Isikhathi esifanelekile sokutshala utshani bengadi

Uma imibhede ye-sitrobheli ingadi yakho isivele ineminyaka emithathu noma emine ubudala, kufanele uvuselele ukutshala. Izitshalo ziyaguga, izilokazane nezifo ziqongelela phezu kwazo, isivuno siyancipha, ikhwalithi yamajikijolo iyawohloka, ubukhulu bawo buyancipha. Noma mhlawumbe uhlela ukutshala indlovukazi yamajikijolo kuphela. Ngemuva kwalokho, amathiphu wokutshala nokuvuselela ukulima isitshalo se-sitrobheli kuzokusiza ukuthi ukhule isivuno esimnandi ngaphandle kobunzima obuningi.

Ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele sokutshala ama-sitrobheli engadini

Ama-Strawberry akhula kuzo zonke izindawo zezithelo ezikhula eRussia. Kwenziwe kusukela ngekhulu le-18. Endle, ama-sitrobheli asendle abaziwa isikhathi eside, isiko lengadi lalesi bhele latholakala ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kabusha kwezinhlobo ezimbili zama-sitrobheli wasendle - iNingizimu neNyakatho Melika. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-sitrobheli engadi abizwa ngephutha abizwa ngokuthi ama-sitrobheli, yize ama-sitrobheli evela kolunye uhlobo lwasendle lwama-sitrobheli. Njengamanje, ukutshalwa kwe-sitrobheli emasimini wezimboni nasemapulazini azimele kunqunyelwe.

Ama-strawberry engadi (ama-sitrobheli) akhona cishe kunoma iyiphi ingadi

Kunemibono ehlukene yabalimi mayelana nesikhathi sokutshala utshani bensimu. Kunini lapho kungcono ukutshala izithombo nokufakelwa kwezihlahla zabantu abadala - entwasahlobo noma ekwindla? Akunampendulo eqondile yalo mbuzo, ngoba isikhathi sokufika sincike ezintweni eziningi. Lezi yizimo zezulu lesifunda esikhulayo, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ukuphakama kwesembozo seqhwa sasebusika, ubusika obufudumele noma obukhulu kakhulu, amathuba okuthi ubusika buvele buvele ngokuzuma, njll.

Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zama-sitrobheli wasengadini athela izithelo iminyaka engama-3-4, bese aqeda amandla omsoco womhlabathi nokutshala kudingeka kuvuselelwe. Ama-sitrobheli angapheli futhi angathathi hlangothi ngosuku (u-Elizabeth II, Tributes, Brighton, Garland, njll) kufanele aguqulwe kaningi kakhulu - ngemuva kweminyaka emibili. Izitshalo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zithela izithelo kaningana ngonyaka, ngenxa yalokho, zisebenzisa amandla azo ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ziyaguga. Ngonyaka wesithathu, ukukhiqizwa kwabo sekunciphisiwe kakhulu, amajikijolo amancane, futhi isitshalo esidala sizonikeza amadevu omncane.

U-Yulia Babenko, umlimi we-amateur, iVoronezh

Iphephabhuku Lasekhaya, Nombolo 3, 2010

Ama-Strawberry angatshalwa kokubili entwasahlobo nangesikhathi sehlobo-ekwindla.

Izinzuzo ezingabazeki zokutshala ihlobo:

• ithuba lokuthola isivuno sezithelo ezinkulu ekuqaleni kwehlobo elilandelayo;
• Ukukhetha okuningi okubanzi kwezinhlobo ezinkulisa kunasentwasahlobo.

Uma ama-sitrobheli atshalwe ehlobo ukuthola amajikijolo nezithombo ezisetshenzisiwe ezitshalweni zawo zesibeletho, khona-ke udinga ukukhetha ama-rosette okuqala anamandla kakhulu ekuqaleni kwawo. Bazothatha izimpande, babe nesikhathi sokubeka izimbali futhi bajabulise isivuno.

Ukuthola isivuno esivulekile sama-sitrobheli wasengadini, izithombo kufanele zitshalwe ngesikhathi esihle sonyaka

Ukufika kokufika kwehlobo-ekwindla:

• izinsuku zisashisa impela futhi zinelanga, udinga ukunaka kakhulu ukunqatshelwa kwezitshalo ezisencane nokunisela;
• amahlahla sitrobheli atshalwe emva kuka-Agasti 20 asisenaso isikhathi sokubeka izimbali zezimbali ngesilinganiso esifanele nangekhwalithi enhle. Isilimo sizoba, kepha singabalulekanga, ukunambitheka nosayizi wamajikijolo kungenzeka kungagculisi;
• ematfuba ezitshalo eziwela ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi ebusika ngaphandle kweqhwa liphezulu, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunakekela ukuthutha okutshala okuncane ngesikhathi esifanele.

Ilanga lasentwasahlobo lifudumele, kepha alikashisi. Isikhathi esifanelekile sokutshala entwasahlobo ukuqala kukaMeyi. Umoya upholile ngokulingana, inhlabathi isivele ifudunyeziwe futhi kukhona umswakama owenele kuyo. Ngakho-ke, ama-sitrobheli azokhula futhi akhule ngendlela ejwayelekile futhi athele isivuno esihle ngonyaka olandelayo.

Isikhathi esihle sokutshala ama-sitrobheli engadini yasentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi

Izinzuzo zokutshala kwentwasahlobo:

• ama-sitrobheli ehlumela kahle;
• uma kwenzeka iqhwa lasentwasahlobo, izithombo zazo eziqoshwe nzima azihluphi ngazo.

Cons of zokutshala engadini sitrobheli entwasahlobo:

• imvamisa ekuqaleni kukaMeyi izithombo azikakakulungeli futhi kuyadingeka ukutshala ama-sitrobheli ngoJuni, izitshalo ezizayo ukushisa, umoya nomoya wenhlabathi;
• udinga ukukhula ngaphambi kokukhulisa izithombo ngaphansi kwezindawo zokukhosela noma uthenge okwenziwe ngomumo noma ngemuva kokutshala, kunikeze ukupholisa kanye nokwanda komswakama womhlaba nenhlabathi.

Ividiyo: nakekela ama-sitrobheli asendle kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla

Ukulungiselela ukufika

Inhlabathi efaneleke kakhulu:

• umthamo ophakathi nendawo,
• chernozems
• inhlabathi evundayo enesihlabathi nge-acid reaction pH 5.5-6.5.

Noma, ngokunakekelwa okuhle, leli siko likhula kahle futhi lithela izithelo cishe kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi.

Lapho ukhetha iziza zokutshala utshani bengadi, ukukhetha kufanele kunikezwe ezindaweni ezinelanga - lapho ilanga liliningi, leli berry liba mnandi kakhulu. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukukhululeka kwendawo, kufanele ibe isicaba noma ibe nomthambeka omncane (5-8^º), ngaphandle komhlabathi owomile, osezansi kanye namaxhaphozi. Ibanga ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba liye emazingeni aphansi komhlaba akufanele libe ngaphansi kwamamitha.

Ama-strawberry engadi abucayi kakhulu ngekhwalithi yenhlabathi ngemuva kokutshala izitshalo zasengadini nezingadi.

Abanduleli abahle kakhulu:

• ugarlic
• ukukhothama
• izaqathe
• ubhungane
• isithombo.

Izindawo ezazikhulwe ngaphambilini azifaneleki ngokuphelele zokutshala:

• izilimo ezi-solanaceous (utamatisi, amazambane), upelepele, ngoba ama-sitrobheni angathinteka yi-verticillus ne-fusarium wilt;
• iminduze, i-asters, i-gladioli (mhlawumbe ukutheleleka kwama-sitrobheli nge-stode nematode).

Kusebenza ngokushintshanisa ukulima kwama-sitrobheli ngokuhlwanyela ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu noma emine yomquba oluhlaza (lupine, vetch, alfalfa, melilot, ubhontshisi) nezilimo zokusanhlamvu (oats, ibhali, ukolweni) ukubuyisela inhlabathi.

Inhlabathi elungiselelwe kufanele ivulwe futhi ingabi nokhula.

Ngokuya ngesizini, izitshalo zitshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile noma ngaphansi kwefilimu. Kunezindlela eziningi zokutshala ama-sitrobheli engadini:

• izithombo
• ukwahlukanisa isihlahla
• imbewu.

Noma iyiphi indlela yokutshala, okokuqala kudingeka ulungiselele isiza noma ingadi. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho banikeza izeluleko zokulungiselela imibhede amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ngaphambi kosuku okulindeleke ngalo lokutshala, ukuze inhlabathi ibe nesikhathi sokuhlalisa futhi esilinganayo. Indawo okutshalwa kuyo ifakwa ngefosholo noma umsiki wokugaya ube yi-25-30 cm lapho usimba, lapho ususa, susa ngokucophelela ama-rhizomes okhula olungapheli. Esikhathini esizayo, lokhu kuzokwenza lula umsebenzi wokususa ukhula. Uma isiza selilungisiwe kusukela ekuweni, khona-ke inhlabathi yanele ukumane ikhululwe ngokuphelele.

Ngaphansi kokumba kwenhlabathi, kusetshenziswa umanyolo we-organic kanye ne-mineral (nge-1 sq. M):

• ibhakede elilodwa (amakhilo angama-5-7) womquba obolile kahle (i-humus);
• I-70 g ye-superphosphate;
• 20-30 g we-potassium sulfate.

Esikhundleni semanyolo wamaminerali, lapho kulungiswa ingadi, ungasebenzisa umlotha wezinkuni (imbiza yelitha) nomanyolo oyi-Kemira eziyinkimbinkimbi (entwasahlobo-ehlobo) - 60 g nge-1 sq. Km. m Umanyolo onjalo wenhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala ama-sitrobheli yiwona oyinhloko futhi unele izitshalo ezikhulayo kulesi siza iminyaka emibili noma emithathu.

Ngemuva kokulungisa inhlabathi, maka indawo noma umbhede. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze utshale i-sitrobheli ezihlahleni ngokulinganayo bese ushiya indawo yokucutshungulwa nokunisela izitshalo.

Kunezinhlelo eziningi zokutshala ama-sitrobheli:

• lapho kukhula endlini yezindlu noma yasekhishini ehlobo, okuvame kakhulu kungukutshala komugqa owodwa (umugqa owodwa) nomugqa ophindwe kabili (imigqa emibili) ukutshala ngebanga phakathi kwemigqa engama-85 cm naphakathi kwezitshalo ngokulandelana - kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-35 cm. Le ndlela yokutshala ibhekwa njengemincane-band;
• lapho isikhule ngokomsebenzi, kusetshenziswa uhlelo olubanzi lwebroadband. Ngasikhathi sinye, izitshalo zitshalwa ngezinsimbi ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-ribbons ngebanga phakathi kwazo okungama-90-100 cm, phakathi kwamarowu iribhoni - 40-50 cm, naphakathi kwamakhasi ngokulandelana - kusuka ku-15-20 cm kuye kuma-30- 40 cm.Ububanzi bezindlela zokusebenzisa izitshalo ezitshalwayo zingama-60 -70 cm
  

  Imvamisa ama-sitrobheli atshalwa ngokuya ngephethini elincane-lomugqa owodwa kanye nephethini yomugqa ophindwe kabili.

Igalari yezithombe: izikimu zokutshala sitrobheli emhlabathini

Ukutshala izithombo

Ngokutshala kwentwasahlobo yama-sitrobheli asendle, ungasebenzisa izithombo ezincane zezinhlobo zazo ezitholakala ezitolo ezibekiwe futhi ebusika esiqandisini (bheka isigaba "Ukutshala ama-sitrobheli asendle ngezithombo"), noma izithombo ezithengiwe (mhlawumbe ngohlelo oluvaliwe lwezimpande). Kungcono ukutshala ama-sitrobheli kwisimo sezulu esinamafu noma kusihlwa, ngemuva kokushona kwelanga. Ngaphambi kokwehla, kufanele ulungiselele konke okudingayo:

• izithombo
• ukuchelela can ngamanzi
• ihlombe
• izinto ezihlanganisiwe.

Izimpande zezitshalo ezilungiselelwe ukutshala kufanele zigxoxwe ku-udaka wobumba, i-vermicompost noma ngesixazululo segesi evuselela izimpande ukuze zingoma emoyeni. Ngemuva kwalokho ungaqhubeka ngqo nokutshalwa kwama-sitrobheli asendle.

Ungavumeli ukomiswa kwezimpande zezithombo zama-sitrobheli

Inqubo yokufika inezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilandelanayo:

1. Endaweni elungiselelwe, umgodi wenziwa nge-spatula noma ngemifula, amabanga phakathi kwawo okufanele ahambisane nephethini yokubamba ekhethiwe - umugqa owodwa noma obili.
2. Ukubamba isithombo yi-apex yezinso, ibeke ngobumnene emgodini noma epanini. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpande zesitshalo ziqondiswa phansi phansi. Kulesi sikhundla, izimpande ezithandekayo zakhiwa kubo bonke ubude bawo. Izimpande, okuthi, lapho sezitshaliwe, zigobile phezulu, lapho-ke cishe zofa.
3. Ama-strawberry otshaliwe embozwe ngenhlabathi aze afike ezingeni le "nhliziyo" - izinso ezingabekezeleleki futhi zihlangana kancane nenhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla ngezandla zakho.
4. Ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo ziyaniselwa. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngezinyathelo eziningana, ngokucophelela ukuze kudalulwe izimpande zezitshalo.
5. Lapho amanzi egcotshwe ngokuphelele, inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla ze-sitrobheli ifakwe i-peat, i-sawdust eseqile, ukusika okuomile kotshani.
   

   Lapho utshala ama-sitrobheli engadini, i-apical bud - i- "inhliziyo" kufanele ibe sezingeni lomhlabathi

Akwamukeleki ukugcwalisa ihlumela le-apical - "inhliziyo" ye-seedling nomhlaba - lokhu kuzoholela ekukhuleni kwayo kabi, ukuntuleka kwezithelo nokufa.

Ukutshala ama-sitrobheli ezindaweni eziphansi, ukuze ugweme ukweqisa kwenhlabathi, kunconywa ukuklama imibhede. Endaweni ekhethiwe, phawula usayizi wemibhede yesikhathi esizayo bese ufake uthango ohlangothini nasekupheleni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amabhodi, amathayili womngcele, amaphrofayli wensimbi, amathayili. Indawo ehlotshisiwe yombhede igcwele inhlabathi evundile futhi ama-sitrobheli atshalwa ngokohlelo olujwayelekile.

Ividiyo: ukutshala ama-sitrobheli emhlabathini ovulekile

Ukutshala ama-sitrobheli engadini embuthanweni wesihlahla

Ukuze kutshalwe ama-sitrobheli asendle, isikhala sombuthano oseduze we-izithombo zezithombo zezithelo zanele.

1. Emjikelezweni wesiqu somuthi endaweni engaba ngu-50-70 cm, uthukulula umhlabathi ube ngu-8-10 cm ukuvimbela ukulimala kohlelo lwawo lwezimpande.
2. Bangenisa amabhakede ama-4-5 we-humus, imbiza yelitha yomlotha wezinkuni, izindebe eziyi-0,5 zomanyolo onzima.
3. Inhlabathi ixubene kahle nomanyolo, idalwe nge-rake futhi itshala izitolo ezingama-5-7 zama-sitrobheli.
4. Iyuniselwa futhi ifakwe ngotshani noma ngotshani obomile enesendlalelo okungenani esingu-5. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi i-mulch ingathinti izihlahla zesitrobheli nesiqu sesihlahla.
   

   Lapho utshala ama-sitrobheli asengadini embuthanweni osondelene nesiqu, zombili izihlahla nomuzwa zizwakala zilungile

Ngalesi lokutshala "emibhedeni yezimbali", womabili ama-sitrobheli kanye nezithombo ayawina: akukho ukulahleka komswakama, ukhula alukhuli, inhlabathi iyakhululeka futhi ingaphefumula. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, lapho umqhele wesihlahla ukhula futhi unikeza umthunzi omningi, ama-sitrobheli adluliselwa kwenye indawo.

Ngikubonile kaningi ukwedlula lokhu: batshala isitshalo, kwathi ngosuku lwe-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala, sebevele sebeqala ukusondla ngomanyolo noma ngomquba oxutshisiwe. Leli yiphutha elijwayelekile. Kumaviki amabili emva kokutshala, izitshalo azidingi ukondliwa. Futhi ukudumazeka kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala kwentwasahlobo ngoJuni noma ngoJulayi balindele amajikijolo amakhulu nesitshalo esikhulu esivela esitshalweni. Lapho bebona i-berry engekho enkulu kangako futhi, kusobala, isivuno esincane, badumala ngokuhlukahluka. Ngonyaka wokuqala, lesi sitshalo sizonikeza i-berry, kodwa kusenesikhathi ukuba sahlulele ubuhle nobubi bezinhlobonhlobo zale bheri. Isivuno esigcwele ngokuphelele esivela ezinhlotsheni zezinsuku ezimfushane (izithelo ngonyaka) kufanele silindelwe kuphela ngonyaka olandelayo. Ezinhlotsheni zezinsuku ezingathathi hlangothi, izimbali zokuqala ezivela entwasahlobo ngemuva kokutshala kumele zisuswe, bese ekwindla kuzokwazi ukuvuna.

U-Yulia Babenko, umlimi we-amateur, iVoronezh

Iphephabhuku Lasekhaya, Nombolo 3, 2010

Ukunakekelwa nokondla

Ngemuva kokutshala, ama-sitrobheli adinga ukunakekelwa - amanzi njalo, athukulula inhlabathi futhi asuse ukhula. Eminyakeni emibili yokuqala, izithombo azivundisi, zidinga umanyolo kuphela lapho utshala. Ama-Strawberry adliwe njengoba edingeka uma inhlabathi ingenazo izakhamzimba noma uma isimo sezulu sibanda nezimvula ezinde. Njengemvunulo ephezulu, ungasebenzisa umanyolo onamaminerali amaminerali (inani linikezwa nge-1 sq. Imibhede engu-M):

• nitrophosco - 20 g;
• nitroammofosku - 18 g;
• diammophos - 12 g;
• ammophos - 11 g.

Zingeniswa ngemikhondo ene-cm engu-10-12 cm, ebekwe eceleni komugqa ibanga le-15 cm ukusuka kuwo. Ngemuva kokugqoka okuphezulu, inhlabathi etholakala emihlanganweni iyothelwa ngamanzi futhi imbozwe ngomhlaba noma i-mulched. Ukugqoka phezulu kwe-Foliar kwenziwa ngaphambi kokubonakala kwama-peduncle ngumanyolo ofanele we-organic-mineral.

Ividiyo: ukondla ama-sitrobheli entwasahlobo

Uma, ngemuva kokutshala ama-sitrobheli emhlabathini ovulekile noma emibhedeni, kunesimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile, kungakuhle ukunquma izithombo ezikhululekile izinsuku eziningana. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ukuze kuqiniswe uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo ezisencane nokuhwamuka kwamaqabunga bekukuncane. Ngokufaka umjondolo, ungasebenzisa amaphaneli endwangu (aphonswa ngqo emasimini atshaliwe), inethi ekhethekile (idonswa ngaphezulu kwendawo yokufika) noma amathuluzi athuthukisiwe (amabhakede, iziqukathi ezivela ezitshalweni, emacansini).

Ukutshala izithombo

Lapho kubuyekezwa ukutshala kwama-sitrobheli engadini kuyadingeka, umbuzo wezithombo uphakama. Ngokwemvelo, ama-sitrobheli asakazeka esebenzisa ama-rosette akhiwa amadevu.

Amadevu amade, futhi amahlumela aguquguqukayo kakhulu akhiwa kusuka ekuhlumeni kwezinhlamvana zengxenye engezansi yophondo (ukukhula konyaka kwesitshalo). Akhiwa kakhulu ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuzala. Ehlahleni zama-sitrobheli wasendle otshalwe izithombo (okuthiwa izitshalo zomama), kanye nasezitshalweni ezincane ezingakhiqizi, zikhula ngaphambi kwezithelo. Kumadevu ngamunye, kwakheka izitshalo zendodakazi yakhe - ama-rosette kanye amadevu amasha. Isihlahla ngasinye sesibeletho singanikeza amadevu ayi-10 kuye kwangama-30.

Kodwa-ke, ngokutshala okusha, izisekelo ezivela ezitshalweni ezinezithelo azinconywa, ukuze ungadlulisi izinambuzane noma izifo nazo. Ukuze kutshalwe izithombo ezinobungane bemvelo ezingenazifo, kusetshenziswa iziphuzo zomama ezingakhiqizi izitshalo. Ukuthola izithombo ezisezingeni eliphakeme, isitshalo somama sibekwa endaweni enenhlabathi enhle evundile, evikelekile emimoyeni futhi ibomvu kancane. I-optimum ibhekwa njengendawo lapho izimbali noma izilimo zikhula khona ngaphambi kwama-sitrobheli, noma isiza esingaphansi kwemphunga emnyama (engenazo izitshalo).

Kutshalwa ama-Elite ama-sitrobheli kuotshwala mama

Amabhasi wezithombo atshalwa munye, iminyaka emibili. Njengomthetho, izinhlobo ezingama-elite sitrobheli zitshalwa ku-mama utshwala; zitshalwa entwasahlobo (maphakathi noMeyi) noma ekwindla (ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti noma ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba).

1. Izimbali eziqhakaza emithini yesibeletho ziyasuswa.
2. Lapho isihlahla se-sitrobheli sakha amadevu anama-rosette, sibekwa eceleni kwemigqa.
3. Amalokhethi angcwatshwe kancane enhlabathini futhi afafazwe nangomhlaba ukuze kube nezimpande.
4. Ngenqubo yokukhulisa izithombo, iniselwa njalo kusetshenziswa ama-fafaza noma kusuka kwi-hose enesifutho. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngesikhathi yokunisela kufanele okungenani kube ngama-1.5-2 amabhakede esigcawini esisodwa. m
5. Ngemuva kokunisela, ama-aisles ayathukululwa futhi aboshwe.
6. Ukhula oluhlwanyelwe lubhujiswa ngokufafaza ngezixazululo ze-herbicides.

Igalari yezithombe: ukutshala nokukhulisa ingadi yama-sitrobheli izithombo

Izithombo zekhwalithi enhle kufanele kube:

• ngonyaka;
• ngezimpande ezingama-5-7 cm noma ngaphezulu;
• enamaqabunga akhule kahle ama-3-5 (nangaphezulu);
• ngaphandle kokulimala kwemishini nezimpawu zokufisa;
• ngezinso ezikhuliswe kahle ezimpondweni;
• nohlelo lwezimpande lwe-fibrous.
  

  Izithombo ze-sitrobheli zasengadini kufanele zibe ne-apical evuthiwe kahle

Ekutshaleni ekwindla, izithombo ze-sitrobheli zigaywa ngo-Agasti noma ngo-Okthoba bese zitshalwa emhlabathini ngokushesha. Uma ukutshala kuhlelwa entwasahlobo, izithombo ziqiniswa emazingeni aphansi okushisa komoya kanye nenhlabathi ngo-Okthoba nango-Novemba, bese amaqabunga echetywa bese emba. Izitshalo kufanele ziphathwe ngesikhunta, zifakwe ezikhwameni zepulasitiki futhi zigcinwe esiqandisini emazingeni okushisa angama-0-3 ° C noma efrijini. Izithombo ezinjalo zibizwa nge- frigo.

Ithemba lokusebenzisa izithombo ze-sitrobheli ze- "frigo" (izithombo ezimbiwe zigcinwa emaphaketheni aqine emoyeni efrijini ngaphambi kokutshala) lithole ubufakazi obengeziwe eminyakeni eyedlule. Usizo lwalesi yisithombo ukuthi lugcinwa esiqandisini at -20 ° C futhi lungathathwa ngokutshala ngesikhathi esihle kakhulu. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ososayensi balule izithombo zokugcina izithombo ngoNovemba nangoDisemba, enyakatho ngaphezulu - ngo-Okthoba nangoNovemba. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokulungela kwezitshalo ngumbala onsundu ofanayo wezimpande kusuka ku-rhizome. Ezitshalweni ezimbiwe, inhlabathi kumele igezwe isuswe ezimpandeni ngemithamo engama-2-3. Amaqabunga ayasuswa, izitshalo ziyahlanganiswa bese zibekwa emasakeni ka-0,55 mm wefilimu yepulasitiki, iphathwe nesixazululo semanzi seFundazole, siboshwe kancane futhi sivalwe.

U-E. Yaroslavtsev, ukhetho lwezesayensi yezolimo.

Ijenali Yokulawulwa Kwasekhaya, No. 2, 2010

Ividiyo: ukutshala izithombo zama-sitrobheli

Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi umlimi aneliseke ngokuphelele ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-sitrobheli otshaliwe, kepha ukutshala kudinga ukubuyekeza. Kulokhu, ungasebenzisa izithombo kusuka kwisiza sakho. Kulokhu, kuyathandeka ukuyihlanza ezinambuzaneni, ukuqhuba ukubulala amagciwane. Indlela ethembeke kunazo zonke ukushisa izitshalo ngamanzi ashisayo. Le ndlela inegalelo ekubhujisweni kwabo bobabili i-nematode kanye ne-sitrobert tick. Izithombo ezifudumele zizokhula kahle entwasahlobo.

Isikhathi esihle sokwelashwa okushisa kuqala kwentwasahlobo, kanti izitshalo zisaphumule.

1. Thatha iziqukathi ezimbili zamasayizi ahlukile. Ithangi elilodwa lifakwa kwelinye ukuze phakathi kwabo kube nesikhala samahhala samanzi.
2. Ngaphansi kwesitsha esikhulu, kubekwa amabhlogo okhuni lapho kubekwa khona isitsha sesibili, esingaphakathi.
3. Zombili iziqukathi zigcwele amanzi ashisayo bese zivutha umlilo. Amanzi kufanele abe ngu-+48 ^ºC. Ukushisa ngezansi akunamsebenzi - izinambuzane ngeke zichithwe.
4. Izitshalo zehliswa "zibheke phansi" kanye nezimpande ezitsheni lwangaphakathi imizuzu engu-15.
5. Ngemuva kwalokho bayasuswa futhi bacwiliswe ngendlela efanayo imizuzu engu-10-15 emanzini abandayo, futhi okungcono - kusisombululo esibuthakathaka kakhulu, esipinki se-potanganum permanganate.

Ukukala izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokuhlunga kwe-seedling, kusetshenziswa i-thermometer ekhethekile enezihlukaniso ze-0,5 ºº.

Uma kuhlelwa ukusebenzisa izithombo ezithengiwe zokutshala ama-sitrobheli, kufanele futhi kucutshungulwe ukubulala amagciwane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izithombo zitshalwa ngendlela efanayo naleyo echazwe esigabeni "Ukutshala sitrobheli ngezithombo."

Ngemuva kokuthola izithombo, nginqume amaqabunga ongezekile, ngashiya iqabunga elilodwa kuphela nenhliziyo. Ngihlola ngokucophelela izimpande, nginqume zonke izindawo ezibolile zibe izicubu ezinempilo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo ezilungiselelwe ngale ndlela zehliselwa imizuzu eyi-10 kwikhambi le-Tiovit-Jet elihlanjululwe ngokuya ngemiyalo noma ngesisombululo se-colloidal isibabule. Ngemuva kwalokho ngigeza izithombo ngamanzi. Ngithela izimbobo zokutshala ngesixazululo seHumate. Ngifaka isithombo emgodini ukuze izimpande zingaphenduki futhi inhliziyo isezingeni lomhlaba.

U-Yulia Babenko, umlimi we-amateur, iVoronezh

Iphephabhuku Lasekhaya, Nombolo 3, 2010

Linganela ngaphansi kwesembozo esimnyama

Ukusheshisa ukuvuthwa kwesitshalo eminyakeni yamuva, ifilimu yepulasitiki emnyama isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo. Lokhu kusebenza ngoba:

• ngosuku olunelanga, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwefilimu emnyama ifudumala ngokushesha nangamandla, futhi kusihlwa ifilimu igcina ukushisa isikhathi eside;
• umswakama enhlabathini ugcinwa isikhathi eside, ngoba ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi okuvela ngaphansi kwefilimu kuncane;
• asikho isidingo sokutshala ukhula njalo; inhlabathi emigqeni ayithukululwa. Ngonyaka wokuqala we-fruiting, ukhula lwazungeza izitshalo (ngaphakathi kwezimbobo ezisefilimini) futhi lwamisa imizila yezikhathi ezi-3-4;
• akukho ukuxhumana kwamajikijolo enhlabathini, ngakho-ke ahlala ehlanzekile kuso sonke isikhathi sokuvuthwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayikho ingozi yezifo zama-sitrobheli zasengadini ezinezifo zokukhunta kanye nokulimazeka kwezinambuzane;
• amadevu anezikhoxe awathathi izimpande futhi angasuswa kalula uma kunesidingo;
• ifilimu lingasetshenziswa embhedeni owodwa noma esakhiweni sonke isikhathi sokutshalwa kwama sitrobheli, okungukuthi, kuze kube yiminyaka engama-3-4.
  

  Izinto zokumboza ezimnyama zama-sitrobheli zingasetshenziswa iminyaka engama-2-3

Okubi kokukhula kwama-sitrobheli akhula ngefilimu emnyama kufaka phakathi:

• ukuphazamiseka kwezitshalo zokuphuza ngokusebenzisa ukuvuleka kokutshala;
• ukushisa ngokweqile uma kwenzeka kushisa ngokweqile ehlobo - ukusha kungavela emaqabungeni. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, ehlobo ngokushisa okunamandla, utshani noma utshani obomile kufanele busakazeke phezu kwefilimu.

Tshala sitrobheli ngaphansi kwefilimu emnyama ngale ndlela:

1. Umbhede olungiselelwe futhi uvundiswe ngendlela ejwayelekile embozwe ngefilimu emnyama, ushayela eceleni kwemiphetho noma ulungisa imiphetho ngezinto ezenziwe ngcono (amabhodi, amaphrofayli wensimbi, ukubhoboza okushintshiwe, njll.).
2. Ngokwenqubo ejwayelekile yokutshala, izimbobo ezinobubanzi obuyisentimitha ezingama-5-7 zinqunywa kwifilimu, lapho kutshalwe khona izithombo.

Ebusika, izimpande zama-sitrobheli ngaphansi kwefilimu zivikelwe kwisithwathwa, kuthi entwasahlobo iqhwa elisendaweni emnyama lincibilike ngaphambili nomhlaba uvuthwe ngokushesha. Lapho nje iqhwa liwa, ama-arcs angabekwa ngaphezulu kombhede futhi ambozwe ngefilimu esobala. Ngale ndlela yokukhosela, ama-sitrobheli aqhakaza amasonto ama-2 ngaphambi kokutholwa. Ngokuqala kokuqhakaza, ifilimu kufanele iphakanyiswe ohlangothini olulodwa ukuze inikeze umoya omncane kanye nokufinyelela kwezinambuzane zokuvundiswa kwezitshalo.

Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ifilimu elingaphezulu kwama-sitrobheli kumele liphakanyiswe ohlangothini olulodwa ukuze kunikeze umoya omncane kanye nokufinyelela kokungcoliswa yizinambuzane

Uma ama-sitrobheli akhule kwifilimu emnyama adinga ukusatshalaliswa, enza lokhu:

1. Amadevu anezikhoxe abekwa esitsheni esinomhlabathi omanzi futhi aphinwe ngocingo.
2. Lapho ukuthengiswa kuthatha izimpande, kuyanqunywa futhi kudluliselwe endaweni engapheli.

Ukufakwa esikhundleni sefilimu ye-polymer kungabiza kancane (izikhathi ezingama-5-6 kushibhile ukwedlula ifilimu) iphepha elikhethekile le-thermohydrophobic, elibola ngemuva kokuphela kwempilo yalo ngaphandle kokuvala umhlabathi.

Yu.V. UTrunov, Udokotela Wezesayensi Yezolimo, UProfesa

"Izithelo zikhula." Ukushicilela Indlu "I-KolosS", eMoscow, ngo-2012

Njengombhalo wesimanje futhi ophumelelayo wokutshala ama-sitrobheli engadini ngendlela yokumboza, kusetshenziswa izinto ezingezona ezilukiwe - i-agrotex noma i-spanbond emnyama. Lezi zinto zokwenziwa ziqhathaniswa kahle nefilimu yepulasitiki ngoba iyi-hygroscopic (okuwukuthi, umswakama ovuzayo) futhi enokuphefumula, ngakho-ke ukuthambisa nokufaka umoya ezweni kulula kakhulu.

Ividiyo: ukutshala ama-sitrobheli ngaphansi kwezinto zezolimo

Ukudlulisa ama-sitrobheli engadini entwasahlobo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-sitrobheli asengadini akhula kahle futhi athela izithelo kakhulu endaweni efanayo iminyaka emi-3-4. Ngemuva kwalokho isivuno nekhwalithi yamajikijolo kuncishiswa kakhulu. Ukuze sandise izithelo zezitshalo, zidluliselwa endaweni entsha. Akudingekile ukufakelwa ama-sitrobheli ngezithombo. Amabhishi aneminyaka emibili noma emithathu alungele lokhu, ikakhulukazi uma ukuhlukahluka kunezinkomba ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

Ungadlulisa, kanye nokufika, entwasahlobo, ehlobo noma ekwindla - kuya ngezimo zesimo sezulu kanye nezimo zezulu. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, ekwindla kubhekwa njengesikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokufakelwa, ukuze kutshalwe sitrobheli esitshaliwe entwasahlobo bese sikhiqiza isivuno. Ezindaweni eziphakeme zasenyakatho neziphakathi nendawo, ukhetha ukufakelwa kwentwasahlobo kanye nentwasahlobo.

Ividiyo: ukufakelwa kwe-sitrobheli entwasahlobo

Isakhiwo esisha sokutshala ama-sitrobheli asilungiswa ngendlela efanayo nesakhiwo sokutshala izithombo noma izithombo. Inqubo yokufakelwa ibuye ifane kakhulu nenqubo yokutshala, umehluko kuphela wokuthi lapho ngifaka isitshalo, sikimba ngokucophelela siphuma nesixha somhlaba esizungeze izimpande. Isihlahla esitshalwe kabusha sama-sitrobheli asinakungcwatshwa ngokujulile emhlabathini, ihlumela le-apical kumele lihlale ezingeni lomhlabathi. Ngemuva kokufakelwa, lesi sitshalo kufanele siphuziswe ngokweqile futhi sigule inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla.

Ukutshala ama-sitrobheli ezifundeni

Lapho utshala futhi ukhula ama-sitrobheli engadini ezifundeni, kufanele okokuqala kubhekwe isimo sezulu sendawo, ubude besikhathi esifudumele nesokushisa komoya entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ubuningi noma ukushoda kweqhwa ebusika, ukuthambekela kokuswakama noma ukugcwala kwenhlabathi ngenhlabathi, njll. Ama-Strawberry awalukhuni futhi ubusika kahle. kuphela ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa. Yehlisa izinga lokushisa ekwindla sekwephuzile kuya ku-10 ^ºC ngokungabikho kwesembozo seqhwa kubangela ukuqandeka kwezitshalo, kanye no -15 ^ºC ukufa kwabo. Ngaphansi kwengqimba yeqhwa elinobukhulu obungu-20 cm noma ngaphezulu, ama-sitrobheli abekezelela ama-frames wesikhashana afinyelela ku-25-30 ^ºC. Ezindaweni eziningi, okuyingozi kakhulu amathonsi abukhali emazingeni okushisa ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuwa kweqhwa, nentwasahlobo ngemuva kokuncibilika.

EBelarus

Isikhathi esihle sokutshala ama-sitrobheli eBelarus yintwasahlobo - isonto lokugcina lika-Ephreli noma ukuqala kukaMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, inhlabathi isivele ifudumele ngokwanele, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya ligcinwa ngaphakathi kwe-10-18 ^ºC. Lokhu kuvumela izithombo ezincane ukuba zikhule futhi ziqale ukusungula ngokushesha uhlelo lwezimpande nezitshalo. Njengoba ihlobo eBelarus lifushane, kunalokho kupholile futhi kunethayo, izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe zokusithela zakuqala zikhule kahle futhi zithela izithelo:

• Kokinskaya ekuseni
• Lviv ekuseni.

Iyilungele kahle iBelarus nezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo zesikhathi esiphakathi:

• Umkhosi daisy,
• Roxana

Igalari yezithombe: Izinhlobo ezihlotshisiwe ze-sitrobheli ingadi enkulu-yezithelo zeBelarus

Ukulungisa izinhlobo nakho sekuzifakazele kahle. Ezikhiqiza kakhulu izitshalo ezinonyaka owodwa nambili, eminyakeni elandelayo, isivuno sincipha kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yesimo sezulu esipholile nesinomswakama saseBelarus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ebusika obusika buneqhwa neqhwa elincane, ama-sitrobheli angabanda.

Ngokutshala, imithambeka yezindawo eziseningizimu nasentshonalanga eseningizimu, okude kakhulu ngokukhanyiswa yilanga, kufaneleka kakhulu. Uma indawo yokutshala inenhlabathi enamanzi, kubalulekile ukutshala ama-sitrobheli emigqomeni ephezulu ukugwema ukuthinteka ekubunjweni grey. In iningi le-Belarus, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kufanelekile ukukhula lesi sitshalo, ngaphandle kwezindawo eziphansi nezinamaxhaphozi.

Inqubo yokutshala ejwayelekile, ingatshalwa kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile futhi ngaphansi kokumboza ngefilimu noma nge-agrofibre. Ngaphambi kobusika obubandayo, imibhede enotshalwe i-sitrobheli kufanele ikhuliswe kahle futhi imbozwe ngotshani, sawdust, ifilimu noma amahlamvu owomile. Ebusika, kungcono ukwengeza iqhwa emibhedeni.

E-Ukraine

I-strawberry engadini e-Ukraine ibhekwa njengenye yezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu. Ukutshala kwayo kusatshalaliswa inhlabathi efudumele nenethezekile nenhlabathi evundile ye-chernozem. Izindawo ezinkulu zokutshala ngokwesiko yizifunda eziseningizimu nasentshonalanga ye-Ukraine.

Ividiyo: Ukutshala sitrobheli e-Ukraine

Ama-Strawberry atshalwa phakathi nesikhathi sonke esifudumele, kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Mashi kuya ku-Agasti. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, esifundeni esiphakathi nasentshonalanga - ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngenxa yobusika obuthambile, ama-sitrobheli atshalwa ikakhulu ekwindla ukuthola isitshalo sokuqala entwasahlobo nasehlobo lonyaka olandelayo.

Ngokutshala ezifundeni eziseningizimu, izindawo ezinendawo esenyakatho neyasentshonalanga kufanelekile, ngoba emithambekeni eseningizimu nasempumalanga inhlabathi ilahlekelwa umswakama ngokushesha. Ukutshala nokunakekela ama-sitrobheli e-Ukraine akuhlukile kunokwejwayelekile, kepha uma kushisa kakhulu ehlobo, izitshalo kufanele zinikezwe ukuthambisa okujwayelekile nokuningi.

ESiberia

ESiberia, izithombo ze-sitrobheli zitshalwe kangcono entwasahlobo, kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noMeyi. Yize abanye abalimi bekhetha ukutshala ekwindla. Ukulima, izinhlobo zasebusika-eziqinile, nezinhlobo ezikhula ekuqaleni ezinokulwelwa okuthe xaxa kwezifo zesikhunta kufaneleka kakhulu. Ezindaweni zaseSiberia, ama-sitrobheli asengadini athela izithelo iminyaka emibili, khona-ke kufanele ukuvuselelwa okutsha kube kabusha.

Ukuze ugweme ukukhula ngaphansi kwezihlahla zamakhaza ekwindla, kuyaluleka ukumboza izitshalo ngemuva kokusungula amazinga okushisa omoya amabi ukuya ku-2. ^ºC. Njengendawo yokukhosela yama-sitrobheli isikhathi sasebusika, kusetshenziswa i-mulch, agromaterial, nefilimu. Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi samathanga, ukuze kugwenywe iqhwa kwezitshalo emibhedeni, ukugcinwa kweqhwa kufanele kwenziwe kusetshenziswa izihlangu noma amagatsha amakhulu.

Ngesikhathi samabele amakhulu eSiberia, ukugcinwa kweqhwa kufanele kwenziwe emibhedeni enama-sitrobheli engadini ukuvimbela ukuqandeka kwezihlahla

Inqubo yokutshala nokutshala ingadi yesitrobheli eSiberia ayihlukile kunokwejwayelekile. Ukuze uqinise izitshalo nokusungula okuhle kwentwasahlobo, ukungezelelwa kwamafoliar ezingeziwe kuyangezelelwa nanoma yiziphi izithasiselo zezilimo eziyizigaxa. Isifutho sokuhluza:

• ngaphambi kokuqhakaza
• lapho ubopha amajikijolo
• ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesilimo.

Ividiyo: sitrobheli wasendle ngaphansi kwesembozo

Abalimi baya ngokuya bakhangwa ukutshala unyaka wonke kwama-sitrobheli engadi. Kulokhu, ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphansi kwezindawo zokukhosela zamafilimu (ukuqala noma ukuphela kukaJuni), amajikijolo akhula esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile (ishumi lesibili likaJuni noma ukuphela kukaJulayi), kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo zasebusika (kusuka ngoJanuwari kuya kuMeyi nangoSepthemba kuya kuZibandlela). Zonke izindlela zokutshala nokukhulisa ama-sitrobheli engadini, kuncike ekunakekelweni okuhle kanye nobuchwepheshe bezolimo obunekhono, zizonikeza isivuno esiphakeme futhi esizinzile samajikijolo amnandi.