi yezakhi.
Ukuhlela imibhede ephathekayo, ungasebenzisa izinto ezitholakala endlini: amasutukezi amadala nezikhwama, izimoto zasengadini, izikebhe ezindala, obhasikidi bokuthenga kanye namaloli amakhulu wezingane
Ukubuyiselwa okuphezulu okuphuma engadini etholakalayo kungatholakala uma ingxenye yemivimbo yamakhukhamba izobhekiswa phezulu eduze kwama-arcs noma izigxobo ezisunguliwe, kanti ingxenye yawo izokwehla ngokukhululeka ibuye isabalale emhlabathini.
Ukhukhamba olukhulayo embhedeni weselula usebenzisa isigaxa songa isikhathi kanye nendawo (umgqomo owodwa wamalitha amabili ubuyisela umbhede ongamamitha-2)
Uma kusetshenziswa umthamo omncane ukuhlomisa ingadi ephathekayo, khona-ke lobu bunzima obulandelayo kumele bunakwe.
- isitshalo esisodwa samakhukhamba sidinga okungenani amalitha ama-5 wenhlabathi enomsoco;
- inhlabathi esethangi izokoma masinyane, ngakho-ke udinga ukunisela kakhulu lamakhukhamba: hhayi izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto, kepha nsuku zonke. Isixazululo sale nkinga yinhlangano yokunisela ngenkasa noma ngokusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogel - amabhola akhethekile amunca amanzi ngesikhathi sokunisela, bese kancane kancane ewunika izitshalo. Uma usebenzisa i-hydrogel, ithelwa ngaphakathi amahora amaningi, bese ixutshwa nenhlabathi. Okulandelayo, qiniseka ukuthi okungenani umhlaba ka-5 cm usengaphezulu kwalolu ungqimba olucetshisiwe. Lokhu kuyisidingo, ngoba ebusweni benhlabathi umenzeli uzokoma ngokushesha ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya kwelanga;
IHydrogel isetshenziselwa enhlabathini, izingxube, amakhompiyutha nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinto ezisetshenziselwa izitshalo ezikhulayo
- Ukhukhamba uzokhipha ngokushesha izakhi zomzimba enanini elincane lomhlaba, ngakho-ke, izakhamzimba zesitshalo zizodinga ukwenziwa kabili kaningi.
Ividiyo: Ukhukhamba olukhula emgqonyeni
Vele, awukwazi ukukhathazeka, futhi ukhule ukhukhamba engadini evamile. Kepha uma ufuna ukwandisa isivuno salolu imifino ewusizo futhi edingekayo, gcina isikhala esakhiweni noma nje ulinge, bese uqiniseka ukuthi uhlela noma yimaphi ama-ridges anconyiwe!
