Iziphakamiso zokutshala nokunakekela izithombo zeBrussels

AmaBrussels amahlumela - inhlobonhlobo yeklabishi ethandwayo emhlabeni wonke. Yayivinjelwa abalimi baseBelgium ngendlela ekhethiwe isikhathi eside, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVII. Kwakuhlonishwa abadali balesi siko futhi saqanjwa ngegama. "Umzali" wakhe ngokwemvelo ukhula eMedithera, okungukuthi, esimeni sezulu esingaphansi komoya. I-Brussels ihluma uthando lokushisa oluzuze kulo; ngakho-ke, ayithandwa kakhulu eMpumalanga Yurophu naseRussia. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi uthole isivuno ngisho noma kunesimo sezulu esifudumele uma ungajwayela izincomo zokunakekela isivuno.

Imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana namaBrussels amahlumela

Amahlumela eBrussels abukeka engajwayelekile. Iziqu eziqonde ngqo ezinamamitha ayi-0.5-1 m ubude zimbozwe ngesiqu esincane ngamakhanda amancane, angabi ngaphezu kwama-3-4 cm ububanzi, efana neklabishi elincane. Ziqhathaniswa ngosayizi nama-walnuts. Kwisitshalo esisodwa, zingaba yizingcezu ezingama-30-50 kuya kwezingu-100-120. Lezi zinhloko zakhiwa kuma-axils amaqabunga amancanyana anama-petioles amade. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, zipendwe ziluhlaza ngombala obomvu we-sizol-violet, ingaphezulu "libubly." Ngaphezulu kwesiqu, amaqabunga akha irosette elincane, eliphikelelayo ngisho nangesikhathi sokuzala. Izinhloko zeklabishi, ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, zingaba mnene kakhulu noma ziqonde ngokuphelele.

Amahlumela eBrussels abukeka engajwayelekile, kusuka kude lapho isitshalo sifana nesundu esincane

Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi, iBrussels inesikhathi eside kakhulu sezitshalo. Kuthatha okungenani izinyanga ezine ukwakha amakhanda, futhi ngokwesilinganiso sezinsuku eziyi-150-180. Ngesikhathi sonke lesi sikhathi kufanele kube ukufudumele impela - 20-24ºС. Kungakho engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia nakwezinye izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, isiko lingabanzi phakathi kwabalimi be-amateur. Isivuno nje asinaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa ezimweni zehlobo elifishane futhi kude nokuhlala kufudumele ehlobo.

AmaBrussels amahlumela - isitshalo esinesikhathi eside sokukhula

E-Urals naseSiberia, isiko likhula ngokukhethekile ezitshalweni, lidluliselwa emibhedeni ngaphambi kwangathi maphakathi noMeyi. Imbewu itshalwe okungenani izinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi. Esifundeni saseMoscow kanye nengxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia, kungakuhle ukuthi ukhethe izinhlobo zokuqala kanye naphakathi nantathu zezinsuku zokutshala. Bese kuthi noma utshala imbewu emhlabathini engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi, isivuno singavunwa ndawo ndawo maphakathi no-Okthoba. Futhi ezifundeni eziseningizimu kufudumele ngokwanele kakade ngo-Ephreli.

Amaqabunga ehlumela iBrussels makhulu ngeziqu ezinde

Ngasikhathi sinye, isiko laseMedithera le-thermophilic alivumelani neze nesithwathwa. Lokhu akunakushiwo ngezithombo ezisanda kutshalwa emhlabathini, kodwa izitshalo ezindala ziyakwazi ukubekezelela ukwehla kwesikhashana kwezinga lokushisa kuya ku--8 ° C.

Uhlelo lwezimpande lweBrussels amahlumela lunamandla amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ingaphansi kwezinye izinhlobo ezihlushwa ukushisa nokunisela okuyivelakancane.

I-Brussels ihlumela iklabishi ingaba yimbili futhi ibe nokukhululeka ngokuphelele.

IBrussels iyahluma phakathi “kwezihlobo” - ingqwele kokuqukethwe amavithamini namaminerali. Futhi inothile ngama-amino acid (cishe awaphansi ngokuya ngalesi nkomba emikhiqizweni yenyama nemikhiqizo yobisi) kanye namaprotheni (kukhona okuncane kakhulu kunakwimidumba). Cishe kubaluleke kakhulu kulabo abanamathela ezimisweni zemifino zokudla okunempilo.

Izinhloko zeklabishi ziphilile ngokweqile. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-iodine, i-potassium, i-phosphorus, i-iron kubangela izinzuzo ze-Brussels amahlumela ukuthi andise ukungasebenzi komzimba futhi ukubuyisele emuva kokugula noma ukuhlinzwa okukhulu. Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo njalo kuyindlela yokuvimbela izifo zenhliziyo, imithambo yegazi, ne-yegilo yegilo. Ukunambitheka okubabayo kwamakhanda eklabishi kutholakala ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-glucosinolates. Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi zivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimbila ezinesihlungu.

Amahlumela weBrussels awanempilo kuphela, kepha futhi anamnandi kakhulu

Izinzuzo zokuhluma kweBrussels zigcinwa ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokuqothulwa. Izimfanelo ze-gustatory nazo azihlupheki. Enye indlela yokugcina isivuno isikhathi eside ukoma.

Kukhona ukuphambana. Amahlumela weBrussels awanconywa ukuthi afakwe ekudleni kulabo abahlushwa yizifo ezihlangene, lapho kukhona amatshe ezinso noma i-gall bladder, kanye nokwanda kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona ze-gastrointestinal tract.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezihluma amaBrussels ezinamaqabunga abomvu ziye zazalaniswa.Imithunzi enjalo engajwayelekile ibangelwa okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-anthocyanins.

Njenganoma yiluphi uhlobo iklabishi, isitshalo esinomjikelezo weminyaka emibili wokukhula. Uma uyishiya engadini yonyaka olandelayo, izithelo ezinkulu ezinjenge-pod ezinembewu eminingi emnyama ngaphakathi ziyakha endaweni yamakhanda eklabishi ngonyaka olandelayo. Zingaqoqwa kahle futhi zisetshenziselwe ukutshala ngokuzayo. Zigcina ukuhluma isikhathi eside, iminyaka emihlanu.

Esikhundleni samakhanda ama-brussels amahlumela, uma enganqunywanga, kwakhiwa izithelo nembewu ngonyaka olandelayo

Ividiyo: IBrussels ihluma izinzuzo zezempilo

Ukutshala izithombo nokuzitshala emhlabathini

Abalimi abatshala amaBrussels amahlumela endaweni yaseRussia, ezimeni eziningi, awakhulisa ezitshalweni, ukuze angazifaki engcupheni isivuno esizayo. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa engxenyeni yokuqala kaMashi.

Qiniseka ukuthi uzilungiselela kuqala imbewu. Okokuqala, zibekwe isigamu sehora ku-thermos egcwele amanzi ashisayo (45-50ºС), bese ngokoqobo kube ngumzuzu noma emibili bagcwaliswa ngamanzi abandayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwenqatshwa nakho kuyenziwa. Imbewu elintantayo ingaphonswa ngokushesha. Nakanjani ngeke ziqhume.

Izimbewu zeBrussels amahlumela, akunandaba ukuthi ziqoqwe zodwa noma zithengiwe, ukutshala kuqala kuyadingeka

Lapho-ke imbewu ifakwe isigamu sosuku esixazululweni sanoma iyiphi i-biostimulant. Ifanele njengesidakamizwa esithengiwe esitolo (i-Epin, i-Zircon, i-potassium humate), namakhambi esintu (ijusi le-aloe, i-asidi, u-honey luhlanjululwe ngamanzi). Ngemuva kwalokho, ziyagezwa futhi zigcinwe esiqandisini usuku, ebhokisini elikhethekile lokugcina imifino nezithelo.

Isigaba sokugcina sihlangana imizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwe-20 isixazululo sanoma iyiphi i-biofungicide (Ridomil Gold, Bayleton, Topaz). Ungayifaka esikhundleni se-raspberry potassium permanganate solution. Lokhu kuyadingeka ekuvinjelweni kwezifo zokukhunta, okuthi kunoma yikuphi ukuhlukahluka kweklabishi kutholakale kalula. Emva kwalokhu, imbewu ziyahlanzwa futhi, zomiswe zibe yisimo sokugeleza futhi zingatshalwa.

IBrussels ihluma imbewu ihluma ngokushesha ngokwanele, kodwa inqubo yonke yokukhula kwezithombo ithamba okungenani izinyanga ezimbili

Izithombo ezingamahlumela Brussels zikhule ngokusho kwe-algorithm elandelayo:

1. Ukusuka kunoma yikuphi ukufakelwa nokukha, isiko lihamba isikhathi eside ngokwenele futhi lukhuni, ngakho imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha kumabhodwe we-peat wesilinganiso esincane. Iziqukathi zigcwele ingxube yomhlaba wesod evundile noma i-humus, imfucumfucu yesihlabathi kanye nesihlabathi esiqhekekile, sithatha zonke izithako cishe ngokulinganayo. I-3-5 g ye-phosphorus kanye ne-potassium fertilizer kanye ne isipuni se-ash ash izinkuni noma ushoko ochotshoziwe ayengezwa ilitha ngalinye lenhlanganisela eqediwe. Inhlabathi kumele ihlanzwe. Cishe isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokutshala, i-substrate ithulule kahle ngamanzi.
2. Imbewu engu-2-3 ihlwanyelwa ethangini ngalinye, lizikhulise ngobukhulu obungama-1-1,5 cm. Ngemuva kwalokho zibeka ingilazi phezulu noma zelule ifilimu ukudala "umphumela wokugcina ukushisa" bese zidlulisa amabhodwe endaweni emnyama lapho zidinga ukugcinwa khona ekushiseni okungama-18-20ºС ngaphambi kokuhluma. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5.
3. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe kahle, izithombo zidinga amahora asemini okungenani amahora ayi-12 (mhlawumbe amahora angama-14-16) kanye lokushisa eliphansi. Ebusuku, kufanele kube 8-10ºС, phakathi nosuku - 14-16ºС. Kunzima ukudala izimo ezinjalo efulethini ngaphandle kokubandlulula izakhamuzi zakhona, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthatha izithombo ziyiswe ku-loggia ekhanyisiwe ebusuku, futhi uzigcine efasiteleni phakathi nosuku, zivame ukungena ngaphakathi egumbini. Ngidinga isibani sasemuva. Kulokhu, ama-fitolamp akhethekile, izibani ze-LED ngisho nezibani ezijwayelekile ze-fluorescent ziyafaneleka. Babekwe 25-30 cm ngaphezu kwamabhodwe nge-engela encane.
4. Isendlalelo sigcinwa njalo esimweni esimanzi ngokulinganayo. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi ungahambi kakhulu ngokunisela ukuze ugweme ukuthuthukiswa "komlenze omnyama". Isikhathi sokuqala amahlumela iBrussels siniselwa emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokutshala imbewu, khona-ke njalo ngezinsuku ezingama-2-3. Lapho izithombo zakha amaqabunga angempela angama-2-3, ziyondliwa. Isixazululo sezakhamzimba silungiswa ngokufaka kwilitha lamanzi ama-4-5 g we-superphosphate elula, 2-3 g ye-urea ne-1-2 g ye-potassium sulfate. Ungasebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezithombo zeziklabishi (iRostock, i-Agricola, i-Orton, i-WMD). Inqubo iphindwa ngemuva kwezinye izinsuku eziyi-12-15. Isikhathi ngasinye, cishe isigamu sehora ngemuva kokondla, izithombo zidinga ukuniselwa.
5. Izithombo zokugcina izithombo zeBrussels ziqala cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala. Isikhathi sokuhlala emoyeni esivulekile sinwetshwa kancane kancane sisuka emahoreni angama-2-3 siye emahoreni ayi-12-16. Ezinsukwini zokugcina ezingama-2-3, amathangi ngokuvamisile ashiywa "ukuchitha ubusuku" emgwaqweni.

Ividiyo: Ukuhlwanyela izithombo zeBrussels kuhluma izithombo

Izithombo zezinyanga ezimbili zitshalwe emhlabathini. Ngalesi sikhathi, izithombo kufanele zivele zinamaqabunga eqiniso angama-5-6. Ukuphakama kwabo okuphakathi kungama-18-20 cm, ukuqina kwesiqu kungamamitha ayi-5. Ngokuya ngesimo sezulu nesimo sezulu esifundeni, isikhathi esithile sokufika sisuka maphakathi no-Meyi kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi yokuqala kaJuni. Isonto ngaphambi, izithombo ziyeke ukuchelela, i-substrate emabhodweni iswakanyiswe kahle cishe ihora ngaphambi kwenqubo.

Ukuze kutshalwe izithombo khetha usuku olunamafu olungashisi. Noma udinga ukulinda kusihlwa lapho ilanga selishonile. Phakathi kwezitshalo ezigcina isikhathi esingama-55-60 cm, igebe elifanayo lishiywe phakathi kwemigqa yokutshala.

Izithombo zokuhluma zeBrussels zitshalwa kahle lapho kunesimo sezulu esinamafu, okokuqala ngqa zivikeleke elangeni eliqondile

Ukujula komgodi wokutshala amahlumela eBrussels kungamasentimitha ayi-12-16. I-humus encane, isipuni somlotha wezinkuni sithululelwa phansi. Ukuxosha izinambuzane - ikhasi le-anyanisi. Ama-Wells achitha kahle ngamanzi afudumele. Amahlumela Brussels atshalwe "odakeni." Izithombo zingcwatshwa emhlabathini ziye emaqabunga aphansi kakhulu. Umhlabathi osesiqwini uhlanganiswe kahle ukuze isithombo ngeke "siphume" emhlabathini lapho sikhula. Ngemuva kwalokho izitshalo ziphinda ziniselwa ngamanzi amaningi, zichitha cishe ilitha lamanzi ngakunye, bese zilimeka inhlabathi lapho umswakama usungenwa. Ngezinsuku zokuqala ezingama-7, ama-arc afakwa ngaphezulu kwezithombo zeBrussels amahlumela futhi noma iyiphi into embozwe okumhlophe idonswa kuwo, ayivikele elangeni eliqondile, kuze kube yilapho izitshalo zimila endaweni entsha.

I-mulching isindisa isikhathi somgcini wegadi weeding nokhula

Indawo yeBrussels ihlumela likhulu impela, futhi ivuthwa kancane. Ukuze ugcine isikhala esizeni, amakhambi abilisiwe atshalwe ematholeni. Enye inketho i-marigold, i-calendula, i-lavender ne-chamomile. Zesabisa izinambuzane eziningi kusiko.

Ukutshala nokulungisa imbewu yamahlumela ama-brussels

Ngokuqondile engadini yembewu yeBrussels ihluma ngethemba lokuthola isivuno eRussia kungahlwanyelwa esifundeni soLwandle Olumnyama kuphela. Kwesinye isikhathi izinhlobo zokuqala zingatshalwa ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, kepha kuphela uma intwasahlobo nehlobo zinenhlanhla enkulu ngesimo sezulu. Futhi abalimi bazama ukungabeki engcupheni isivuno esizayo.

Isiko lisabela ngokubi ngisho nasekufiphiseni kancane, amakhanda eklabishi noma awakheki nhlobo, noma axegayo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kombhede namaBrussels amahlumela, indawo evulekile yabiwa, ikhanyiswe kahle futhi ifudumele ilanga.

Ama-brussels amahlumela awakwazi ukubekezelela noma umthunzi okhethiweyo oyingxenye, indawo ekhethiweyo yakhelwa yona, iningi losuku elikhanyiswe yilanga

Lesi siko sithanda isakhi sendawo evundile, kepha esingatheni esivumelana nokuphendula okungathathi hlangothi kwe-acid. Ilungele yona. Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, inhlabathi enjalo entwasahlobo iyakhuphuka ngokushesha kusuka eqhweni futhi ifudumele ifinyelele kumazinga okushisa afiselekayo.

Amahlumela weBrussels akafuneki kangako kwikhwalithi yenhlabathi kune-iklabishi emhlophe, kepha endaweni eyisigaxa “esindayo” ngeke ikhule futhi ikhule ngenxa yokuncipha kwezimpande ezinganele, futhi izitshalo ezinde futhi ezinkudlwana zizovele zivele emhlabathini onesihlabathi esikhanyayo, naphezu kohlelo lwempande olwakhiwe kahle.

Abanduleli abahle be-Brussels bahluma izitshalo ze-legume, noma yimiphi imifino yezimpande (ngaphandle kwama-beet), u-anyanisi negalikhi, namakhambi. Ama-Siderates nawo afanelekile, athukulula inhlabathi futhi egcwele i-nitrogen. Kepha emva kwabanye abamele umndeni Cruciferous (iklabishi, isithombo, isithombo, i-daikon) kanye nePaslyonovy (utamatisi, upelepele, isitshalo seqanda, amazambane), kungatshalwa ngaphambi kwalokho ngemuva kweminyaka engama-4-5.

Ulwelwe umbhede wamahlumela weBrussels selokhu liwile. Bawumbela ngokujula kwefosholo elilodwa le-bayonet, ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo bethula amalitha ama-8-10 we-humus nge-1 m². Kumanyolo, kudinga i-potash ne-phosphorus kuphela (15- 20 g / m² no-30- 40 g / m², ngokulandelana). Esikhundleni sokumbatha okuphezulu kwamaminerali (i-superphosphate, i-potassium sulfate), ungasebenzisa umlotha wezinkuni (0.5 l / m²). Ukwehla ngokweqile kwe-acidity akuhlanganisiwe nofulawa we-dolomite noma i-egghell powder echobozekile. Zigcwalisa inhlabathi nge-calcium, isidingo sayo sokuthi ihlumela iBrussels liphezulu kakhulu.

Ufulawa weDolomite - i-deoxidizer yemvelo yenhlabathi, uma umthamo ubonwa, awunayo imiphumela emibi

Entwasahlobo, cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10 ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu, inhlabathi embhedeni kufanele idedelwe kahle futhi ichithwe ngesisombululo esikhanyayo esinemibala ye-potassium enemibala eqinile noma noma isiphi isibulala magciwane sokusabalalisa ukungasebenzi kwegciwane. Ngemuva kwalokho, iqiniswa ngefilimu emnyama, ekhishwa kuphela ngaphambi kokufika. Kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukwenza umquba omusha entwasahlobo. Lokhu kuvimbela kakhulu inqubo yokuphuma.

I-Wood ash - umthombo we-potassium ne-phosphorus

Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emhlabathini eminyakeni eyishumi yesibili ka-Ephreli. Ukushisa ebusuku ngalesi sikhathi akufanele kwehle ngaphansi kuka-5ºº. Inkomba yansuku zonke - okungenani i-18ºС. Kubo, amalungiselelo afanayo wokufanekisa ayenziwa njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla. Kuhlwanyelwa inhlabathi, kukhula ubukhulu be-1-2 cm, ngesilinganiso esifanayo njengezithombo. Emgodini ngamunye faka izingcezu ezi-2-3. Fafaza imbewu ngenhla nge-peat crumb noma nge-humus, kuze kuvele izithombo, umbhede umbozwe ngefilimu. Ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-7-10.

Ukunakekela izithombo endaweni evulekile kwehluka kancane kulokho izithombo zamahlumela zeBrussels ezidingekayo. Kepha kukhona umehluko. Inhlabathi esembhedeni kufanele isuswe ukhula njalo. Ukuvikela kusuka elangeni eliqondile, bagcina iklabishi isikhathi esingange inyanga nesigamu ngaphansi kwekholomu noma ikhava ngamagatsha wefir, amabhakede amadala. Nisela kakhulu ngokulinganisela, njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7. Emavikini amabili aqhamukile, umbhede ufafazwa ngothuli noma ngopelepele obomvu womhlabathi ukuze uvikeleke kugqiza olubethelwayo. Noma, ungaphatha izitshalo nomhlabathi nganoma yisiphi isidakamizwa esinconyelwe ukulwa naso.

Imbewu yeBrussels ihlumela emhlabathini ovulekile itshalwa emgodini, bese izithombo zinciphile

Esigabeni seqabunga leqiniso lesibili noma lesithathu, imbewu ihlungwa ngaphandle, kushiya isitshalo esisodwa kuphela, esinamandla kakhulu futhi sikhule, emgodini ngamunye. Ukusikwa okungadingekile ngesikere noma ukucindezela eduze kwenhlabathi. Azikwazi ukukhishwa ukuze zingalimazi izimpande zohlobo olukhethiwe.

Iziphakamiso Zokukhathalela Izitshalo

Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bokuqhakaza kwamaBrussels abufani kakhulu nemisebenzi yokunakekelwa kweklabishi elimhlophe.Kepha kukhona ama-nuances abalulekile okufanele ufunde ngawo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ukuthi eBrussels amahlumela, amasonto angama-3-4 ngaphambi kokuvunwa okulindelekile, udinga ukuphina isiqu futhi unqume wonke amahlamvu asesokeni ukuze izakhamzimba nomswakama ovela ezimpandeni ziqonde ikakhulu emakhanda iklabishi, ngaleso sikhathi okufanele lifike usayizi wepea. Ngenxa yale nqubo, inani labo nosayizi kuyanda. Kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezivuthwe sekwephuzile.

Ngokwemvelo, udinga ukhula njalo ukhulula umbhede. Ukusakazeka amahlumela eBrussels akunconywa - amakhanda eklabishi (kanye nabakhulu kunawo wonke) aboshwe ngisho naphansi kwesiqu. Ukuthukulula kwenziwa ngokucophelela, kuze kufike ekujuleni okuyi-8-10 cm. Ngokufanele, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye. Ungqimba lwe-mulch luvuselelwa njengoba kudingeka. I-mulching isiza umgcini wegadi ukuthi alondoloze isikhathi ekhula, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-peat, humus, utshani obusanda kusikwa bugcina umswakama enhlabathini. Izitshalo kuzodingeka ziniselwe kaningi. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi kulabo balimi abangahlali kusayithi unomphela.

Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi, iBrussels yi-hygrophilous. Kuya ngokuthi ihlobo lifudumele futhi lina kangakanani ihlobo, liniselwa kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 (esimweni sezulu esivamile sesiko) noma kabili ngosuku (uma kunokushisa okukhulu futhi akukho mvula isikhathi eside). Umswakama ubuye ufiseleke kakhulu (70% noma ngaphezulu), ukuze izitshalo ezingeziwe zingafafazwa kusihlwa.

Amahlumela weBrussels adinga ukuthambisa ejwayelekile, lokhu kusebenza kuzo zombili izithombo ezincane nezitshalo ezindala

Izinga lokusebenzisa amanzi licishe libe ngu-35-40 l / m² kuze kube yilapho ikhanda leklabishi selakhiwe kanye no-45-50 l / m² ngemuva kwalokho. Kungcono ukunisela amahlumela eBrussels ukumanzisa inhlabathi ngokulinganayo. Ukuchelela ukunisela nakho kufanelekile kuye, kodwa ukuthulula amanzi ngqo ngaphansi kwezimpande kuyinto engathandeki. Uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo alunamibono engaphezulu, bavulelwa ngokushesha bese bomile.

Ukusuka kumanyolo, isiko likhetha izinto zemvelo. Isikhathi sokuqala ukuhluma kweBrussels kudliswa izinsuku eziyi-15 - 20 ngemuva kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini noma ngenyanga nesigamu ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo.

Izitshalo ezincane zidinga i-nitrogen ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwesisindo esiluhlaza. Bakaniselwa ngesisombululo se-Azofoski, Nitroammofoski, Diammofoski (25-30 g ngama-10 amalitha amanzi). Esikhathini esizayo, ngamanyolo aqukethe i-nitrogen, udinga ukuqaphela - ukweqisa kwawo kuthinta kabi ukungavikeleki kwesitshalo, kugqugquzela ukunqwabelana kwama-nitrate emakhanda iklabishi futhi kuvimbela inqubo yokwakheka kwawo.

I-nitrogen esezingeni elifanele ivuselela amahlumela amaBrussels ukwakha inqwaba eluhlaza, kanti ukweqisa kwayo kuya kulimaza isivuno esizayo

Kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi, imvamisa kanye emavikini ayi-1.5-2, amahlumela amaBrussels aniselwa ngokufakwa komquba omusha, imisele yenyoni, imifino ye-nettle noma amaqabunga e-dandelion. Yilungiselele izinsuku ezingama-3-4, ubeke izinto zokusetshenziswa ethangini bese uthela amanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho isitsha kumele sivalwe ngesivalo bese sishiyelwa elangeni. Ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa, umanyolo uyahlungwa bese ufakwa engxenyeni ka-1: 10 noma i-1-15 uma kungama-droppings. Ungashintsha okunye ukugqoka okunjalo ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wesitolo weklabishi.

Ukumiliselwa kweNettle - Umanyolo ongokwemvelo futhi onemvelo ngokuphelele

Amakhanda asafufusa weklabishi adinga i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Maphakathi no-Septhemba, i-25-30 g ye-potassium sulfate ne-50-60 g ye-superphosphate elula isatshalaliswa embhedeni kwifomu elomile noma izitshalo ziniselwa ngesixazululo, zinciphisa inani elikhonjisiwe kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Kumanyolo wemvelo ngalesi sikhathi, ungasebenzisa ukumiliselwa komlotha wezinkuni (0.5 amalitha ngamalitha ama-3 amanzi abilayo). Okunye efanelekile yi-ABA, amalungiselelo we-Autumn.

Ividiyo: ikhula futhi inakekela amahlumela eBrussels

Izifo, izilokazane nokulawula kwazo

Izifo nezinambuzane ziyisithende "sama-Achilles" ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zeklabishi. Brussels kulokhu akukho lutho. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu kuyimpoqo, balandela uhlelo lokutshala futhi bangakhohlwa ngokujikeleza kwezitshalo.

Kwezinambuzane, ingozi enkulu kusiko yile:

• I-Cruciferous flea. Abantu abadala nezibungu zabo badla izicubu zezitshalo, baphenduka amaqabunga eklabishi abe ngesihlungo endabeni yezinsuku. Ngemuva kwalokho, zoma ngokushesha, isitshalo siyafa. Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zenkathazo, iklabishi ifafazwa ngamanzi ayixutshwe nosawoti weviniga (15 ml nge-10 l). Uma ungekho umphumela, sebenzisa izidakamizwa i-Actellik, Aktara, Foxim. Ukuzijwayeza kukhombisa ukuthi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwelethisi lamaqabunga elitshalwe ezindaweni zokugcotshwa kwemvelo linciphisa inkathazo.
• Impukane yeklabishi. Izibungu zesikhwanyana zihlala ezimpandeni zesitshalo, sizidle zisuka ngaphakathi. Bese bedlulela ezihlahleni, lapho futhi benza "imigudu" emide. Ukuvimbela, inhlabathi uthuliwe ngenhlanganisela yothuli lukasikilidi, isifufa somlotha wezinkuni kanye nopelepele womhlabathi, othathwe ngokulingana okulingana, isonto nesigamu ngemuva kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini. Ukwesabisa ukubanjwa kwabantu abadala, kufafazwa nge-infusion ye-tansy noma i-celandine. Uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa ngobuningi, kusetshenziswa ama-Ambush, amaRovikurt, namaCorsair.
• Ikhokhonathi yeklabishi scoops. Amacimbi amakhulu ansundu-beige adla amaqabunga, aqala emaphethelweni. Ngokwezinsuku ezi-2 kuya kwezi-2 kuphela kususelwa imisele kuphela kubo. Isitshalo siyoma futhi sifa. Ukuvimbela, inhlabathi embhedeni ivulwa njalo, iklabishi ifafazwa ngegwebu likotishi oluhlaza okotshani noma insipho yokuwasha, ukufakwa komlotha wokhuni. Abantu abadala babhujiswa ngokufisa nge-pheromone noma izicupho ezenziwe ekhaya (iziqukathi ezijulile ezihlanjululwe ngamanzi, uju, ujamu, isiraphu kashukela). Izidakamizwa zabo zesatshiswa iLepidocide, Bitoxibacillin. Ukulwa nezibungu, izitshalo nenhlabathi engadini kufafazwe ngesisombululo seFufanon, i-Actellik, iBelofos, i-Talkord.
• Ama-aphid. Cishe zonke izitshalo zasengadini zihlupheka kusuka kule nkathazo kuya kwesinye isilinganiso noma kwesinye. Ama-aphid ahlasela izitshalo kuwo wonke amakoloni, anamathela ngokoqobo ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, phezulu kwesiqu, namaqanda amaqanda amakhanda eklabishi. Udla izijusi zezitshalo. Izicubu ezithintekayo zimbozwe amachashazi amancane abonakala kahle ku-lumen, amaqabunga onakele futhi omile. Lesi sinambuzane sesaba kude namahlumela eBrussels, sifefa ngemifino yanoma yisiphi isitshalo enephunga elishiwoyo. I-peel ye-orange, amaqabunga kagwayi owomile, i-pepper ebomvu yomhlabathi, i-mustard powder inomphumela ofanayo. Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7, uma i-aphid isivele yavela esitshalweni - izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngosuku. Uma kwenzeka ukuhlasela okuningi kwezinambuzane, kusetshenziswa noma yiziphi izinambuzane ezijwayelekile - i-Inta-Vir, iCalypso, iFury, i-Iskra-Bio, iKomandor.
• Iminenke kanye nama-slugs. Zidla ngezicubu zezitshalo, zidla izimbobo ezinkulu ngamaqabunga namakhanda eklabishi. Ngaphezulu kukhona ungqimba lwenhlanganisela yesiliva enamathelayo. Izithombo ezincane zingabhujiswa ngokuphelele. Impilo yeshelufu lamahlumela amaBrussels onakele incishisiwe kakhulu, futhi angifuni ngempela ukuyidla. Ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kwama-slugs yinto eyivelakancane. Kulesi simo kuphela lapho kufanele usebenzise amakhemikhali (i-Meta, i-Thunder, i-Sludge Eater), kukho konke okunye ongakwenza ngamakhambi abantu. Izimbotshana zidonswa izindiza zisebenzisa izicupho, zimbe emhlabathini zisike amabhodlela epulasitiki noma ezinye iziqukathi ezijulile, zizigcwalise ngebhiya, i-kvass ebilisiwe, izingcezu zeklabishi noma zomvini wezithelo. Izinambuzane ngazinye zingaqoqwa ngesandla - azinamandla okufihla, empeleni, nazo azifani ngejubane lokuhamba. Iziqu zezitshalo zizungezwe "izithiyo" zesihlabathi esiqhekekile, izinaliti ezinamahlumela, izimbotshana zamaqanda noma amantongomane angaphansi komhlaba.

Igalari yezithombe: ukuthi iziphi izinambuzane eziyingozi kumahlumela amaBrussels zibukeka kanjani

Kulezifo, iBrussels iyahluma kakhulu ihlushwa isikhunta. Imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala kumele ifakwe kwisisombululo se-fungicide. Kepha lokhu akuniki isiqinisekiso samaphesenti ayikhulu sokuvikelwa ezifweni, ikakhulukazi uma ukunakekelwa kokutshala kungabizwa ngokuthi kulungile. Imvamisa, amahlumela eBrussels ahlaselwa yilezi zifo ezilandelayo:

• Wonke. Ukhula lwe-Ugly olufana nezimila luvela ezimpandeni. Engxenyeni esemoyeni yesitshalo, isikhunta asiveli nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kubukeka sengathi iklabishi liyama ekuthuthukisweni futhi liyafa ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ekuvimbeleni izifo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka ukujikeleza kwezilimo. Isitshalo se-keel esithintekile singadwengulwa kuphela futhi sishiswe ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela siqede umthombo wokutheleleka. Inhlabathi ekule ndawo yokuhlonza izidumbu ichithwa ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi noma i-Bordeaux fluid (0.5 l nge-0 l lamanzi).
• Ukubola okumhlophe. Isikhunta sikhula kahle enhlabathini ene-acidic noma i-nitrogen. Amaqabunga namakhanda iklabishi ambozwe ungqimba lwethanga elimhlophe, elifana nopende wokupenda. Kancane kancane, kuba mnyama, izingxenye ezithintekayo ziyeke ukukhula futhi ziwohloke, izicubu ziba nsundu bese zibola. Esezingeni lokukhula, lesi sifo asikwazi ukwelashwa. Uma kuthinte kuphela amaqabunga ngamanye, izicubu ezinaleli gciwane ziyavezwa, “amanxeba” ayagezwa nge-2% yethusi sulfate, bese kuthi ikhabhoni efakwe kugesi enziwe impuphu ivele ibe yimpuphu. Inhlabathi ichithwa ngesisombululo sanoma isiphi isikhunta.
• Ukubola okubolile. Amaqabunga namakhanda eklabishi ambozwe izindawo ezikhanyayo ze-beige-beige ezinamabala amancane amnyama. Ngaphansi kweqabunga kuthola umbala ongeyona wemvelo we-lilac. Izicubu ezithintekile zigawulwa ngommese obukhali, isitshalo siphathwa ngeTiram, Fitosporin-M.
• Umlenze Omnyama. Lesi sifo sithinta izithombo futhi sikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma ungenzi lutho, ungalahlekelwa yisilimo esisele kulesi sigaba. Isisekelo se-stem siyamnyama bese sithambisa, isitshalo siyoma futhi somile. Ukuvikela izithombo, ushoko ochotshoziwe noma umlotha wokhuni kumele wengezwe enhlabathini yesithombo. Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zokukhula kwesikhunta, ukuchelela kuncishiswa kube okungenani okudingekayo, amanzi athathelwa indawo ngesisombululo se-pink potassium permanganate ekhanyayo. Izithombo ne-substrate ifafazwe ngeFitosporin-M, Fitolavin, Bactofit. Lapho ngifaka iklabishi embhedeni wegadi, kufakwa iTrinodermin noma iGliocladin emigodini.
• I-Peronosporosis (Downy isikhutha). Uhlangothi lwangaphambili lweshidi lumbozwe amabala aluhlaza aphuzi, uhlangothi olungalungile luqiniswa ungqimba oluqhubekayo lwe-ash plaque. Izicubu ezithintekile ziba mnyama futhi zibole. Ukugwema ukulinyazwa ukhunta, inhlabathi embhedeni ifafazwa ngomlotha wezinkuni, isalfure ye-colloidal, amashiphu kagwayi. Emabangeni okuqala okukhula kwalesi sifo, kungenzeka ukuthi ubhekane namakhambi abantu - isoda le-soda lihlanjululwe ngamanzi, igwebu lensipho lokuwasha, isixazululo esikhanyayo se-pink potassium permanganate. Uma kungazange kuqashelwe ngesikhathi, kusetshenziswa ama-fungicides - i-Alirin-B, iTopaz, iHorus, iBaikal-EM nokunye. Kukhona futhi amathuluzi asevivinywe isizukulwane esingaphezu kwesisodwa sabalimi futhi afakazisile ukusebenza kwawo - iBordeaux liquid ne-sulfate yethusi.
• I-Alternariosis (ibala elimnyama). Amacembe ambozwe izindawo ezincane ezimpunga-ezimnyama, kancane kancane ziba izindandatho ezihlanganayo. Lapho-ke ziyabuna ngokushesha bese zomile. Izindlela zokuvimbela nokulawula ziyafana ne-peronosporiosis.

Igalari yezithombe: Izimpawu ejwayelekile zeziBrossels amahlumela izifo

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Musa ukushesha ukuvuna amahlumela eBrussels uma ukubanda kusondela. Ukuzilolonga kukhombisa ukuthi izimfanelo zokunambitha zamakhabishi ikhula kuphela kusukela ekuchayelweni kwamazinga okushisa aphansi (ngaphakathi -6-7 ° C). Kepha uma kulindeleke ukuthi ipholile ibe ngu-10ºº futhi iphansi, leli siko ngeke likubekezelele lokhu. Isiqu sinqunywa phansi, irosette yamaqabunga inqunywa phezulu. Kuleli fomu, amakhanda iklabishi angagcinwa cishe inyanga.

Musa ukushesha ukuvuna amahlumela amaBrussels, noma ngabe kuneqhwa, amazinga okushisa amancane amabi eklabishi

Futhi uma ukhipha isitshalo sonke enhlabathini, usike amaqabunga bese ugaya engaphansi noma emiphongolweni, umboza izimpande nge-peat emanzi noma ngesihlabathi, isikhathi sikhuphukela ezinyangeni ezi-3-4. Amahlumela Brussels ngeke athathe isikhala esiningi - kuze kufike ku-30 ​​izitshalo ezingabekwa 1 m². Ukudla okuvela esiqu kuyaqhubeka ukugeleza emakhanda iklabishi, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokugcinwa kukhuphuka ivolumu xaxa.

Ukuze uvune, khetha usuku olomile, olunamafu, nolupholile. Imvamisa, amakhanda anqunywa, kancane kancane enyusa isiqu sesitshalo kusuka phansi. Isiginali sokuthi inhloko elandelayo yokuvuthwa iyiqabunga elomile noma eliwile esifubeni salo. Njengomthetho, amahlumela okuqala eBrussels asikwa ngasikhathi, sekwephuzile - ngokuba "kusondele" okungama-2-3.

Impilo yamashalofu ephezulu yizinyanga eziyi-3-4. Izinhloko zeklabishi zigawulwa kanye "nesiphunzi", ezihlanganiswe kuso esiqwini, bese kukhethwa lezo lapho kungekho monakalo omncane kakhulu wokulimazelwa izinambuzane, ukubola, isikhunta njalonjalo. Zibekwe emabhokisini amancane noma emabhodini amakhadibhodi, afafazwe nge-sawdust, isihlabathi, ukusikwa kwezinkuni, izingxenyana zezindaba. Ungasonga ngayinye ngefilimu yepulasitiki, kepha kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi. Amabhokisi agcinwa esitezi esingaphansi komhlaba, egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba, kwenye indawo emnyama enomoya omuhle, okugcina ukushisa okuhlala njalo kungu-2-4ºС kanye nomswakama womoya ezingeni lama-70-80%.

Ukuvunwa kweBrussels amahlumela kugcinwa isikhathi eside uma ungagawuli amakhanda eklabishi

Esiqandisini, endaweni ekhethekile yezithelo nemifino, amahlumela eBrussels azolala amasonto angekho ngaphezu kuka-4-6. Ukugcina isivuno isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka kuzosiza ukuqandisa. Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, izinzuzo nokunambitheka kwamakhanda akuhluphi unyaka nesigamu.

Ukuvunwa kweBrussels amahlumela ukuvuna ngokushesha noma izikhathi ezingama-2-3, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo

Amakhanda eklabishi ahloselwe ukufudumala ahlanzwa, amaqabunga aphezulu ayasuswa uma omile noma onakele. Ngemuva kwalokho bacwiliswa emanzini abandayo imizuzu engu-15, emva kwalokho bayakhanywa emanzini abilayo imizuzu engama-2-3. Uketshezi olwedlulele uvunyelwe ukushela, iklabishi lithunyelwa imizuzu embalwa efrijini, elisebenza kumodi yokuqothula “yokushaqisa”, lisakaza amakhanda kumashidi okubhaka ambozwe amathawula amaphepha. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ngokushesha zibekwa ezikhwameni ezinezinamathiselo ezifakwe uphawu bese zithunyelwa ukuze zigcinwe. AmaBrussels aphekwe eqandisiwe ngaphambi kokusebenzela isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, empeleni imizuzu engama-2-3.

Ukuqandisa kusiza ukugcina ukunambitheka kanye nezinzuzo zeBrussels amahlumela isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka

Ividiyo: IBrussels ihlumela inqubo yokuqandisa

Ukutshala izithombo zeBrussels, ezingagcini ngokunambitheka kakhulu, kepha futhi zilungele impilo, akunzima ikakhulukazi. Isithiyo esikhulu kumgcini wegadi yisimo sezulu. Kepha uma usitshala ngezithombo, unakekela izitshalo kahle, kungenzeka ukuthola isivuno esihle. Futhi ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo, isiko le-thermophilic nalo likhule kusuka ezinhlanyelweni ezihlwanyelwe ngqo engadini.