Ngokubona komhlali wedolobha elikhulu, indawo engaphansi kwedolobha yindawo yokuhlala ipharadesi enendlu enhle, utshani obuluhlaza, imibhede yezimbali enamakha, umfula noma ichibi, imibhede ephukile kahle. Kepha imvamisa iqiniso lihlukile ngqo ezinganekwaneni, futhi uthola uzungu ngesigodi noma emaphethelweni egquma. Ungakhathazeki: ukuqiniswa kwesithambeka esifanele nomhlobiso we-landscape kuzoxazulula zonke izinkinga.
Uma waba ngumnikazi wendlu yezwe enendawo ethile engalingani, kufanele ujike nezimanga ezingezinhle uma usendaweni enhle. Okokuqala udinga ukukhumbula izinzuzo zesiza esingajwayelekile:
- Ukumiswa kwemvula kunoma iyiphi insimu enomthambeko ayihlanganisiwe ngokuphelele.
- Indiza ephendukele elangeni ikhanya kahle, ngakho-ke izitshalo nemifino yokuhlobisa izothuthukisa ngokushesha emthambekeni, ikakhulukazi ukusuka ohlangothini oluseningizimu.
- Ukuma komhlaba okungajwayelekile kuyithuba eliyingqayizivele lomklamo wokuqala wensimu yomuntu siqu.
- Usizakala ngezinto zokusiza zemvelo, awudingi ukufaka ngqo izakhiwo ukwakha i-waterfall, i-Cascade noma igquma le-alpine.
Khumbula imali Ezitshalweni ezitshalwe emthambekeni, kuzodingeka ukuchelela okuvamisile, ngoba amanzi ngeke aqhubeke nokuhlala emhlabathini. Abathandi be-lawn bebengathandeki - kunzima impela ukufeza ukhaphethi oyisilima endizeni ethambekele. Indawo engavunyelwe ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa izinto ezengeziwe ezisebenzayo, isibonelo, ibala lokudlala noma indawo yokuphumula yokuphumula, futhi futhi akukho bhenki noma itafula kuyo. Futhi okususa okuyinhloko izindleko ezengeziwe zokuqinisa imithambeka nemithambeka, ukuthuthukiswa, ukufakwa kwemibhede noma imibhede yezimbali.
Ngakho-ke manje usungangena ebhizinisini.
Ngokuvamile, ukukhetha okulungile kwendlela yokuqinisa kuyadingeka ukuthi unake ezinye izinto:
- ukwakheka kwenhlabathi;
- izinga lokukhetha;
- umakhelwane wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba;
- amathuba okulimala kwemvelo: ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukugoqa umoya, ukuchitha.
Ake sithi ukutshala kwanele endaweni enomthambeka omnene, ozolungisa inhlabathi ngezimpande zawo bese kumiswa inqubo yokubhujiswa. Imithambeka emaweni idinga indlela ebucayi kakhulu: kuphela izakhiwo ezenziwe ngokukhethekile kusuka kuma-biomats, ama-gabion, amatshe, amabhlokhi kakhonkolo, ama-geogrid angavimbela ukuchitha. Ngemuva kokukhetha okubalulekile, kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi indawo yokusebenza ngqo nokwenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela.
Ngisho nemithambeka ebheke kakhulu ingashintshwa ibe yinsimu yamatshe enhle ngokubeka izindonga ngamathayili amahle okuhlobisa, nezindlela eziseduze kwakhe ngamatshe abunjiwe.
Akudingekile ukwenza ukwakheka okuqinisayo kohlobo olufanayo noma ungqimba olulodwa: izakhiwo ngesimo sezitebhisi noma i-terrace ezibukwayo zandisa indawo
Indlela yemvelo: ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo
Uma i-angle yokuthambekela ingeqi ama-8-10 degree, khona-ke izitshalo: izihlahla, izihlahlana, izimbali notshani kufanelekile ukuqinisa ikhava yenhlabathi. Izimpande zazo eziguqukayo zingena shí enhlabathini, bese zivikela ekuqhekekeni nasekuguguleni komhlaba. Izimpande zezihlahla ezinamandla kakhulu, kepha ukutshala yonke indawo emthambeka ngezitshalo ezinkulu akunangqondo. Izingoma zezizihlahla eziphansi ezima eceleni nezihlahla zibukeka zikhange kakhulu. Ukuze kudwetshwe umphetho noma umgodi, umshanelo, i-elderberry, i-viburnum, i-quince yaseJapan, i-scoopia, i-barberry, i-cotoneaster, inja rose ifanelwe kahle.
Ukukhululeka okungavunyelwe kukuvumela ukuthi udale ubuciko bangempela bokuhlobisa: inhlanganisela yamatshe ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, imibala esebenzayo namanzi agelezayo abukeka ngaphezu kokumangalisa
Izimbali eziqhakaza ngasikhathi sinye zisebenza njengezinto zokuhlobisa, njengezitshalo ezinamahlumela amade nezimbali eziqhakazayo, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhuphuka kwama roses. I-cocktail ekhanyayo kakhulu yezitshalo ezikhuphukayo akufanele yakhiwe, izinhlobo ezi-1-2 ezinokuqhakaza zinele. Izitshalo ezimboze isembozo zilungele ukuhlobisa indawo engenamanzi. I-Periwinkle, umhlanga woboya, i-ivy, i-sunflower yakha ukhaphethi obukhulu, osebenza njengendawo yasemuva yezinhlobo ezinkulu.
Izitshalo ezimboze ikhava ziyindlela enhle yokuqinisa imithambeka emnene, nangosizo lokwehlukahlukana kwemibala kanye nomehluko ukuphakama - fihla iziphako ezincane zosizo
Indawo engalingani enezindawo eziphakeme, izisekelo nemidwebo yokuthola okutholakele kungukutholwa kwangempela kwabathandi bamagquma nasezintabeni. Ukusuka ngamatshe ambalwa, izihlahla ze-coniferous nezinhlobo eziningana zezimbali, bayakwazi ukudala isimangaliso sangempela, umhlobiso wanoma yiliphi i-cottage ehlobo. Ukuphela kwento okudingeka uyinakekele ngaphambi kokuhlela ingadi yezimbali ukudala izimo ezikhulayo, okungukuthi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthambisa njalo.
Izindlela zokwenziwa zokuqinisa
Ukwakha ithambeka ngezitshalo kubhekwa njengendlela yemvelo yokuvikela ekuchitheni, yize ukuqiniswa kwesithambeka esakhiweni nakho kungavela ngokwenzekile - kusetshenziswa amatshe, izingodo nezinhlaka ezenziwe ngezinto ezenziwe nge-polymeric.
Izinto ze-Geoplastics ku-landscaping nazo zizosebenza: //diz-cafe.com/vopros-otvet/planirovka/geoplastika-v-landshaftnom-dizajne.html
Ukugcina izindonga zenziwe ngezinto eziqinile nezitebhisi - izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuqinisa nokuhlobisa okuhambisanayo kwemithambeka kumakamelo ehlobo
Inketho # 1 - uthango lwamatshe noma lwamatshe
Izingcingo eziklanywe ngobuciko ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukahlukene ziyanqanda kahle noma iyiphi indawo yokuthamba. Amatshe noma izinto zokhuni zibekwa ngaphandle kwithambeka, kugcinwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene: ukusebenzisa usimende noma ukulungisa umhlabathi (ukungcwaba emhlabathini). Izilayidi zamatshe amgodi, ama-cobblestones, idwala le-shell, izingcezu ze-granite zifakwa odongeni, futhi izingxenye zokhuni zibekwa ngesitebhisi noma uthango.
I-athikili esihlokweni: Ukugcina izindonga kusimo sendawo: kusuka kuliphi futhi kanjani “ama-backups” amahle angenziwa?
Inketho # 2 - Izici zokubeka kwama-geotextiles
Imithambeka emaweni kunzima ukuyiqinisa ngendlela yemvelo, ngokutshala izihlahla noma utshani. Kulokhu, i-geotextile - impahla eminyene eyenziwe ngemicu ye-polyester noma ye-polypropylene elonga amanzi futhi enezinto eziqinile zamandla, ziyonga. Ucezu lwendwangu luyadonswa phezulu, luhlanganiswe kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ezinezikhonkwane, bese luhlotshisiwe. Ngomhlobiso, itshe lemvelo noma uthayela luhambisana kahle nezimbali ezitshalwe ungqimba lomhlabathi oluvundile.
Izikhonkwane lapho izingqimba ze-geotextile zibanjelwe khona kufanele zisuswe ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kabusha ngenhlabathi - okungahleliwe kungasuswa kalula uma kunesidingo
Inketho # 3 - geomats nama-biomats
Zombili lezi zinhlobo zokumboza inhlabathi zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela ngempumelelo okuphezulu komhlaba ngokuthambekela okufika ku-45% (ezinye izinhlobo zama-geomats - kuze kube ngu-70%) lapho utshala izitshalo. Ama-biomats enziwa ngokhuni noma ngemicu yotshani enamathiselwe ungqimba lwe-cellulosic. Ama-Geomats anezinto eziningi ezahlukahlukene zokusongwa kwe-polypropylene. Uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo alukhuli masinyane, ngakho-ke ukuze umhlabathi uzinze ngokushesha, izakhiwo ezigciniweyo ziyaqala ukubekwa, bese izitshalo sezitshaliwe phezu kwazo.
Ama-biomats anezinzuzo ezimbili ezibalulekile: ukufakwa kwezitshalo okuphezulu kwezinyanga ezi-2 nokukhiqizwa kwenhlabathi okuyingxenye ngenxa yokubola kokuthile
Ama-Geomats ayinto ebonakalayo futhi engabizi kakhulu enezinzuzo eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukufakwa okulula, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokuqina
Izinto ezigoqiwe zibekwe phezu kobuso bonke bethambeka, ucezu ngalunye lufakwa endaweni ezungezile, kuthi kutshalwe utshani noma izimbali. Isakhiwo esingaxhunyiwe ku-fibrous sivumela imbewu ukuthi ifinyelele ngaphansi kwegagasi futhi iqhume, bese kamuva yakha ukhaphethi obukhulu onesendlalelo sokuqinisa esingabonakali.
Inketho # 4 - isibonelo sinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokufaka i-geogrid
Ukuqinisa indawo encane kungaphakathi kwamandla ngisho nomqambi wezindawo ezingama-novice, ngamanye amazwi, umnikazi wekhaya. Uma kukhona isigodi esincane noma umsele onemithambeka ewohlokayo, ungasebenzisa i-voluminous geogrid - idizayini yamathayela yesimanje se-polymer.
Ngokugcwalisa amaseli wejogidi ngomhlabathi wezitshalo, ungalungiselela umhlabathi omuhle kakhulu wokutshala izimbali ezigobile noma ezakhiwe, utshani obunotshani, izihlahla ezincane
Uma indlu yezwe noma indlu yokugezela imi emaphethelweni esisekelo, khona-ke igeogid eqiniswe ngetshe elimnandi yindlela enhle yokwenza isithiyo ekubhujisweni kancane kancane kwithambeka
Izinto ezifakwe kuhlanganisiwe zifana negridi enamaseli amakhulu, agcwele izinto zokwakha ezisindayo: itshe elichotshoziwe, isihlabathi, ukhonkolo noma umhlabathi onempilo wokutshala.
Ngemuva kokuqinisa imithambeka yomabili yomgodi onqamula ekotishi lasehlobo, ungakha umfula wamatshe wangempela noma i-rockery engajwayelekile ngezitshalo ze-coniferous nemibhede yezimbali
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuqinisa, kuyadingeka ukulungisa inhlabathi: susa izitshalo ezinkulu, izinga futhi uhlanganise inhlabathi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kunezinketho ezimbili zokubeka i-geogrid: kuma-geotextiles noma ngqo emhlabathini. Esimweni sokuqala, i-geotextile isatshalaliswa kubo bonke ububanzi bethambeka, edlala indima yesendlalelo sokudonsa, bese kubekwa igridi ngaphezulu. Inketho yesibili ibandakanya ukufakwa ngqo kwegridi - ngokushesha endaweni okuhlanziwe kuyo.
Imithambeka enesihlabathi noma amanye amatshe odaka, aqala ukubhoboka ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya nemvula, angaphansi kokubhujiswa okukhethekile.
Amaseli weGeogrid kufanele abekwe eceleni komthambeka. Umgomo oyisisekelo wokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo: ngokunqenqema kwethambeka, ebanzi ibhande. Ingxenye yethenisi ilulwe ngezindlela ezihlukile futhi ilungiswe eceleni komngcele ngezinsika noma ngezikhonkwane ezihlelelwe ngokukhethekile.
Emithambekeni emincane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziyomile lapho kudingeka khona amanzi, kudingeka i-geogid eyodwa - azikho izinto zokufaka ezidingayo
Amaseli ambozwe ngogravel (isihlabathi) noma inhlabathi ngaphansi kwefudu. Uma amacebo afaka ukutshala izimbali, inhlabathi kufanele ivunde futhi ivundiswe.
Ukugcwalisa i-grate ngenhlabathi noma ngesihlabathi, ungasebenzisa izimoto zokwakha, isondo lamavili engadi noma ibhakede nje ngefosholo
Lokhu kungenye yezinketho ezilula zokuqinisa umfula ezweni. Njengoba uvule umcabango futhi usebenzise enye yezindlela zokuhlobisa, ungaphenduka umgwaqo ojwayelekile ogoqekayo ungene engadini yezimbali - enhle neyasekuqaleni.
