Isitshalo seqanda singeSananaceae yomndeni. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lama-micronutrients anenzuzo namavithamini ingenye yezingxenye zokudla okufanele. Okokuqala yayilinywa eSouth-Asia, ngakho-ke ikhetha isimo sezulu esishisayo kanye nesimo sezulu esishisayo. Kwezinye izimo zezulu, ikhulile futhi, kodwa izitshalo zokugcina izithombo zisetshenzisiwe, futhi ukutshala kwenziwa nge-seedling.
Ukunakekela ama-eggplants kudinga umzamo okhethekile nokuqaphela, kubhekwa njengezitshalo ezithakazelisayo, futhi akulula kakhulu kumgadi wensimu we-novice ukubhekana nokulima kwawo. Izinambuzane eziningi aziphikisi ukutshala lesi sitshalo futhi zonakalise isivuno. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukubona inambuzane ngesikhathi futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokulwa nayo.
Uyazi? Endulo, isitshalo seqanda sasibhekwa njengemifino enobuthi ngenxa yokunambitheka okubabayo. Waba ngumfutho futhi wafafazwa izitha ezithandekayo.
Silwa nesicabucabu
Inkathazo evamile yeSolanaceae ingumuthi wesicabucabu. Ngeke ibhekwe ngamehlo.futhi imiphumela yobukhona bakhe iyabonakala ngokushesha - imikhaza ibhekana kakhulu. Ukubopha ubuso obuphansi beqabunga ngewebhu elincane (kubonakala sengathi "umdwebo we-marble"), umkhaza uyawuhlaba futhi udla ijusi eliphilisa ukuphila. Isihlahla sesitshalo sibonakala sengathi sijova njalo (izimbobo eziningi zivela emaqabunga kanye nesiqu).
Uma ungayinaki ngesikhathi, khona-ke isiqu sigcwele amabala, futhi amaqabunga e-curl angena emathini. Umsebenzi wokuzala wezinambuzane zesicabucabu uphezulu kakhulu, isizukulwane esisha sibonakala njalo emavikini amabili. Uma kwenzeka ukuphendula okwesikhashana kule nkathazo, ungalahlekelwa sonke isitshalo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ihlanganisa insecticaroicaricides kanye nama-acaricides. Ukuqaphela imiyalelo, isisombululo sokulungiselela silungiselelwe amalungiselelo, aphethwe yizitshalo. Izitshalo zokugcina izitshalo zifakwe ngamakhemikhali abizayo. Emhlabeni wesitshalo uphathwa ngenhlabathi.
Lezi zindlela zingasetshenziswa nje kuphela, kodwa ngokuzihlanganisa.
Uyazi? Kulabo abazama ukuyeka ukubhema, kuhle ukufaka isitshalo seqanda ekudleni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Iqukethe i-vitamin PP futhi inciphisa isidingo se-nicotine.Izindlela zezinto eziphilayo ziqondiswa izibungu zesicabucabu futhi ziphephile kwezinye izidalwa. Zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: Izidakamizwa (izidakamizwa ezidliwayo), ezidla izidakamizwa zemifino futhi zingalimazi isitshalo. Ngesikhathi esifushane bayakwazi ukubhubhisa amakoloni amakhulu ezinambuzane. Zingathengwa ezindaweni zokulima noma ezitolo ezikhethekile. Imikhiqizo yemvelo ngokumelene nemikhaza, esetshenziselwa izixazululo. Bahlanza izitshalo.
Izindlela ze-Agrotechnical zidala indawo engalungile yokuba khona komkhakethi: ukwandisa umswakama emoyeni futhi ukwandise ukuchelela okumele kube khona; zitshala izitshalo ezesabisa imikhaza; ukubhubhisa ukhula; ukucubungula inhlabathi.
Kunamakhambi amaningi abantu. ukulwa nokusabisa izibungu zesicabucabu, kodwa akuzona zonke eziphumelelayo. Ama-infusions ahlukahlukene kanye nama-broths okuyizo izitshalo ze-eggplant eziphethwe ngazo zingezona. Uma nje uqaphela ukuthi izinambuzane zivele kumaqabunga akho ngesimo se-spider, ngokushesha uqale ukulwa nabo. Ukuze unciphise inani lezinambuzane, susa futhi ushise wonke ukhula.
Yini enye ongatshala ngayo ngama-eggplant: i-dill, i-basil, ubhontshisi, i-zucchini, ummbila, i-pepper, ukhukhamba, anyanisi, ama-radishes, utamatisi.
Amahlumela abonakalisiwe namaqabunga kufanele futhi aqedwe futhi ashiswe. Nquma indlela yokulawula futhi uqhubekele ekubhujisweni kwezinambuzane. Emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, hlola izithombo bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi olikhethile liye lasiza. Uma umbukiso noma amaphuzu amasha aphinde avele, kusho ukuthi izidakamizwa ezikhethiwe azisebenzi, futhi kufanele zithathwe ezinye izinhlobo zomzabalazo. Ukuqeda impela izinambuzane, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Futhi emva kokubhujiswa okuphelele kwenkathazo, qapha ukubukeka kwezithombo bese wenza prophylaxis ukuvimbela ukuhlasela okusha. Ukuvimbela kuhlanganisa izindlela ze-agrotechnical zokulawula izinambuzane.
Ama-Aphid alawula izinyathelo
Ama-apidi, njengezinambuzane zesicabucabu, alisa ubisi lwezitshalo. Nakuba ngaphandle kubonakala kungenabungozi, kungaletha umonakalo omkhulu kulesi sitshalo. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuphila uyenzeka emaqabunga, umhlanga kanye nezimbali zezitshalo. Ama-aphid awapheli izithelo, kodwa enye yezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu ezitshalweni zezitshalo zeqanda. Izicubu zesitshalo ezithinteka ngama-aphid zikhubazekile futhi zome. Ukuguquguquka kwenzeka ngenxa yobuthi ukuthi inambuzane iphuma lapho isela ijusi eliphilisa ukuphila. Lezi zinambuzane zihlanganisa amaqabunga epayipi (ukukhishwa okushukela), okuyindawo enhle ye-soot fungus. Futhi i-aphid ithwala wonke amabhaktheriya akhona.
Izimila ezithinteka ngama-aphid ziyancipha ukukhula kwazo; Kungabhubhisa ukutshala konke kwezithombo. Kubalulekile ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele le nkathazo, ngoba, uma unomunye wokutshala, i-aphid ingafihla futhi ibonakale ngenkathi yokutshala izinkathi ezilandelayo.
Kubalulekile! Izithelo zesitshalo seqanda, ezakhiwa ngesikhathi kunqotshwa ama-aphid, zikhula ezincane futhi azifanelekile ukusetshenziswa. Bathandeka kakhulu.
Ukulwa nama-aphid kumele kube yinkimbinkimbi, ngaphandle kwalokho ukubhujiswa kungase kungasebenzi. Ngokushesha uqale ukusebenzisa ukuchayeka kwamakhemikhali kuma-insecticide okusabalalisa ngokushesha. Izinto ezinjalo azihlali futhi aziqongeleli esitshalweni. Imithi enjalo ihlanganisa: Karbofos, Aktellik, Detsis Profi, Aktara. Uma usebenzisa lezi zidakamizwa zilandela ngokulandela imiyalelo, ngayinye yazo inephethini yayo yesicelo. Futhi unakekele ukuvikelwa komuntu siqu, isikhumba nesikhumba somswakama uzwela ezibulala izinambuzane. Sebenzisa amaglavu, amabhogi noma mask. Sebenzisa ama-poisons achitha esomile.
Kubalulekile! Ama-eggplants akufanele aphathwe ngamakhemikhali ngesikhathi sezimbali kanye ne-fruiting.
Amakhambi omphakathi asetshenziswa uma ukunqotshwa kwama-aphid kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza noma ukuhluma. Izindlela eziningi zokulwa:
- Ebhekheni elingu-10 litre, hlanganisa iziqongo zamazambane, utamatisi, i-celandine, i-garlic ne-kabak ngesilinganiso se-1: 1, 1 indebe yensipho yesisindo kanye no-400 g wezinkuni umlotha. Yonke le mix bese ushiye endaweni emnyama izinsuku ezintathu. Hlanganisa ngezikhathi ezithile. Nciphisa ingxube, sebenzisa kanye ngesonto.
- Ebhekheni elingu-10 litre, uhlanganise u-50 g wepelepele ka-chilli no-50 g wegwayi othulini emanzini afudumele. Ukumelela izinsuku ezingu-2-3, bese ufaka izipuni zesipuni ezingu-3 kanye no-200 g wezinkuni umlotha. Ngemuva kokuhlunga sebenzisa isikhathi 1 emavikini amabili.
- Bilisa umhlonyane kanye ne-tansy (1 kg ngayinye) ngamalitha amabili amanzi. Umhluzi ohlanzekile uhlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 bese wengeza izinkezo ezingu-5 zesepha.
- Nciphisa i-kilogram yama-yarrow omisiwe ngamalitha ama-2 wamanzi abilayo, ubunzima, hlaziya ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi bese wengeza izinkezo ezingu-5 zesepha.
Ukulwa nokuvimbela ama-aphid kuzosiza izitshalo ezingenakubekezelela, nezinambuzane ezikudlayo. Nge-eggplant ungakwazi ukutshala i-fennel, anyanisi, i-coriander, i-mint, i-garlic. Amakha kalezi zitshalo asabisa izinambuzane. Izinambuzane ezondla ama-aphid - i-ladybug, i-beetle emhlabathini, izibungu ezidliwayo nezimbungulu. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ezinye zazo zingabhubhisa ezinye izitshalo ezikhulile ngawe.
Izihlahla ezidinga ukwelashwa: iplamu, apula, i-walnut, i-apricot, i-cherry.
Amaphuzu
Ukulimala okuyinhloko kubangelwa ngesikhathi kuvela izithombo zezitshalo zeqanda. I-Larvae, ebusika emhlabathini, ngokufudumala kukhwela phezulu. Iyakwazi ukuqoqa isiqu sesitshalo esincane, kanye nokudla ngezithelo. Kubonakala emhlabathini ovulekile nasendlini yokushisa. Ezinyangeni ezimbili, zidla izitshalo zezolimo, bese zifunda.
Ngonyaka owodwa, bangakwazi ukubeka amaqanda angaphezu kuka-2,000. Okuyingozi kunazo zonke izikebhe ezishiye ebusika. Izibungu ezibonakalayo zibhujiswa izixazululo zamakhemikhali "Inta-vir", "Karbofos", "Kinmiks". Ukuvimbela kuhlanganisa ukukhulula inhlabathi emva kokunisela nokususa ukhula.
Indlela yokubhekana nama-whiteflies
Phakathi nenkathi, i-whitefly inikeza izizukulwane ezingaphezu kwezi-15. Ukubukeka kwaso kufana nomhlabathi ovaliwe, lapho kunomswakama ophezulu ohlangene nokushisa okuphezulu. Izindawo eziyizintandokazi - izithombo zokugcina zokugcina nezithombo zokugcina izithombo. Izinambuzane zondla ijusi sesitshalo seqanda. Kutholakala ngemuva kweshidi, futhi ebusweni beshidi eliphansi kunezingubo ezimhlophe (i-whitefly litter), lapho i-fungus iqala khona. Kukholelwa ukuthi isikhunta sosizi silimaza kakhulu izithombo.
Izindlela zokulawula zifana nokubhujiswa kwama-aphid; ama-agent ekhemikhali acatshangwa ngempumelelo: "Actellic" - ayikho okungcono kuka-4 yokwelapha, ngokulandela imiyalelo. "I-Confidor" - ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esisodwa. "Pegasus" - izikhathi ezingu-2 ngekhefu leviki.
Indlela yokulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo ibuyisela kabusha i-enkarzii. Insikazi ibeka amaqanda emzimbeni we-whitefly, futhi lena indlela ephumelela kakhulu. Ukulala kwe-Macrolofus bug futhi kuyasetshenziswa. Izindlela zomphakathi: ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa endaweni yokushisa, izicupho ze-glue, ukumnika i-garlic. Ukuvimbela: ukuphuza ngokwanele, imithombo yamanzi okushisa, ukutshala isitshalo seqanda, isitshalo sokudla. Isitha somvelo sika-whitefly yiyona nkosikazi.
Izindlela zokulwa ne-Colorado bezambane beetle
Lezi zinambuzane zisuka eziqongweni zezambane kuya ezitshalweni kanye nesitshalo seqanda esidala isitshalo seqanda. Amaqabunga ayo adliwa futhi izibungu zilele, futhi nazo zondla utshani kanye nogaxa lwamagqabi asitshalo.
Ukuvikela izithombo kusuka Colorado Colorado amazambane, ihlanganiswe ezicijile ezikhethekile. Uma i-beetle ihlezi isitshalo seqanda, kodwa ingakabeki eceleni izibungu, ingavunwa ngesandla. Lapho izibungu zivela, ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali kusetshenziswa: I-Calypso, i-Prestige nezinye izinambuzane ezivela e-Colorado potato beetle.
Uma kusetshenziswe isitshalo seqanda esakhulayo ubhekene nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane, ungadikibali. Okokuqala, thola ukuthi ubhekene nobani ukuze ukwazi ukuphatha izithombo zezitshalo ze-eggplant nokuthi iziphi izinambuzane ezikuzo. Ukwelapha okwesikhashana izithombo kuzonikeza ithuba lokukhula isivuno esicebile nesinambithekisayo.
