Bafundi abathandekayo, kulesi sihloko nizofunda ngemithetho yokukhulisa i-zinnia kusuka imbewu, sizokutshela ukuthi usitshale nini nokuthi ungazinakekela kanjani izithombo. Ake sixoxe ngayo yonke imininingwane bese unikeza izeluleko. Futhi ekuqaleni amagama amabili ngesitshalo.
Ingadi zinnia noma enkulu isitshalo saminyaka yonke esivela emndenini we-aster. Imbali eyisicaba ibukeka njenge-gerbera, kepha inemigqa eminingana yama-petals ayinhloko, umgogodla oqinile. Abafuyi bakha iphalethi elikhanyayo le-zinnias, ukusuka ophuzi kuya kokhilimu onsomi, onama-shades amaningi abomvu namawolintshi. Isiqu sesitshalo siminyene, sizinzile, sinamahlumela ambalwa kuso. Ziqhuma kancane kancane. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kwakheka amabhokisi okuxekethile, aqukethe imbewu yenaliti.
Okuqhakaza okukhulu maphakathi nehlobo, kujabulise ngemibala kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Imbali ethanda ukushisa iyasaba isithwathwa, sifa ngokushesha. Esigabeni esiphakathi, iRussia, iSiberia, i-Urals, i-zinnia itshalwe emhlabathini kuphela ngezithombo, isikhathi sezitshalo kuze kube isigaba sokuqhakaza siyizinyanga eziyi-2,5. Ezindaweni ezifudumele kuphela ohlwanyela imbewu emibhedeni yezimbali. Ukuzilima kwezithombo kusuka ezinhlanyelweni akuyona ibhizinisi elukhuni, kodwa elinomthwalo wemfanelo. Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, kufanele wazi imithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekela izithombo zezimbali.
Ukukhula kweZinnia kusuka kwiMbewu
Okukhulu esikalini esiningi sezinto zokutshala kuhlinzekwa yizitolo ezikhethekile. Abalimi abaningi bayayikhulisa ngokwabo. Imbewu ye zinnia etshalwe ngoFebhuwari ivuthwe ngokugcwele ekwindla. Aqoqwe, omisiwe, agcwele emasakeni, kufanele asayinwe, akhombise unyaka wokuqoqwa. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwenziwa ngoMashi, Ephreli, kuye ngezimo zezulu zesifunda, usuku lokuphela kwamafrimu okubuya.
Ukushesha ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-zinnia yezithombo akunangqondo. Isitshalo sizokwelula, idili ngeke lizijwayele kahle ukufakelwa komhlaba ovulekile. Lapho isitshalo sesikhulile, kubi kakhulu lapho sidlulisa ukufakelwa, uhlelo lwezimpande luyaqina.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuma emhlabeni: nge-pick and ngaphandle kwayo. Kepha okokuqala, amagama ambalwa mayelana nokulungiswa kwembewu. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ahlukaniswa, alahlwa alimala, athambile, aphukile. Lapho-ke imbewu yembewu ihlolwa ukuthi imila yini, ikakhulukazi uma igcinwe isikhathi eside. Imbewu ibekwa izinsuku ezingama-2 izicubu zomswakama zokuvuvukala. Ukomisa izinto zokutshala akumele kuvunyelwe; kuzokonakala.
Ukusuka emanzini ngokweqile, isikhumba sembewu singagula, sikhunte. Kwanele ukufafaza izicubu ezimbalwa kabili ngosuku kusuka esibhamu sokufafaza. Imbewu yenaliti kufanele zivuvukale kahle, ifakwe kumswakama kanye nehabhu. Imbewu yomile impela imila kuze kube isonto. Kwesinye isikhathi imbewu ifakwe koketshezi imizuzu engama-30, kuphela emva kwalokho isatshalaliswe ngendwangu emanzi. Kuyinto ekahle ukumila imbewu kusoso, bayifaka elangeni noma ebhethri ukuze okusanhlamvu kushiswe. Uma amahlumela engazange avele, imbewu yokuhlola iyalahlwa, kubekwa i-batch entsha kwisithombo. Imbewu igcinwe kahle kuze kube yiminyaka emibili. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, ukuhluma kwehla.
Ukuhlwanyela izinsuku ngokuya ngekhalenda leLunar 2019
I-Zinnia itshalwa kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaMashi kuze kube kuyokuqala kuka-Ephreli. Ngezinsuku ezinjalo zokutshala, izimbali zizokujabulisa isikhathi eside, imbewu izoba nesikhathi sokuvuthwa.
Emhlabathini ovulekile otshalwe ngoMeyi-Juni. Ukugxila emijikelezweni yenyanga, ngonyaka ka-2019 kungcono ukuzibandakanya ekuhlwanyeleni:
- Mashi - 19-20;
- Ephreli - 16-17, 22-23.
Isikhathi esihle sokuhambisa izithombo zezimbali emhlabathini ovulekile:
- Meyi - 9-10, 15-16;
- NgoJuni - 9-12.
Izinsuku zokuthwasa kwenyanga kanye nokuthwasa kwenyanga kubhekwa njengento engafanele ukutshala, ukukha izitshalo:
- Mashi - 5-7, 21-22;
- Ephreli - 4-6, 18-21.
- Meyi - 4-6, 19-20
- NgoJuni - 2-4, 16-17.
Kuyadingeka ukukhetha usuku oluthile lokutshala imbewu noma izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile ngokuya ngesimo senhlabathi, kufanele kufudumele kuze kufike ku-+8 ° C. Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi, isitshalo siyagula, singafa. IZinnia isaba umehluko omkhulu wokushisa, lokhu futhi kudingeka kubhekwe. Noma ikuphi iqhwa kuzoba yingozi kuye.
Igama lokuhlwanyela imbewu linqunywa ngokubala okulula. Isikhathi sokutshala imifino - isigaba esigcwele sokukhula kwezitshalo kusuka ekuhlumeni kuya ekuvuthweni kwembewu kuthatha cishe amasonto ayi-10, lokhu izinyanga ezimbili nesigamu. Izithombo zitshalwa emhlabathini lapho zineminyaka emine kuya kwayisithupha. Ngalesi sikhathi, isikhathi sesithwathwa kufanele siphele, amazinga okushisa asebusuku akufanele anciphe ngaphansi kwe-zero.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-zinnia ekhaya
Imbali ithanda inhlabathi evundile nenempilo. Ngokutshala, bathola ingxube yomhlaba yenhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo, umhlaba wotamatisi. Abaningi benza ingxube bebodwa kusukela ezingxenyeni ezimbili ze-humus, 1 ingxenye yomhlaba wesod, ungangeza ingxenye of yesihlabathi somfula. Kuyelulekwa ukushisa inhlabathi kubhavu wamanzi noma ikhalori kuhhavini emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku +100 ° C. Umphumela ofanayo wokubulala amagciwane utholakala lapho umhlaba uthululwa ngamanzi abilayo. Ungalungisa isisombululo esipinki se-potassium permanganate. Akudingekile ukwengeza ukufaka umanyolo wenhlabathi ovundile. IZinnia ayithandi i-nitrogen ethe xaxa emhlabathini, ivusa ukubola kwezimpande.
Ukutshala imbewu ngaphandle kokukhetha kwenziwa ezinkomishini ezincanyana ze-peat ezihlanganiswe ebhlokini. Zigcwele umndeni womhlabathi, ushiya u-1 cm emaphethelweni, umhlabathi ochobozekile, wenze umgodi omncane wenzalo enkabeni. Ukuqinisekisa uma kwenzeka ukuhluma okungekuhle, abaningi babeka imbewu engu-2 yenalthi eyodwa kwezinkomishi.
Kuyinto elula ukutshala imbewu ezibhebheni ze-peat. Kwi-zinnia, ububanzi obukhulu buyi-4 mm. Imishini yokuwasha ngokuqondile enetheni elivikelayo ifakwa emanzini afudumele ihora. Ngemuva kwalokho, abekwa endaweni enezinhlangothi. Imbewu engu-2-3 itshalwa kuthebhulethi ngayinye. Ngemuva kokuhluma, ihlumela elinamandla kakhulu lishiywe. Esitsheni esinjalo, kufanelekile ukuhambisa izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukuhlwanyela ngendlela yendabuko kwenziwa ngendlela enkulu yokutshala. Ukwenza lokhu, yenza ama-grooves ajule ngo-5 mm. Babeka imbewu ebangeni le-2 cm, bathulule kahle inhlabathi, ufafaze ngomhlaba owomile. Baqinisa umthamo wokufika ngefilimu - bakha isimo sezulu sethropiki, bayihlanze endaweni efudumele izinsuku ezingama-4-7. Izitshalo azidingi kukhanya ngalesi sikhathi, zinisela futhi.
Amahlumela adalulwa endaweni ekhanyayo, ifilimu iyasuswa. Ukushisa okunconyelwe ukuhluma + 22 ... +24 ° ะก. Ukuphonswa kweziqukathi zokufika ngakunye kwenziwa ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amathathu agcwele. Kuyinto elula ukusebenzisa izinkomishi zamaphepha, zisontekile kusuka emaphephandabeni amadala, zifakwe emabhokisini epulasitiki, agcwele inhlabathi.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu endaweni abamba ukushisa kuyo
Uma izimo zesimo sezulu kanye nezokushisa zivumela, akunangqondo ukuthi uhlanganyele ekukhuliseni izithombo ekhaya. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-zinnia kwenziwa ku-greenhouse. Izinzuzo eziphambili zokutshala izithombo ezigcina ukushisa zingakhanyisa kahle kanye nokuqhakambisa izitshalo. Ngenkathi yesithwathwa, amahlumela avikelwe ngendwangu emhlophe engavuthi okwenziwe ngendwangu. I-Ultraviolet edingwa izitshalo idlula kuyo.
ICynium itshalwe ezitsheni ezihlukile noma emabhokisini. Imbewu ayinconywa ukuba itshalwe emhlabathini. Okokuqala, kungenzeka kube nezilokazane emhlabathini, kuzodingeka ukuthi ziphathwe. Okwesibili, umhlaba ngemuva kwamatamatisi namaqanda amaqanda, awulungele i-zinnia, izitshalo zinezifo ezifanayo. Okwesithathu, izithombo zezimbali ngeke ziphazamise ukulungiswa kwentwasahlobo kohlaza okutshala izitshalo ezithanda ukushisa.
Ukunakekela izithombo
Izitshalo zivame ukufakwa kuma-sill e-windows. Badinga indawo ekhanyiswe kahle, efudumele. Bazizwa belungile kunoma yiluphi uhlangothi lomhlaba, ngaphandle kwasenyakatho. Akukho ukukhanya okwenele kwakhe. Ngokuntuleka kwe-ultraviolet, izithombo ziqala ukweluka, isiqu sakha isimo esincane, esingazinzile. Kuyadingeka ukwandisa amahora okukhanya kwemini. Isipinashi kuzosiza ukonga ukuphunyula: susa ingxenye engenhla ngesikhupha se-disinfic noma ngesandla sakho. Izihlahla kwenziwa ezitshalweni ezigcwele, uma zifuna ukufezekisa ukwakheka kwamahlumela. Ngemuva kokuncineka, isiqu siqala ukuhlahlana: amahlumela agxekayo avela kumaqabunga eqabunga.
Izithombo ziphendula kahle ekugqokeni phezulu kwefoliar (bona imininingwane engezansi), ukufafaza ngamanzi. Bahlela ukugeza kusihlwa ukuze amaqabunga angashiswa yilanga - amaconsi amanzi asebenza njengelensi. Kanye ngesonto kutuswa ukwenza ukukhululeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amasiki okhuni noma izinyo. Ingaphezulu lenziwe ligcwaliswe ekujuleni okungadluli ku-1 cm ukuze kungalimali izimpande.
Emavikini ama-3 ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo ziyashiswa. Kwenziwa kuvulandi noma ithala uma umoya ufudumala ufike ku-+12 ° C. Qala ngemizuzu engama-20, kancane kancane wandise isikhawu. Kuzithombo eziqinisiwe, isiqu siba sikhulu, siyeke ukunwebeka, ngokushesha sikhula ngemuva kokufakelwa.
Izici zokunisela izithombo nokukhanyisa
UTsiniya akathandi amanzi amile, adinga ukuthambisa ngokulingana, hhayi ngaphezulu kwezihlandlo ezi-2 ngesonto. Ngezinsuku ezipholile, ukuchelela kufanele kuthathelwe indawo ngokufafaza inhlabathi. Ngokuvimbela ukubola kwezimpande njalo emavikini ama-3, ukwelashwa kokuvimbela komhlaba ngesixazululo esise-pink manganese kuyenziwa. Kusetshenziselwe ukuchelela uthepha noma amanzi ancibilikile. Uthayhelwa umsele wokunisela onethiphu elincane, othululelwa wona kanye empandeni.
Noma yimuphi umthombo wokukhanya ulungele ukukhanyisela, vele uwushiye isikhathi eside. Eduze kwesitshalo, ungafaka izibani ze-fluorescent noma ze-LED, azishisi kangako. Ibanga elincane lingama-60 cm. Kungcono ukwandisa amahora okukhanya kosuku ukuya emahoreni ayi-14. Ngemuva kwalokho isitshalo sizokhula ngokugcwele.
Yondla izithombo
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, izithombo zanele ukondla kabili. Esokuqala emva kwamasonto angama-2-2,5, esesibili - amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile. Umanyolo omningi akudingekile. Izitshalo zomndeni we-aster azithandi ukweqiwa kwezinto eziphilayo, i-nitrogen, ziqala ukulimala. Isitshalo sidinga i-potassium, siku-manganese, umlotha. Iphosphorus, i-superphosphate yengezelwa lokhu. Inketho enhle ukusebenzisa izingxube zezimbiwa ezenziwe ngomumo ze-ficus, citrus. Isixazululo silungiswa ngokuya ngemiyalo.
Okokugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-foliar, i-biostimulator ye- "Ovary" ilungile, iqukethe ama-amino acid, ivuselela ukuqhakaza okunyakazayo. Ungathatha indawo yokugqoka ehlelelwe phezulu ngefoliar, ufafaze isitshalo ngesisombululo samanyolo anzima, kepha umthamo wamanzi uphindwe kabili. Ukugqoka okunjalo phezulu kwenziwa ekuseni kakhulu, kuze kube yilanga lishisa kakhulu, noma lapho isitshalo sinethunzi. Amaqabunga ama-Wet elangeni awashiyi.
Uma isitshalo sikhula kwithebhulethi ye-peat, yandisa umthamo wokugqoka okuphezulu kwe-potassium. Ukuze wenze lokhu, chitha isipuni sokhuni lomlotha embizeni yelitha. Isixazululo sivunyelwe ukusifaka isonto lonke, emva kwalokho sifakwe ngamanzi 1: 1, bese kusetshenziswa isisombululo esilungiselelwe sokunisela. I-Ash ibuye ilungile ngoba ihlukanisa i-acidity yengxube ye-peat.
Ukukhetha izithombo
Ngaphambi kokutshala kokugcina, izithombo zivunyelwe ukukhuthaza izimo ezintsha. Uma bekungenakwenzeka ukwenza lukhuni izithombo ekhaya, bazikhiphela egodini lokugcina ukushisa noma ezifuyweni ezi-2 ngaphambi kokutshala, zimboze ebusuku ukuze zingaboli. Ngezinsuku ezifudumele bazikhiphela ngaphandle, bese zibashiya bayochitha ubusuku egcekeni lezimbali, okokuqala endaweni yokukhosela, bese ngaphandle kwabo. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kusiza ekuqothuleni ihlumela.
Kwakhiwa uhlelo olunezimpande olunamandla, ongeke wesabe izimo ezintsha. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlama yobumba yomile, enkulu ayithelwa. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuhlanganisa inhlabathi ezungeze izimpande.
Indlela yokufakelwa incike esitsheni lapho isitshalo sikhule khona. Inketho elula kakhulu ukuthi utshale i-zinnia kumathebhulethi we-peat. Kwanele ukususa i-mesh yokuqinisa kubo, udlulise imbali enhlabathini ukuze u-1 cm wenhlabathi ungaphezulu kwezinga lethebhulethi. Izinkomishi zepende nezamaphepha zisuswa ngaphandle kokulimaza i-coma yobumba, zisikwa ngobude kanye nobude bonke. Akunakwenzeka ukutshala isitshalo ephepheni kanye nenkomishi ye-peat; kuzoba nzima ngamahhashi ukuphuma. Inketho enzima kakhulu yokutshala lapho izitshalo zikhula endaweni eyodwa yokutshala. Inhlabathi ifakwe kahle, iguqulwe yaba iphalishi ukuze izitshalo zifinyeleleke ngaphandle kokulimala.
Lapho izithombo sezikulungele ukutshala, kwanele ukuyibeka emgodini olungiselelwe noma emseleni, ngokuya ngesakhiwo sebhedi imbali.
IZineas ibukeka kahle icula futhi iyiqembu. Okokufika, khetha indawo eboniswe kahle, ekhoselwe esigabeni somoya. Inhlabathi ye-Acidic phambilini ibisuswa i-oxidized, ichithwe nesixazululo somlotha kanye noshizi. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zikhula ziqhume, ibanga elincanyana phakathi kwezitshalo lingama-35 cm okungenani.
