Abalimi abaningi bakhulisa u-anyanisi emibhedeni yabo. Ngeshwa, le imifino enempilo ngesinye isikhathi ibangela inkathazo kubanikazi bayo. Enye yezimpawu zesimo sokungasebenzi kahle kwe-anyanisi ukupenda amaqabunga. Ngaphambi kokuthola ukwelashwa, kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela yalesi sifo ngokufanele: ingabangelwa izilokazane nezifo, isimo sezulu esibi noma ukunakekelwa okungahambi kahle. Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi kunoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kunokwelashwa okusebenzayo!
Izimbangela zika-anyanisi ophuzi
I-anyanisi ivuthwe ekwindla, ngakho-ke ukuphuzi ekugcineni kuka-Agasti yinto ejwayelekile yomzimba. Kepha uma izimpaphe eziluhlaza ziqala ukuphenduka ziphuzi entwasahlobo noma ehlobo - lokhu kuwuphawu lokuthuthuka okungafanele kwesiko.
Izizathu zale nto engathandeki zingahluka kakhulu. Amathiphu ezimpaphe asheshe aphuzi aphuzi esimweni sezulu esibi, kokubili kushisa kakhulu futhi kunemvula ngokweqile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-anyanisi angahle aphuzi ngenxa yokondla okungafanele; ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane nezifo ezithile.
Ngokuya ngalezi zizathu, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulwa no-anyanisi ophuzi.
Kungani u-anyanisi ephenduka ophuzi - ividiyo
Okufanele ukwenze uma isizathu sokuphuzi yizimo zezulu
Izimo zesimo sezulu ziyimbangela engalindeleki kakhulu yezinkinga zokugoba okungenzeka. Ngisho abalimi abanolwazi kakhulu abakwazi ukubikezela kusengaphambili ukuthi isimo sezulu sizoshintsha kanjani.
Kuphakama kuphela okugcina ukushisa okungaqinisekisa ukuvikeleka ekushintsheni komswakama nasezingeni lokushisa - kuwo izimpaphe zika-anyanisi ziyohlala ziluhlaza
Anyanisi akhule ku-abamba ukushisa ngokuvamile musa phuzi
Uma ukhula u-anyanisi emhlabathini ovulekile, udinga ukubheka ngokucophelela uhlobo lokuchelela. Isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile, amathiphu anyanisi angajika aphuzi ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukunisela masinyane ukutshala bese unisela zonke izinsuku ezingama-3-4 ngesikhathi somile.
Anyanisi adinga ukuthambisa njalo ngamanzi afudumele
I-anyanisi ngokuvamile ithanda ukuthambisa njalo. Ukuze ugweme kuphuzi, izitshalo ezincane (isikhathi sokuvela kwamahlumela namaqabunga amadala) kufanele ziniselwe izikhathi ezi-2 ngesonto, bese kuthi izikhathi ezingaba ngu-5 ngenyanga (uma isimo sezulu singekho omile kakhulu).
Ukunisela u-anyanisi, akunconywa ukusebenzisa amanzi abandayo kahle: kufanele aqoqwe kusengaphambili futhi ashiywe ukuze kubhakwe elangeni.
Izinga lokunisela ngu-6-8 l / m2. Ngemuva kokulinda inhlabathi yomile kancane ngemuva kokunisela, qiniseka ukuyithukulula.
Esikhathini sezulu esinezimvula nokunisela ngokweqile, amarotshi anyanisi avela enjelweni. Lapho isiqu siphenduka siphuzi, lokhu kusho ukuthi isibani sesivele sonakalisiwe futhi asisakwazi ukusisindisa - kungcono ukumba ngokushesha zonke izitshalo ezonakele.
Ongakwenza uma u-anyanisi entula izakhamzimba
Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo kungenye yezimbangela eziphambili zokuphuza i-anyanisi. Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen kuthinta ukubukeka ikakhulukazi (u-anyanisi afunwa ikakhulukazi kokuqukethwe kwawo emhlabathini). Ukukhula kwamaqabunga kwehla, ngesimo baba amafushane futhi awugqinsi, ekuqaleni kuluhlaza okotshani bese kuba ophuzi. Uma izinyathelo zingathathwanga ngesikhathi, izimpaphe ziyokoma, bese ama ngemuva kwalokho aqhamuke nazo.
Lapho kuvela izimpawu ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukufaka ngokushesha umanyolo we-nitrogen enhlabathini. Ukugqoka okuhle okuphezulu kuyisisombululo somanyolo we-organic kanye ne-mineral: 1 inkomishi ye-mullein noma ukumiselwa kwenkukhu kanye ne-1 isipuni se-urea sithathwa ebhakedeni lamanzi.
Khumbula ukuthi ama-pathogens wezifo fungal angangena enhlabathini kanye nomanyolo we-organic.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-nitrogen iyinto ebaluleke kunazo zonke yokudla kwe-anyanisi, ukweqisa kwayo kungaholela emiphumeleni eyinhlekelele - ama bul bola emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenzisa umanyolo we-nitrogenous, kuyadingeka ukunamathela kumthamo onconyelwe lolu hlobo oluhlukahlukene.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia ngokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen
I-Amoni alcohol i-ammonia, noma kunalokho, isisombululo sayo sokuhlushwa kwe-10%. I-nitrogen ikhona ngokwakhiwa kwayo, ngakho-ke i-ammonia ilungele ngokuphelele ukondla u-anyanisi, ikakhulukazi ngoba isisombululo se-ammonia simunca kahle izitshalo. Kuliqiniso, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia kuyinzuzo ebiza kakhulu, kepha uma kungekho ezinye izinto ezifanele, kuzosiza ukubhekana nenkinga yama-anyanisi aphuzi.
Ukondla u-anyanisi, i-ammonia ihlanjululwe emanzini (55-60 ml ngo-8-10 l) kanti imibhede iyaniselwa (kungcono ukukwenza lokhu kusihlwa).
Yondla u-anyanisi nge-ammonia - ividiyo
Ngaphezu kokuhlinzeka ngokudla kwe-anyanisi, i-ammonia ithuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi futhi isize ukunciphisa i-acidity yayo. Enye inzuzo yaleli thuluzi iphunga elixakile elithusa cishe noma yiziphi izinambuzane.
Ngokuya kombhali (osekelwa ngumbono wakhe), isihluthulelo sempumelelo yokukhula u-anyanisi ukutshala enhlabathini evundile. Uma usebenza kanzima ekwindla ulungiselela umbhede wengadi (ukufaka kuwo imisele yenkukhu ebolile noma i-mullein uyigaye kahle), bese usuthisa okutshale kathathu phakathi nenkathi, khona-ke awuzukudinga ukulwa nokuphuzi kwempaphe. Ngendlela, ukugqoka phezulu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngesikhathi samaqabunga akhulayo, futhi ezinyangeni ezimbili ngaphambi kokuvuna, yeka ngokuphelele ukumquba.
Ungabhekana kanjani nokuphuzi okubangelwa izilokazane
Yize ijusi layo livutha, u-anyanisi uvame ukuba “yisisulu” sezilokazane ezahlukahlukene, ezingadala ukuthi zingaphephuli izimpaphe kuphela, kodwa futhi nokufa kwesitshalo. Ababhubhisi abasebenza kakhulu be-anyanisi yizimpukane ze-anyanisi, amabhu anyanisi, ama-anyanisi thrips, i-cryptocephalus (weevil), i-stem nematode.
I-anyanisi indiza
Lesi sinambuzane ngokubukeka sifana nempukane ejwayelekile. Ikhiqiza kabusha ngo-Ephreli - Meyi, lapho imifino ye-anyanisi ikhula. Impukane ibeka amaqanda ngaphezulu kwesiqu, emhlabathini oseduze kwezitshalo nangaphansi kwamaqabunga. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-8-10, kuvela izibungu ezincane ezimhlophe ezingena zingene esibhalweni zidle izikali. Izitshalo ezithintekile zehlisa ukukhula, ziphenduke ophuzi, uthande, bese ekugcineni zoma amaqabunga.
Ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ingabe impukane iyimbangela yokuphuzi, udinga ukumba umhlaba ubone ukuthi ngabe kukhona izibungu ezimhlophe ku-bulb.
Ukuphapha u-anyanisi kungenye yezinambuzane ezivamile ze-anyanisi.
Ukuvimbela ukulimala impukane, izinto zokutshala kumele zifakwe emanzini ngesixazululo se-potanganum permanganate. Ukulawula inkathazo, ungaphatha imibhede ngeMukhode, Aktapoy, Kreotsidom PRO noma Kapate Zeon. Kuliqiniso, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kunganciphisa ikhwalithi yesilimo.
Kukhona amakhambi abantu okulawulwa kwezinambuzane:
- izaqathe noma iparsley etshalwe eduze kwemibhede ye-anyanisi: iphunga labo lixosha i-anyanisi fly;
- ukusebenzisa ingxube yomlotha nogwayi, upelepele kanye nesinaphi emhlabathini ukuvimbela umonakalo;
- pollinate ukutshala ngenhlanganisela (ngamasheya alinganayo) womlotha nothuli lwentuthu. Ungathela imibhede ngokufaka ugwayi (u-0,2 kg kagwayi okudingayo ukuthi uthele amalitha angu-2,5 wamanzi ashisayo bese ugcizelela izinsuku ezi-3, bese uletha ivolumu ngamalitha ayi-10), lapho kuhlanganiswa khona isipuni esingu-1 sensipho yokuwasha kanye nopelepele obomvu ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa;
- ukuchelela inhlabathi ngesisombululo sikasawoti nge-ammonia (200 g kasawoti ne-ammonia encane kuyoncibilika ebhakedeni lamanzi). Lesi sixazululo asisebenzi kahle emhlabathini, ngakho-ke akufanele sisetshenziswe kaningi. Ungasebenzisa nje isixazululo se-ammonia, esilungiselelwe ngendlela efanayo nasokondleni: athelwa amanzi phakathi kwemigqa ngezikhathi zomsebenzi omkhulu we-anyanisi fly (kabili ngoJuni futhi kabili ngoJulayi). Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, umhlaba udinga ukukhululwa kancane.
Ukususa izimpukane ze-anyanisi, umbhali usebenzise ngempumelelo ingxube yomlotha (inkomishi 1), upelepele omnyama noma obomvu (1 isipuni) kanye neshagi (1 isipuni). Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kudinga impova yemibhede. Ngaphambi kokucutshungulwa, wonke amaqabunga aphuzi asuswa ngokuphelele.
Nematode
Uma amaqabunga akho anyanisi egcotshwa futhi embozwe ngemithambo ephuzi, lapho-ke cishe uyothola i-nematode ezihlangeni - izibungu ezimhlophe njengezintambo. Amunca ujusi kusuka eziqu, angene ngesibabule, abangele ukuqhekeka nokubola kwangaphansi kwawo. Kunzima ukususa i-nematode - ingahlala emhlabathini iminyaka eminingi.
Amacembe athinteka yi-nematode awonakalisiwe.
Ukuvimbela ukulimala, ukutshala ngokucophelela impahla (amanzi ashisayo ekushiseni kwe-40-45 mayelanaC, bese kuba nesixazululo esinosawoti esinamandla imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20), futhi ekwindla (ngemuva kokuvunwa) phatha inhlabathi ngeHeterophos, Carbathion noma iTiazon. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le mishanguzo inobuthi futhi isikhathi sokulinda ngemuva kokusebenzisa okungenani izinyanga eziyi-2.
Kumakhambi abantu wokulwa ne-nematode afaka:
- ukutshala ama-marigolds noma ama-marigold ezindaweni zokwenza izinto (imikhiqizo yawo eguquguqukayo idambisa izinambuzane);
- ukugqoka imibhede nge-tincture yama-marigolds: izitshalo ezihlanganisiwe ngommese zifakwa ebhakedeni (zigcwalisa ngesigamu), zithululelwe amanzi afudumele kumadigri angama-50 futhi zishiywe ngaphansi kwesembozo izinsuku ezimbili;
- ukondla nge-ammonium sulfate (ingxenye yokuqala kaJuni) - 2 wezipuni zomuthi ziyaqunjelwa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi nokunisela imibhede ngesilinganiso esingu-4-5 l / m2;
- ukuchelela ngesisombululo sikasawoti (ingilazi kasawoti omileyo kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi).
Isiqu sesode - ividiyo
I-anyanisi inundu
I-anyanisi moth ibukeka ifana nezinye izinhlobo zamabhu. Lesi sinambuzane siyasebenza lapho isimo sezulu sifudumele futhi somile. Imothi ibeka amaqanda emhlabathini eduze kwama-bulbs. Izibungu ezivelayo zihlasela amaqabunga ziququde ngaphakathi. Izimpaphe zo-anyanisi othintekile zishintsha umbala bese zome kuqala engxenyeni engenhla, bese kuba ngokuphelele. Igagasi lokuqala lokunqotshwa libonwa ngoMeyi - Juni.
I-anyanisi izibungu zihlasela amaqabunga
Ezindlela zamakhemikhali zokuvikela Metaphos noSpark bayasebenza. Kwezindlela zabantu, ukucubungulwa ngomlotha, uthuli lwethwayi, ugalikhi noma ukufakwa kwegwayi kuyathandwa.
I-anyanisi noma ugwayi
I-anyanisi (ugwayi) i-thrips nayo ivame ukudala i-anyanisi aphuzi. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane (ezincane), njengama-aphid, zincela izijusi zesitshalo. Zihlala phezulu enhlabathini namabhule, ukuze zibonakale nasezindaweni ezikhiqizwe kahle.
Naphezu kosayizi wayo omncane, ama-thrips angadala umonakalo omkhulu.
Ukuvimbela, ama-anyanisi isethi kufanele aphathwe ngamanzi ashisayo (imizuzu eyi-10-12), abhajwe emanzini apholile. Uma kutholakala ukutheleleka kwezitshalo emibhedeni, ukwelashwa ngeSpark neConfidor kuzosiza.
Ukuhlola (nokunciphisa) izinga lokutheleleka nge-thrips, izicupho ezinamathela zingafakwa emibhedeni. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi isisekelo sephepha labo siphuzi noma luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - le mibala iheha izinambuzane. Uma ukutheleleka kungenamandla kakhulu, ungasebenzisa ezinye izindlela zomzabalazo:
- phatha izitshalo ngegalikhi noma nge-anyanisi ukumnika (uthele isipuni sezinto ezingavuthiwe ezichichaziwe ngengilazi yamanzi ashisayo bese ugcizelela usuku);
- kusetshenziselwa ukucubungula ukumiliselwa ugwayi, iminyaka engama-36 futhi kuxutshwe ngaphambi kokusebenzisa kabili;
- fafaza okutshalwe phansi nge-decoction yamapomegranile omisiwe, amakhasi wethanga ne-tangerine (0,2 kg), yarrow (70-80 g), upelepele obomvu womhlabathi (i-g g ka-11) no-Garlic ochotshoziwe.
I-anyanisi weevil (isibungu esifihlayo)
Izibungu ze-Weevil zondla izimpaphe zika-anyanisi eziluhlaza okotshani. Isibonakaliso sokuqala somonakalo ukufakwa kwempuphu, bese ukubuna kwayo nokufa kwesitshalo. Uma ungazibandakanyi empini ngendlela yesikhathi, ingadi yonke ingafa. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole ngokucophelela okutshalwe lapho: uma imivimbo ivela ezimpaphe eziluhlaza, usike izimpaphe - ngokunokwenzeka, izibungu ze-weevil ezifihlwe lapho. Umenzeli olawula amakhemikhali yiKarbofos, okufanele ifafazwe ngamapulani (khona-ke u-anyanisi oluhlaza akufanele uthathwe amasonto ama-2-3).
Ezinye izindlela zokubhekana ne-weevil yilezi:
- ukuqoqwa kwamabhungane;
- Ukunisela imibhede ngesisombululo se-ammonia (50 ml ye-ammonia ngebhakede lamanzi) njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kusukela maphakathi noJuni;
- ukuvuna nokushisa yonke imfucuza yezitshalo kusuka embhedeni ekwindla;
- ukufafazwa kwemibhede entwasahlobo ngomlotha, upelepele womhlabathi noma lwesinaphi.
Izifo ezikhunta ze-anyanisi
Kwezifo ze-anyanisi, i-yellowing ivame ukubangelwa izifo ezibangelwa ukhunta: ukubola komhlaba, fusarium, nokugqwala. Indlela eyinhloko yokuvimbela ukukhethwa ngokucophelela kwesethi enempilo futhi ukuyifaka emanzini ashisayo noma kasawoti. Indawo ebanjwayo kufanele ibe yilanga futhi ingene umoya. Umswakama omningi womhlabathi akumele ubekezelelwe, kanti izinambuzane ezivame ukuthwala izifo ziyadingeka. Akuyona indawo yokugcina ekuvinjelweni kwezifo ukujikeleza kwezitshalo.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyelulekwa ukwelapha indawo nge-HOM - khona-ke amathuba okubonakala kwempuphu ephuzi ancishisiwe.
Akukalulekanga ukuthi uphathe izitshalo ezinesifo ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane, ngoba emva kwazo awukwazi ukudla udosi isikhathi eside. Ungasebenzisa i-Trichodermin (ekumiseni okungu-10 g / l komthungo ofakwe ngemithi), kanye neFitosporin-M noma i-Gamair (amapulazi afafazwa ngale mithi). Lezi fungicides ziyimikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo futhi azilimazi impilo yabantu.
Isebenza ngempumelelo ngokumelene nokuphuzi kwempaphe ebangelwa izifo, i-metronidazole. Ngesixazululo samathebhulethi amabili nge-5 amalitha amanzi, udinga ukunisela imibhede (ejwayelekile 4-6 l / m2).
Ukuvimbela anyanisi ophuzi
Esikhundleni sokunquma imbangela yokuphuzi kwe-anyanisi, ukukhetha izidakamizwa ezifanele futhi uqede inkinga, kungcono ukungavumeli isimo esinjalo. Uma uhlakulela inhlabathi ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, ngokuncintisana kwamanzi futhi ukondle futhi ulwe nezilokazane njalo, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi kuphuzi kungenzeka (ngaphandle kwesimo sezulu esingesihle). Ngokuvimbela, kufanele uhambisane nale mithetho elandelayo:
- njalo ngonyaka ekwindla, ngemuva kokuvuna ngokuphelele, kufanele ugaye ngokucophelela indawo leyo. Ukujula kokucubungula akufanele kube ngaphansi kobude be-bayonet yefosholo;
- qaphela ukujikeleza kwezilimo - u-anyanisi ongatshalwa endaweni efanayo kuphela isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyi-4, okusanhlamvu kufiseleka njengesandulelo;
- ekutshaleni, sebenzisa kuphela izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokutshala futhi uzilungiselele kahle (zifudumele futhi zomile ngaphambi kokutshala);
- ukungafaki izifo, gciwane inhlabathi nge-sulfate yethusi ngaphambi nje kokutshala (1 isipuni ngebhakede lamanzi);
- zalisa ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nezincomo: Imithamo eyedlulele yamanyolo iyingozi nje ngamanani amancane kakhulu;
- qinisekisa ukuthambisa okufanele: kufanele kube njalo, kepha kube ngokulinganayo;
- Ukuqeda i-foci yesifo, susa zonke izitshalo ezinesifo noma ezinesifo ezinambuzaneni eziyingozi uzishise.
Izimpaphe eziphuziwe zika-anyanisi - umbono ongathandeki kumgcini wegadi. Kodwa-ke, ukubheka imithetho elula yobuchwepheshe bezolimo cishe njalo kuyasiza ukuvikela le nkathazo, futhi uma kwenzeka, kukhona njalo indlela yokubuyisa impilo yemibhede ye-anyanisi.
