Umuthi wekhofi - okhula nokunakekela ekhaya, izinhlobo zezithombe

Isihlahla sekofi (Coffa) - isitshalo esinjengesihlahla esihlala sihlala njalo somndeni we-madder, sizala izithelo zombala okhanyayo obomvu ngembewu yembewu. Lesi isihlahla sikhulu impela, sifinyelela ezimweni zemvelo ubude bamamitha ayi-8-10, isihlahla esinamaqabunga amakhulu, anesikhumba, amaqabunga aphambili kanye nama-inflorescence wombala omhlophe noma ukhilimu. Ngokwesiko, isihlahla sinqunywa sibe ngamamitha ayi-1.5-2,5 ukuhambisa ukunakekelwa nokuvunwa.

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo isihlahla sekhofi ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseTopiya. Loluhlobo lunesilinganiso sokuthuthuka esimaphakathi nesilinganiso sokukhuphuka kuka-5 kuya ku-10 cm ngonyaka. Lesi yisiko lesikhathi eside isikhathi salo sokuphila sincike ezimweni zezulu ezinhle. Izinhlobo ezaziwayo eziqhubeka nokuthela izithelo zineminyaka eyikhulu.

Uma uthanda ukutshala izitshalo zezithelo ekhaya, bese ubona ukuthi ungalima kanjani ubhanana owenziwe ekhaya.

Izici eziwusizo

Imbewu iqukethe izinto eziningi ezibalulekile nezinto zokulandela umkhondo. Kepha osebenzayo futhi osetshenziswa kakhulu kulokhu yi-caffeine. Iziphuzo kanye namalungiselelo asuselwa kuwo anomphumela ovuselelayo, wethoni futhi okuvumela ukuthi uphathe ikhanda, ukukhathala, ukukhathala komoya nezinye izifo. Futhi, ngenxa yephunga laso elinothile, ikofi ibaluleke kakhulu ekuphekeni ekwenziweni kwama-dessert ahlukahlukene, iziphuzo, namakhekhe, u-ayisikhilimu.

Izici zokukhula ekhaya. Kafushane

Ngokuphikisana nombono we-capriciousness wesiko, umuthi wekhofi ukhula ekhaya ngaphandle kwezinkinga, uma ulandela imigomo eyisisekelo yokunakekelwa:

Ukunakekelwa kwesihlahla sekhofi ekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe

Izimbali

Isikhathi esisebenzayo sokuthuthuka nokugeleza kwekhofi siqala ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli futhi siqhubeka kuze kube ngu-Okthoba.

Ikhofi ibonakala ngama-inflorescence amancane wezimbali ezimhlophe zezingcezu ezi-4-6 lilinye, likhula kusuka kuma-axils amaqabunga futhi linephunga elikhanyayo le-jasmine. Ukuqhakaza isihlahla sekofi ekhaya ngeke kusheshe.

Njengomthetho, ngokulungiswa okufanelekile kanye nobusika obunyanzelekile obomile, izimbali zingalindelwa iminyaka emi-3-4 yokuphila kwesitshalo.

Imodi yokushisa

Izinga lokushisa elifanele lokukhula nokukhula kwekhofi ekhaya liyinani lama-23 degrees. Kepha noma ezimweni ezishisayo zinomswakama owenele egumbini, umuthi uzozizwa ulungile.

Ebusika, unikezwa ukuphumula emazingeni okushisa aphansi: 12-16 degrees Celsius.

Ukufafaza

Ukufafaza nsuku zonke ngamanzi athambileko, athambile kuyadingeka kwisitshalo sekhofi ehlobo elomile. Kanye ngenyanga, ngale njongo, ungasebenzisa isisombululo sokufaka umlotha esinomsebenzi wokuzivikela nokuzivikela ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Ezinkathini ezibandayo, ikhofi akufanele ifafazwe uma kude nabashisi.

Isibani

Isihlahla sekofi ezimweni zasekamelweni ezingathandisi ukukhanyaNgakho-ke, ayidingi ukukhanya kwelanga futhi ikhula kahle kumawindi asentshonalanga nasenyakatho noma eduze kwawo. Ukukhanyisa kuyadingeka uma umuthi ungaqhakaza isikhathi eside futhi uhlala emthunzini.

Ukunisela

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi leli siko empeleni liyisizinda esishisayo, alithandi ukugcwala kwamanzi nomswakama ku-pallet. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukomisa kwenhlabathi akufanele kuvunyelwe.

Lapho nje amaqabunga esitshalo efile - udinga ukunisela ngokushesha, uma kungenjalo kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuphinda uphinde ukhule.

Ebusika, ukuchelela kuncishiswa kube kanye ngesonto, futhi njengoba ngaphambili kuhlolwe izinga lomswakama lomhlabathi.

Imbiza

Kunconywa ukukhetha imbiza yezimbali yokufakelwa kwesihlahla ngokuya ngohlelo lwayo lwezimpande. Ungathathi iziqukathi kaningi kunangaphambili. Ungumthamo onjalo webhodwe omkhulu njengoba ukhulu kunethambo lobumba elinezimpande zezitshalo ngo-2 cm kuphela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, inhlabathi isheshe ikhule kakhulu, izimpande zibole.

Inhlabathi

Isitshalo sekhofi sithanda ubumba, umhlabathi omncane ogcwele i-asidi. Ngaphezu kokugcina izingxenyana zomhlaba wonke, ungasebenzisa inhlabathi, ehlanganisa ingadi, i-humus, umhlabathi we-peat oxutshwe nesihlabathi somfula, ingxenye eyodwa ngayinye. Ungakhohlwa ngesendlalelo sokudonswa kwamanzi okugcwele, okususa ukuqina komswakama ngokweqile ebhodweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlabathi ye-gardenias noma i-azaleas iyisigatshana esifanelekile sokutshala isihlahla sekofi.

Umanyolo nomanyolo

Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, umuthi wekhofi umane udinga izakhamzimba ukuze ulondoloze izinga lokukhula okuphezulu, okuhlaza okuhlaza okotshani namandla okuzala.

Lokhu okulandelayo izincomo ezithile zokufaka umanyolo:

• esikhathini esukela ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi, kusetshenziswa umanyolo we-nitrogen, bese kuba yisikhathi samaminerali nesikhathi esingu-1;
• ezinyangeni zasehlobo, kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10, ikhofi ivundiswa nge-monosubstituted potassium phosphate, kuyilapho izinto eziphilayo zingafakwanga ngokuphelele;
• ngo-Septhemba, ukufaka umanyolo ngosawoti we-potassium kwenziwa ngokufafaza umqhele weqabunga.

Phakathi kokunye, kanye ngenyanga kufanelekile ukukhulisa umhlabathi kancane ngesisombululo se-citric acid - 1 gram ilitha lamanzi.

Ukufakelwa

Ukuhlala isikhathi eside kwesitshalo ebhodweni elilodwa kunciphisa amathuba okukhula kahle. Futhi, ukufakelwa kwesihlahla sekhofi kuyisimo esidingekayo sokuqhakaza kwaso okuxakile nokubukeka okuzayo kwezithelo.

Ngaphambi kokutshala isitshalo enhlabathini elungiselelwe, izimpande zekhofi zihlanzwa ngezinqubo zokubola noma zomile.

Uhlelo olusele lwempande lubekwe emhlabathini ukuze intamo yezimpande iphakanyiswe cishe ngo-5mm mm ngaphezu komhlaba. Umthamo osele webhodwe ugcwaliswa nge-substrate entsha. Umuthi otshaliwe uniselwa ngamanzi axazululiwe noma ancibilikisiwe emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwegumbi.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili, ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba lungadedelwa ukuze lumanzise kalula inhlabathi ngaphandle kwengozi yokugcwala ngokweqile.

Izihlahla

Ukunakekela umuthi wekhofi wekamelo kungafaka ukufaka ukuthungwa kwesitshalo ngezikhathi ezithile, kuya ngokuthi hlobo luni lombala wezimbali angathanda ukusinika. Uma kufanele kube isihlahla esivamile, ukuthena ikofi akudingekile, ngoba kaningi ngemuva kwenqubo enjalo igatsha liyayeka ukukhula. Njengomthetho, izihlahla zekhofi ziqala ukugatsha ngenkuthalo lapho zifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-50-80 cm futhi ukubukeka okujwayelekile kutholakala ngendlela yemvelo. Uma ufuna ukukhulisa ikhofi ngesimo sesihlahla, ungakha umqhele, ukha amahlumela amanye.

Isikhathi sokuphumula

Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, kusukela cishe ngo-Okthoba, kunconywa ukuthi isihlahla sekofi siphumule. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukunakekelwa kwekhofi kunezici eziningi:

• izinga lokushisa elisendlini akufanele libe ngaphezulu kwama-15 degrees futhi liwe ngaphansi kuka-12;
• Ukunisela kuyadingeka kuphela uma ingaphezulu lomhlabathi lome kahle;
• isitshalo sime emthunzini, kepha amahora amaningi ngosuku okuhleliwe ukukhanya.

Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo noma ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, umuthi uthathwa kancane kancane ngaphansi kwezimo ezifudumele, kepha ungasakhanyi ukukhanya kwelanga.

Ngingahamba ngingahambi eholidini?

Ukuze isitshalo singafi ngesikhathi sokuhamba komnikazi, kufanele silungiselelwe ngokulandelayo:

• susa ama-inflorescence noma izithelo, njengoba ngesikhathi sokukhula ikhofi idla umswakama owengeziwe;
• nciphisa iziqongo zokusungula amahlumela ukuze umise okwesikhashana ukukhula kwawo;
• ngaphambi kokusuka, lesi sihlahla singafakwa emthanjeni wegwebu elimanzi, elisesitsheni esinamanzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ebhodweni lezimbali, umgodi wokudonsa amanzi kufanele uxhunywe ngokukhululekile ngocezu lwegwebu.

Ngokungeziwe kokungenhla, ungathenga amadivayisi akhethekile wokunisela okuzenzakalelayo anikeza ukufinyeleleka njalo komswakama wezitshalo emavikini angama-2-3.

Ukusakazwa kwesihlahla sekhofi

Ukukhula isihlahla sekofi kusuka ezinhlanyelweni

Ngokuzala ikofi usebenzisa imbewu, kusetshenziswa imbewu entsha, evuniwe entsha nje. Lapho imbewu ikhula, mancane amathuba okuthi ihlume.

Ukuhlwanyela inhlabathi kumele kuvunyelwe futhi kube okukhululekile, isibonelo, ingxube yenhlabathi eshidi enesihlabathi somfula kufanelekile. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kufanele ihlanzwe - kugcinwe umusi ophuma emanzini abilayo cishe imizuzu eyi-10.

Imbewu ibekwa phezu kwenhlabathi ngaphandle kokujula, ibola emhlabathini. Ngemuva kwalokho konke kuthululelwa ngamanzi afudumele futhi kumbozwe nge-polyethylene noma insimbi yengilazi. Kabili ngesonto amahora ama-3, ikhompiyutha ebamba ukushisa iyasuswa ukuze inhlabathi ingene ngaphakathi. Izinga lokushisa elihle kunazo zonke lokushisa lingama-25 degrees. Amahlumela okuqala angalindelwa ngaphambi kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5-2. Lapho nje kukhonjiswe amaqabunga ambalwa amahle, izithombo zingatshalwa. Isihlahla esinjalo sithela izithelo iminyaka engu-3-4.

Ukusakazwa kwesihlahla sekhofi

Ukuphisa ikhofi ngale ndlela, ukusikwa okunama-node amabili kunqunywa emagatsheni angonyaka odlule. Phambilini, kufanele zifakwe kwisisombululo esithuthukisa ukukhula, ngokwesibonelo, i-heteroauxin, amahora amaningi. Izinqubo ezilungiselelwe zitshalwe engxube ye-sand-peat (1: 1) ngokujula kwamasentimitha amathathu .. Kudingeka ungqimba lwamanzi! Ukushisa nokunisela kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nalapho kukhula imbewu. Ukuze ube nempumelelo kakhulu ekuthwebeni, kunconywa ukuhlela ukushisa okuphansi ebhodweni ngesikhuni.

Ngemuva kokulinda ukuvela kwamaqabunga amasha aqhamuka ezinso, amahlumela angatshalwa. Izitshalo zekhofi ezitholakala ngale ndlela ziqala ukukhiqiza izithelo ngonyaka olandelayo.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Izinkinga ezinkulu abatshali bezimbali ababhekana nazo lapho kukhula isihlahla sekofi:

• imiphetho yamaqabunga iba mnyama futhi yomile ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama;
• amaqabunga isihlahla sekofi phuzi ophuzi ngokubonakala kokubola ezimpandeni;
• amabala ansundu kumaqabunga avele ngokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini;
• izimbobo ifomu eshidini ngemuva kokuthola ukushiswa yilanga;
• amaqabunga amancane aphenduka aphuzi, kusele imithambo eluhlaza kuphela ngenxa ye-acidity ephansi yenhlabathi;
• amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, abole futhi awe emva ukuthambisa ngokweqile;
• amaqabunga ebusika ayawa ekukhanyeni okuphansi;
• ukukhula kancaneuma kungekho okuphakelayo okuvamile;
• amaqabunga ancibilikile futhi ambozwe amabala aphuzi lapho unisela ngamanzi alukhuni noma ukuntuleka kwe-potassium;
• amabala ansomi noma ansundu emaqabunga kwenzeka ngokuntuleka kwe-phosphorus enhlabathini;
• amaqabunga amancane mancane futhi aphuzi ophuzi ngenxa yokushoda kwensimbi.

Izinambuzane ezitholakala kakhulu kwikhofi ngamabala, amabala kanye nezimbungulu zesicabucabu.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezidumile zesihlahla sekofi ekhaya ngezithombe namagama

Isihlahla sekofi sase-Arabhiya

I-arabica eyaziwayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-6, kepha ekuzaliseni ikhaya izinhlobonhlobo zayo "Nana" ezinobude obude obuyi-80 cm. Iqhakaza kabili ngonyaka futhi yakheka kalula.

Isihlahla sekofi saseCongo

Igama layo lesibili yi-robusta. Isitshalo esingaphenduki ngesistimu yezimpande ekhule kakhulu. Isimanga salolu hlobo lwekhofi ukuwa kwamagatsha ezithelo ngemuva kokushona kwemvelo.

Isihlahla sekofi saseLiberia

Lesi sihlahla esikhulu futhi mude kakhulu esinomqhele we-pyramidal, ofanele ukutshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo noma ezakhiweni ezinkulu. Lesi sitshalo simelana nezifo eziningi zezihlahla zekhofi.