I-Yoshta isichibi esingazethembisi kangangokuba sikhule endaweni eyodwa kuze kube iminyaka engama-30. Ukuphakama kwezihlahla ngazinye kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5, futhi ububanzi bezinhlobo eziningi zikhula ngamamitha ayi-1.5 kuphela. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi lesi sitshalo akuvamile ukuthi sihlaselwe yizinambuzane futhi cishe asithinteki ezifweni, simelana nesithwathwa futhi 'siveziwe' ngokuphelele - ngaphandle kwameva. Kepha ngaphandle kwazo zonke lezi zici, ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kuyadingeka ukuthola isivuno esihle.
Umlando okhulayo
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-1900s, abafuyi bezinkampani banquma ukuthuthukisa ama-gooseberries nama-currants amnyama - ukwenza amajikijolo, izinzuzo eziphambili zawo obekuzoba:
Ithebula: Kulindelwe ukutholwa kokuzalela kwe-yoshta kusuka "kubazali"
| Ugqumugqumu | I-currant emnyama |
| Ukuntuleka komgogodla | Ukumelana nokukhishwa kwezinso kanye ne-terry |
| Ukukhiqiza | Amajikijolo aqukethe Vitamin |
| Izithelo ezinkulu | |
Umsebenzi wokwakhiwa kwe-hybrid enjalo wenziwa emazweni amaningana ngasikhathi sinye: eRussia - I.V. IMichurin, e-USA, Germany, Sweden, Hungary. Imizamo yokuqala yokuwela ama-gooseberry nama-currant yanikeza imiphumela edabukisayo: ama-nzalo amane nje afa, futhi abasindayo baba yinyumba ngokuphelele.
Kuphela ngo-1970, ngosizo lobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo nangaphansi kwethonya lemisebe namalungiselelo wamakhemikhali, bathola izithombo ezikhiqiza izithelo zokuqala. Babizwa ngokuthi yoshta - kusuka ezinhlamvwini zokuqala uJohannisbeere - ama-currants kanye noStachelbeere - ama-gooseberries.
Ngeshwa, i-hybrid yayingeyona neze i-berry enhle kangako njengoba kwakuhlelelwe. Isihlahla sikhule ngempela sikhulu futhi ngaphandle kwameva, amaqabunga afana nama-gooseberry, kodwa akhulu kakhulu ngosayizi. Amajikijolo akhethwa emabhulashini ayi-5 izingcezu, amnandi futhi omuncu, ongaphansi kwe-blackcurrant kokuqukethwe kwe-Vitamin C, kepha izikhathi ezi-2-4 eziphakeme kune-gooseberry.
I-Yoshta yi-hybrid etholakala ngokuwela ama-blackcurrants, ukusakazwa kwe-gooseberries, nama-gooseberries.
Iphuzu elibuthakathaka likaYoshta kwaba umkhiqizo walo. Ngokusho kokucatshangelwa okuningi, kukhona okumbalwa kakhulu amajikijolo esihlahleni kunama-currants nama-gooseberry, yize kwesinye isikhathi kunokubuyekezwa kwabalimi be-amateur ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinikeza ngaphezu kwama-6 kg ngesizini. Futhi ukudla okuguqulwe ngofuzo kusasaba ukukudla.
Kodwa-ke, abafuyi bezilwane bazuze ukumelana kwalesi hybrid ezifweni ezahlukahlukene nasezinambuzaneni.
Amakati amahle nanamandla amane nje alungele uthango, lukhula lodwa futhi empeleni aludingi izihlahla
Ividiyo: kafushane ngama-hybrid ama-currants nama-gooseberries
Ukuchaza kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo
Njengoba i-hybrid yafuywa emazweni amaningana futhi kwasetshenziswa izinhlobo ezihlukile "zabazali," ngasizathu simbe abathengisi babiza noma yikuphi okususwayo kwama-currants ngama-gooseberries yoshta, kanti Okwamanje, umehluko kwesinye isikhathi mkhulu kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zihlanganisa: EMB, Yohini, Rekst, Moro, Kroma naseKrondal.
Ithebula: Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu
| Igama lezinhlobonhlobo, indawo evela kuyo | Usayizi we-Bush | Kushiya | Izimbali, amajikijolo, umkhiqizo | Isici sebanga |
| EMB, eBrithani | 1,7 m ukuphakama kanye no-1.8 m ububanzi | Ukwakheka kwamaqabunga kufana ne-currant, umbala uyafana nalowo wama-gooseberries | Iqhakaza kusuka maphakathi no-Ephreli amasonto ama-2. Amajikijolo anesisindo esingu-5 amagremu, okumnandi, okukhumbuza ama-gooseberries. Izithelo zilungile, kepha ukuvuthwa akulingani | Iyamelana ne-anthracnose, i-Powusy isikhutha, kepha ingathinteka umkhaza wezinso. Ukubekezelela isomiso |
| UJohini, eJalimane | Kufika kumamitha ayi-2 ukuphakama, ububanzi buyi-1.5 metres | Amagxolo afana ne-gooseberry, futhi amaqabunga afana nama-currants, kepha anephunga | Izimbali zinkulu, zingu-3-4 kubhulashi. Amajikijolo ayindilinga, amnandi. Ngenkathi, ungabutha kuze kufike ku-10 kg esihlahleni | Vuna okuhlukahlukene ngama-dessert flavour amajikijolo |
| I-Rext, eRussia | Inamandla, ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5 | Amahlamvu kaGooseberry | Amajikijolo amnyama, ayindilinga, amagremu ama-3 ngalinye, amnandi. Ukusuka esihlahleni ungaqoqa ngaphezu kwama-5 kg | Ukumelana neqhwa, ukumelana nezinambuzane zezinso, i-anthracnose, i-powdery hlobo |
| Moro | Amamitha ayi-2,5 ukuphakama, ububanzi obuncane. | Amahlamvu kaGooseberry | Amajikijolo amnyama anephunga le-natimeg nokunambitheka okumnandi nokunoshukela, amakhulu, njenge-cherry, angaboli; uthele kuze kufike ku-12 kg | Ukumelana neqhwa, ukumelana nezifo |
| IKrome, eSweden | Inamandla, ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5 | Amaqabunga e-Gooseberry | Kutholakala kuma-currant ama-currant amnyama uKarelsky, ama-gooseberries kanye nama-currants amhlophe, akhula ngokushesha. Amajikijolo ohlelweni wokuvuthwa aguqula ukunambitheka kwawo kusuka ku-gooseberry - engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo, kuya ku-currant - ngokuphela kwehlobo, ungakhubeki | Ubunzima ngamagatsha awugqinsi, njengomuthi, amelana nezilokazane |
| I-Krondal, eMelika | Akukho ngaphezu kwe-1.7 m kuzo zonke izindlela | Isimo seqabunga le-currant | Kutholwe kusuka ku-gooseberries nama-currant egolide.Izimbali ziphuzi, amajikijolo anambitha njengama-gooseberries. | Amajikijolo anezithombo ezinkulu kakhulu |
I-hybrid of Rike nayo yazalelwa eHungary, kepha akukho lutho olwaziwa ngayo.
Igalari yezithombe: izinhlobo nezinhlobo zama-yoshta
- Ama-Moro yoshta amajikijolo awakhubeki ngemuva kokuvuthwa, amakhulu kakhulu, ngokunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu
- Izinhlobo ze-EMB ezifuyelwe e-UK, ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo kufana kakhulu nama-gooseberries, amakhulu impela
- Izinhlobo ze-Yohini zihlukaniswa amnandi amajikijolo amnandi
- I-crondal etshalwe e-USA - i-hybrid yama-gooseberries kanye ne-currants zegolide
- Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Rekst ezifuywayo eRussia, amajikijolo amnyama, acwebezelayo, anesisindo esingama-gramu amathathu
I-Yoshta Phased Landing
Le hybrid ingakhombisa ukukhiqiza okuhle kuphela enhlabathini evundile:
- ubumba ne-humus kufanele kufakwe enhlabathini enesihlabathi;
- uma inhlabathi esakhiweni isinda, ubumba, khona-ke qiniseka ukuthi uthela isihlabathi kanye nomquba emgodini wokutshala.
Inhlabathi ekahle yokutshala i-yoshta yi-chernozem ne-loam evundile.
Lapho amanzi asemhlabathini eseduze (1-1,5 metres), bamba umgodi ojulile wokubamba, yenza ungqimba wokudonsa amanzi okungenani ama-15 cm futhi uqiniseke ukutshala isihlahla esimnyama noma i-gooseberry bush esiseduze ukwenza impova yoshta iphumelele kakhudlwana.
Indawo nesikhathi azikwazi ukushintshwa
Isihlahla esikhulu esinjalo sidinga isikhala, ngakho-ke sitshale ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinelanga, akukho eduze kwamamitha ayi-1.5 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Okuhlukile ukutshala ngenhloso yokuhlobisa: ibanga phakathi kwezithombo lingaba ngama-50 cm.
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala kubhekwa njengokuqala kwentwasahlobo - ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu. Uma kutshalwe kamuva, ngamaqabunga nohlelo lwezimpande olungenalutho, lesi sitshalo esincane singafa ngenxa yokuphuma komswakama ngokweqile ngamapuleti eqabunga. Izithombo ze-Yoshta, ezitshalwe ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, zinezimpande kahle; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi sitshalo kungenzeka singabi nesikhathi sokuzikhulisa ngokwaso ekuqandeni futhi sife ngamakhaza aqandayo, ngakho-ke uma uthole ihlumela elincane ngoNovemba, kungcono ukusisika futhi usitshale ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ukuze ugaye isitshalo esincane, kufanele ukhethe indawo engakhukhulwanga ngamanzi entwasahlobo. Akufanele kube khona imigodi yomquba noma amathanga otshani lapho amagundane angabusika khona.
Izimbotshana zembiwa emigodini ebilungiselelwe ngaphambili ngethambeka elibheke eningizimu; ebusika, amamitha ayi-1-1,5 eqhwa kufanele abekwe ezitshalweni
Ukukhetha Izithombo
Izikhungo zokugcina izingane ezahlukahlukene zithengisa izithombo ze-yoshta ngazo zombili uhlelo oluvaliwe nolunye oluvulekile. Endabeni yezimpande ezingenalutho, naka isimo sabo: Izimpande ezomile nezikhubazekile kungenzeka zingangeni izimpande, futhi isitshalo sizofa.
Ngaphezu kwezimpande, isithombo ngokwaso kumele siphinde siphile: kulokhu, amagxolo esiqwini akhiwa ngesikhonkwane, futhi uma kuluhlaza, ukutshala okujwayelekile
Ngesikhathi sokutshala ekwindla, amaqabunga kufanele anqunywe esitshalweni ukuze isiqu esivela eqabunga sihlale esiqwini - ukuze ungazilimazi izinso. Izithombo zentwasahlobo zithengwa kangcono ngama-buds angaqinisekisiwe. Uma i-yoshta ithengiswa esitsheni, ungasitshala noma ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka esifudumele, kepha ehlobo elishisayo isihlahla ngaphezu kwalokho sidinga ukubanjiswa yisibuko esivela elangeni.
Ukufakelwa kwesihlwanyelo esivela elangeni esibonelweni samagilebhisi asetshenziswa uma ukutshala kwenziwa ngosuku olushisayo
Ilungiselela isiza sokufika
Iningi lemithombo yezingane seluleka ukungahlengi imigodi yokutshala ehlukile, kepha ukufaka i-humus noma umquba kanye nokunye kukamanyolo wezimbiwa kuyo yonke indawo lapho izokhula khona izihlahla. Ngomhlaka 1 m2 mane uthele amabhakede ama-1-2 womquba noma i-humus ne-1 litre lomlotha, gaya inhlabathi kahle bese uwushiya amasonto ambalwa. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ungatshala izithombo.
Uma kungekho ndlela yokufaka umanyolo kuyo yonke le ndawo ngaphansi kwezihlahlana, bese:
- Bagebha imigodi engu-50x50x50 cm ngosayizi ebangeni lamamitha ayi-1.5-2 ukusuka komunye nomunye ukuthola isivuno noma u-40-50 cm wama-hedges. Lapho ugaya umgodi, inhlabathi ephezulu engama-30 cm ibekwa endaweni eyodwa - lo ngumhlabathi ovundile, ozodinga ukugcwaliswa izithombo.
- Thela amagremu ayi-100 we-superphosphate, amalitha ayi-0.5 umlotha, ibhakede lomquba noma i-humus, inhlabathi evundile emgodini wokutshala, hlanganisa kahle. Kwinhlabathi enobumba, kufakwa amanye amalitha ama-5 we-sand coarse river sand.
- Indawo elungiselelwe ukutshala isithombo iniselwa ngamabhakede amabili noma amathathu amanzi.
Emhlabathini onesihlabathi, phansi kwendawo yokuphumula kungenzeka imbozwe ngobumba, obukhulu obuyi-2-3 cm - umcamelo onjalo uzogcina umswakama odingekayo wesitshalo. Kwinhlabathi enobumba, umgodi wembiwa u-60-70 cm ukujula, amanzi athululelwa ezansi (cishe 15 cm) - izitini eziphukile, udaka olwandisiwe noma itshe elichotshoziwe.
Ngobumba olusindayo noma enhlabathini enomswakama, ungqimba lwamanzi kufanele luthululwe etsheni elichotshoziwe, ubumba olwandisiwe, izitini eziphukile
Imigodi yokufakelwa ilungiswa emavikini ama-2-3 ngaphambi kokwehla okuhlosiwe.
Kutshalwe emhlabathini
Isithombo esithengiwe kufanele silungiselelwe ngaphambi kokutshala:
- i-yoshta ekhule esitsheni imane ibekwe emanzini imizuzu eyi-10-20;
- izithombo ezingenawo udaka lobumba zifakwe emanzini cishe usuku, futhi ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala, kucwiliswe kubumba lobumba.
Ukulungiselela izikhulumi thatha ingxenye eyodwa yobumba, izingxenye ezi-2 mullein nezingxenye ezi-5 zamanzi, hlanganisa kahle.
Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola izimpande bese unquma owomile, ophukile noma ochotshoziwe. Ukusikwa kumele kwenziwe okuguqukayo ukuze kuncishiswe isilonda, ngaphezu kwalokho, zama ukugcina izimpande eziningi ze-suction ngangokunokwenzeka.
Izigaba zokutshala isithombo emhlabathini:
- Simba umgodi owanele ukubeka uhlelo lwempande yesithombo, faka isikhonkwane.
- Phansi komgodi sakha igquma, eceleni kwemithambeka lapho siqonde khona izimpande zesithombo, siqiniseke ukuthi zonke ziqondiswa phansi.
Ngezansi komgodi udinga ukwenza indunduma yohlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo esisha
- Musa ukujula intamo yezimpande.
Ukujula ngokweqile kugcwele ukubola.
- Sibopha isithombo esikhonkwaneni bese sigcwalisa umgodi ngomhlaba, sihlanganise inhlabathi kancane futhi siyinkcenkceshele ukuze umhlaba uhambisane kahle nezimpande.
Uma kutshalwe ngendlela engafanele, ama-voids ahlala ngaphansi kwezimpande, i-seedling ingawa phansi bese intamo yezimpande iyojula kakhulu
- Ngemuva kokutshala, kungakuhle ukuthi unqamule amahlumela ukuze kuphela ama-buds ama-3-4 asele emhlabathini.
Izitshalo ezincane ziyaqhakaza iminyaka engama-2-3, isivuno esiphezulu siqala ukunikela ngeminyaka engu-5-6 yobudala.
Ividiyo: ukufakelwa kwe-yoshta kusuka esitsheni
Nakekela ngaphandle kokukhathazeka okukhethekile
Ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko kwe-yoshta kusentwasahlobo nasekwindla, kunisela ngesimo sezulu esishisayo nokukhulula okulandelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokuvimbela izifo ezilwa nezinambuzane noma izifo kufanele zenziwe.
Ukunisela oku-Smart
I-Yoshta ithanda umswakama, ikhula kahle uma inhlabathi eduzane nesihlahlana inomswakama ngokulingana, ngakho-ke, ezinyangeni ezomile nezishisa kakhulu, ukuthambisa kumele kwenziwe, kuthambisa inhlabathi i-30-40 cm ngokujulile.
Amanzi ngendlela efanele - uthele amanzi hhayi esiqwini, kodwa wenze inkomba ezungeza uzungu lomqhele bese uthela amanzi lapho. Ububanzi be-groove bungafinyelela ku-20 cm.
Imvamisa yokuchelela kuya ngokuthi inhlabathi imbozwe nge-mulch noma cha. Bare land yoma ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ukuthambisa kuyadingeka kaningi.
Imvamisa eyi-1 m2cishe amalitha amanzi angama-30 ayadingeka.
Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye noma imvula enkulu, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla kufanele idambiswe ibunobude obungaba ngu-5 cm, kepha uma inhlabathi ifakwe izinto ezenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo (umquba, utshani, utshani, udoti wamaqabunga), lapho-ke umhlaba awuzukukhululwa.
Ukuxubha
I-mulch inciphisa inani lokhula oluhlume amahlandla amaningi, inciphisa ukuhwamuka komswakama kusuka enhlabathini, okuvumela ukuthambisa okuningi kwezitshalo. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo, i-mulch ekhanyayo (utshani noma sawdust) ivikela inhlabathi ekushiseni ngokweqile, ngenkathi igcina izinga lokushisa elinethezekile lokukhula kohlelo lwe-yoshta. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kancane kancane ngokweqile, i-organics ihlinzeka ngokudla okwengeziwe esitshalweni. Ungqimba lwe-mulch ye-organic kufanele lube kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-20 cm.
Ukutshala okuncane ekwindla kumbozwe ngotshani obukhulu botshani, amaqabunga noma umquba, ovikela inhlabathi ekuqandeni, ekungeneni kwezulu nakulayini.
I-organic mulch ifaka phakathi:
- utshani
- hay
- utshani;
- iphepha elihlangene noma amaphephandaba;
- amaqabunga;
- sawdust;
- amagxolo noma ama-chips;
- ukusika amakhadibhodi;
- umquba
I-mulch ye -organic ayihlinzeki ngokudla okwengeziwe kwezitshalo, akuboli, ayihehe izinambuzane ezifana nama-slugs noma amagundane. Imvamisa, kusetshenziswa isihlabathi, amatshe amatshe amatshe, amatshe amatshe, ama-geotextiles nezinye izinto ezingekho ezenziwe ezenziwe ngemicu ye-polypropylene.
Njenge-mulch, udoti wamaqabunga uvame ukusetshenziswa.
Ukondla kungakhethwa
I-Yoshta ayiveli ekugqokeni okuphezulu:
- ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kwanele ukuthulula amagremu ama-30 we-superphosphate kanye nama-20 amagremu we-potassium sulfate ngaphansi kwesihlahla;
- ehlobo kuyasiza ukumboza inhlabathi nge-organic mulch;
- ekwindla, chitha amalitha angu-0,5 womlotha esihlahleni.
Abaxhasi bezolimo zemvelo bangangeza ibhakede elilodwa lomquba obolile wesitshalo ngasinye entwasahlobo.
Ukunqunywa okulungiselelwe
Imvamisa, i-hybrid ikhula kakhulu kangangokuba abalimi abaningi bayishiya unomphela. Vele, uma ufuna ukuqeda ngokuphelele i-yoshta, noma isilinganiso esibonisa usayizi wehlathi akusifaneli, ungakuqeda ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ikhambi. Ngakho-ke, izihlahla zizokusiza ekutholeni isitshalo esihlangene (kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela, ngaphandle kwalokho ungasonakalisa):
- I-Yoshta, ekhule njenge uthange, yakhiwa ngokuthena izihlahla uma kunesidingo;
- i-fruiting yoshta isikwa ngo-Ephreli nango-Okthoba-Novemba, lapho kugawulwa amagatsha alimile, aphukile noma onesifo;
- emva kokuwa kwamaqabunga ekwindla, lapho kungenzeka, amagatsha agulayo anezifo, amahlumela akhuluphayo, namagatsha ezithelo afinyezwa ngo-1/3.
Amahlumela athambile athola isisindo esiluhlaza kuphela okufanele asuswe
Entwasahlobo, zonke izindlela zokususa igatsha kumele zenziwe ngaphambi kokuvulwa kwamahlamvu.
Amagatsha e-yoshta aphile isikhathi eside, kepha kungcono ukusika amahlumela amadala, aneminyaka engu-7-8, eshiya amahlumela ayi-6 nje kuphela aphilile kuwo.
Propagate ngendlela othanda ngayo
Izindlela ezinhle futhi ezilula kakhulu zokuzala yilezi:
- ukusika;
- ukufuya kokuzalela;
- ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla.
Sika, usike bese usika futhi
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezimila ngokusikwa:
- ukusika okunemibala;
- besebenzisa eziluhlaza.
Masazise ngamunye ngemininingwane eminingi.
Ukuzalanisa okuluhlaza
Le ndlela ingenye yezindlela ezisheshayo zokuthola izithombo ze-yoshta. Ukuze uvune, khetha izihlahla ezinde kakhulu, ezinempilo, futhi ukusika kunganqunywa kaningana ehlobo:
- okokuqala - ekuqaleni kukaJuni kusuka emagatsheni aphezulu;
- owesibili - ngemuva kokuhluma futhi kangcono emagatsheni aseceleni;
- okwesithathu - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.
Ubude bezikhathi zokusika kufanele zingabi ngaphezu kuka-15 cm.
Ngemuva kokuthi usuqedile ukwenza umsebenzi wokusebenzela oyidingayo:
- Kungcono ukubekezelela kunoma iyiphi i-stimulator yokukhula.
- Susa cishe wonke amaqabunga, ushiye abambalwa kuphela phezulu.
- Lungisa i-greenhouse: uthele inhlabathi entsha esitsheni sokhuni, kanye nesendlalelo sesihlabathi esihlanzekile esihlanzayo ngaphezulu.
- Ngemuva kokutshala ,imboza abamba ukushisa ngefilimu.
- Ungakhohlwa ukuthambisa ejwayelekile.
- Ngemuva kokubamba imbala, ifilimu kufanele isuswe, futhi ukusika ngokwazo maduze kudalwe kabusha ukuze kukhule.
Izinhlobo ezisikiwe
Ukuze kusakazeke i-yoshta yizindawo ezinesihlahla esinamandla, kunconyelwa ukukhetha amahlumela avuthiwe amagatsha amabili noma amathathu eminyaka ekuqaleni kuka maphakathi no-Septhemba, ngoba ukusikwa okunjalo kunesikhathi sokumpande ngokuphelele nokubekezelela isikhathi sasebusika ngaphandle kwezinkinga:
- Sika amagatsha aphilile ngokuwahlukanisa abe izingxenye ezingama-20 cm ngama-4-5 efihlekile. I-cut engezansi yenziwa kahle ekoneni lika-450kanti phezulu kungu-1 cm ngaphezu kwezinso futhi kuqondile.
- Amahlumela okwenziwe ngomumo atshalwe embhedeni owembiwe kahle enkulisa etholakala emthunzini oyingxenye. Kwinhlabathi yobumba kungakuhle ukuthi ungeze isihlabathi noma i-vermiculite: ibhakede le-1m2.
- Izimbambo zinamathela enhlabathini nge-angle engatheni kwe-10-15 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, ziniselwe futhi zifakwe ngomquba womquba noma nge-peat ukuze zigcine umswakama.
- Ukubanakekela okuthe xaxa kwehla kokunisela ngezikhathi ezithile (njengoba umhlabathi womile), ukhulula futhi ususe nokhula.
Sebenzisa kuphela ama-secateurs abukhali!
Ama-cuttings atshalwe kahle kufanele abe nama-2 buds ngaphezulu komhlaba.
Ngokuvamile, entwasahlobo, ukusikeka ndawonye kuqale ukukhula.
Ividiyo: Ingcambu yezibuko
Ukuzalaniswa kokuzalela
Indlela elula yokusakaza i-hybrid isebenzisa ukubeka izingqimba (enezingqimba, mpo futhi irched). Lezi zinketho azihlukile kakhulu, uma kuphela ngesikhundla segatsha lomama. Ngezansi sibheka inketho "evundlile":
- Entwasahlobo yokuqala, ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu, kukhethwa igatsha eliseceleni bese liguqa phansi. Ukulungisa amagatsha kulesi sikhundla, kusetshenziswa izikopelo zensimbi eziyicindezela kakhulu.
- Inhlabathi ithululelwa egatsheni.
- Amahlumela amancane aphuma ezinsweni kungekudala.
- Sebenzisa zona ngezikhathi ezithile (kaningana ngesikhathi sehlobo njengoba kunesidingo).
Ngemuva kokutshala izinqubo ezinjalo, umuntu angathola isivuno esiningi esivele sikhona ngonyaka wesithathu
Ukwahlukaniswa kwe-Bush
Njengoba isihlahla sikhula ngokuqinile, kwesinye isikhathi siyaphinda senziwe kabusha: ihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningi futhi itshalwe ezindaweni ezintsha. Ukuze kusetshenzwe okunjalo, isihlahla simbiwa ngokuphelele emhlabathini kuphela ekwindla, sisikwe ngommese obukhali noma ngesandla sihlukaniswe iziza ezincane ezinezimpande kanye namahlumela anempilo.
Izingxenye zegaba-izingxenye kufanele zisulwe ngamalahle achotshoziwe, emva kwalokho iziza sezikulungele ukutshala
Izimpande kufanele zithuthukiswe futhi ziqinile, futhi amagatsha aqinile ayi-2-3 kufanele ashiywe ku-tuber. Ngemuva kwalokho iziza zihlala emithonjeni ebilungiselelwe ngaphambili (bheka imigodi yokufika).
Ukuhlasela ku-Yoshta
I-gooseberry ne-currant hybrid yayizalwa ngokukhethekile ukuze ikwazi ukumelana nokukhishwa kwezinso, i-anthracnose ne-terry. Noma kunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi amahlathi ayagula futhi ahlaselwa izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi ngokunakekelwa okungahambi kahle.
Igalari yezithombe: abaphikisi okungenzeka be-yoshta
- I-Anthracnose ivela maphakathi nehlobo linamaqabunga emacembe
- Isifo esiyingozi esiyingozi segciwane - i-terry - asilashwa, siveza iminyaka emi-4-5
- Ngesifo esine-mosaic, iqabunga limbozwa izindawo eziphuzi nezinsundu, emva kwalokho zome
- I-Powdery mildew ivame ukuthinta izitshalo ezibuthakathaka; ekwelashweni fafaza isihlahla nge-phytosporin
- Ukugqwala nokugqwala kwenza izindawo ezinsawolintshi, iqabunga elithintekile liyoma futhi liwele
Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela izifo nezilonda, ukufafaza nge-prophylactic kwenziwa. Isikhathi esihle salokhu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo - ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu, nasekwindla - ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga.
Ukushisa komoya ngesikhathi sokufafaza kumele kube okungenani ngama-50mayelanaC.
Amalungiselelo wokufafaza ngentshiseko:
- I-Bordeaux ketshezi - isilinganiso se-sulfate yethusi, amanzi kanye nencibilikidi egxilile kuncike ekujuleni komkhiqizo wokugcina (1 noma 3%), ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa ingxubevange eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe ngeBordeaux, ongayithola ezitolo zezingadi;
- i-sulfate yethusi - amagremu ayi-10 wesidakamizwa axutshwe 1 litre lamanzi;
- urea - amagremu ama-70 wesidakamizwa axutshwe 1 litre lamanzi.
Igalari yezithombe: izidakamizwa zokuvimbela izifo
- Ukwelapha izihlahlana entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, sebenzisa isisombululo esingu-1% soketshezi lweBordeaux
- Isixazululo esingu-1% se-sulfate yethusi siphathwa ngamakhasi wokuvikela izifo
- Ukuze kufafazwe, kufakwa isisombululo se-7% se-urea: entwasahlobo, lo muthi unconyelwa kakhulu, ngoba uqukethe i-nitrogen, okudingeka ukuthi isitshalo sikhule
Izifo nezinambuzane: izindlela zokulawula
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-yoshta isiko elingabekezeleleki, kepha noma linganakekelwa kahle, "ilahlekelwa yisikhundla salo". Isilokazane esiyingozi kakhulu, esiphatha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, siyikhaza yezinso. Kulula ukuthola ngezinhlamvu ezinkulu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Izinyane elikhulu elinomkhaza liqhamile kwabanye, kufanele lidwengulwe lishiswe
Kumahlumela amancane, ama-aphid kwesinye isikhathi angatholakala: inani elikhulu lezilokazane zincela amajusi emaqabungeni, ngakho-ke ziyancipha, igatsha alikhuli kahle.
Isihlahla se-aphid esigulayo siphathwa nge-phytoderm, sifafaze ezansi bese kuba nengxenye ephezulu yeqabunga
Ekhuluma ngezifo zesihlahla, yize kukhona konke ukumelana nazo, singakwazi ukwahlukanisa izinto eziyisi-5 ezibalulekile esizuze zona ekukhetheni.
Ithebula: Ukwelapha Isifo
| Lesi sifo | Ukubonakaliswa | Ukwelashwa |
| Anthracnose | Izindawo ezinobomvu obomvana ngamaqabunga, kufinyelela ku-1 mm ngosayizi | Icubungula isihlahla ngesisombululo esingu-1% se-Bordeaux ketshezi ehlobo futhi sisebenza kabusha ngemuva kokuvunwa |
| I-Powdery hlobo | Inhlanganisela emhlophe evulekile efana nofulawa | Ukwelashwa nge-phytosporin ngokwemiyalo ngokufafaza okuphindwe kabili ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu. Ezimweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, sebenzisa i-1% solution ye-sulfate yethusi noma i-Bordeaux fluid |
| Ukugqwala | Amachashazi ama-orange noma izigaxa phansi kwamaqabunga | Fafaza i-phytosporin amahlandla ama-4 ngokuphumula kwezinsuku eziyi-10. Uma kungasizi, ke phatha ngesixazululo esingu-1% we-Bordeaux fluid |
| UMose | Amaqabunga ambozwe amabala ophuzi no-brown, agobile ngaphakathi | Isifo segciwane. Ekubonakalisweni kokuqala, ama-karbofos bush ayelashwa (amagremu angama-75 ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Isitshalo esithinteke kakhulu |
| UTerry | Izimbali zithola umbala ongeyona eyemvelo - okusajingijolo, i-violet. Amahlamvu aguqula ukwakheka kwawo, isihlahla siyayeka ukuthela izithelo, kepha sigcwele kakhulu amagatsha | Isifo esiyingozi segciwane esingalashwa. Isihlahla siyasuswa bese sishiswa. |
Njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla, ithuluzi elihle kakhulu kusalokhu kungavikeleki - ukufafaza entwasahlobo nasekwindla kungagcini nje ngezihlahla zama-yoshta, kodwa futhi nazo zonke izilimo nezithelo zomdwebo ezikhula esizeni.
Ikhula yoshta emadolobheni aphansi
Isihlahla esingabekezeleleki sikhula ngokuphumelelayo ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Zonke izinhlobo zikhula kahle futhi zimile izimpande, kepha okwamanje azikwazi ukuveza amandla akhe aphelele. Eminyakeni ebandayo kakhulu, iziqongo zamahlumela zingaba yiqhwa, yingakho isivuno sincipha. Kodwa-ke, njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa, sibukeka sikhulu.
Ukubuyekezwa
Faka i-spoonful of tar. Ngikhule le nzalo ecishe ibe yiminyaka engu-5. ngiyithengile ngenkathi iqala ukubonakala. Iminyaka engu-2 edlule yasuswa. Isihlahla sikhulu, kepha asisetshenziswa kangako. Amajikijolo avuthwa kuso - ikati liqhuma izinyembezi, linambitha kakhulu njenge-currant. Kuhle kakhulu. Ngizwe ukuthi kuvela ama-nzalo akhiqiza kakhulu, kepha angisafuni ukuzama futhi.
NK, eMoscow//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=575
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, abazali bami bathenga isihlahla se-jamuberry emakethe. Umthengisi uqinisekisile ukuthi lolu hlobo oluthile lwezinhlobonhlobo ezikhethekile, olunikeza izithelo ezinomnandi nezikhulu. Ukutshale isihlahla ezweni, ngokwemvelo, kwakungekho zithelo iminyaka emibili noma emithathu, uma ngingenephutha. Lesi sitshalo saqhubeka nezindaba zalo zemifino, sashiya ingxenye yayo izokhiqiza kamuva. Ngokungazelelwe, sifika endlini encane, samangala ukuthola ukuthi ama-yoshta ayekhule esikhundleni se-super-gooseberry. Isihlahla siyahluma impela futhi simude, amaqabunga afana namaqabunga e-gooseberry, kepha ameva ayinto abanye abafuyi baseJalimane abaye balwa nayo iminyaka engamashumi amane. Amajikijolo, enothile ngamavithamini, amnandi kakhulu, awunazo imbewu enzima ne-gooseberry acidity. Kuliqiniso, ngemuva kokususwa esihlahleni nokuba sekhaya ngaphandle kwesiqandisi, bathola ukubhula ngezinkanyezi okuncane nokubabayo. Ngokubukeka, abukeka njengama-gooseberries, kepha lapho ehlolisisa, afana ne-currant emnyama enkulu. Basuswa esihlahleni kalula, kepha ngikwenze kanye ngeziqu, ukuze kugcinwe okungcono, uma izigaxa sezidonswa phansi esikhungweni sokususwa, isikhumba esibuthakathaka sezithelo silimele. Zigcinwe kuleli fomu kahle futhi azinamuncu. Amajikijolo amakhulu kunawo wonke ahlelwe ngamaqembu ezinhlangothini ezingezansi zamagatsha eduze komhlaba, lapho amnandi kakhulu, kepha lawo angenhla mancane futhi elangeni athulisiwe kancane, kepha ngasikhathi sinye awawa.
katyushka237//otzovik.com/review_3620426.html
Ngifuna ukukhuluma ngesihlahla sami engisithandayo - inzalo ye-blackcurrant ne-gooseberry - yoshta. Isikhathi eside, ngakubheka ngokweqiniso njenge-currant ... Futhi lokhu kuyintandokazi yami ezweni - njalo ngonyaka lesi sihlahla esikhulu sinezithelo ezingamajikijolo amnyama ... Iminyaka eminingi. Angikhumbuli unyaka ngaphandle kwesilimo. Amajikijolo makhulu, amnyama, amnandi kakhulu, ngiyawadla kuze kube nguNovemba. Okunganqunywanga, okumnandi ngisho nasekwindla sekwephuzile. Asinakekeli isihlahla nganoma iyiphi indlela, kuphela unyaka nonyaka ngilihlanza kancane - nginqume amagatsha amadala, ngiqabuleke, konke ukunakekelwa. Futhi ukuvuna kuyamangalisa minyaka yonke! Iqhakaza kahle kakhulu - lapho iqhakaza, ihlathi lonke liphuzi.Izingane zahamba eduze kwayo - ngakho-ke kulula ukuyithola ezweni, iyathobeka. Ngincoma kuwo wonke umuntu. Ngokungafani ne-gooseberry ebucayi, ehlala igula futhi idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, lesi sihlahla asikaze sifafazwe, futhi asikaze sigule.
I-Stalker-lg//otzovik.com/review_3297634.html
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, i-yoshta yakhangiswa kakhulu - i-hybrid yama-gooseberry nama-currants. Futhi hlobo luni lwezinzuzo olungabizwanga: amajikijolo makhulu, amnandi, futhi kunamavithamini amaningi kunama-currants, futhi isivuno siphezulu, futhi asinqandeki futhi simelana neqhwa emhlabathini - ngokuvamile, simane nje simhambela kahle noma yimuphi umnikazi wesakhiwo somhlaba. Kuthengwe (akushibhile), kutshaliwe. Manje ngagcina ngithini? Ama-Berlin makhulu kune-currants, kepha ngokusobalaancanyana kunama-gooseberries. Yebo, futhi ukunambitha ukukhumbuza "ubaba" (ama-gooseberries), kepha abe esephansi kuye; ukuvuna kuncane - kuhle kusuka esihlahleni uma kuthayishwa imishini emibili yokubhida; ukumelana nesithwathwa nakho kuphansi. Ngemuva kobusika, kufanele usike inani elikhulu lamagatsha alimele. Ngokuvamile, ukukhangisa akulona iqiniso. Noma, mhlawumbe benginganeme?
kale3745//irecommend.ru/content/ne-vpechatfire-151
I-hybrid of currants nama-gooseberries iya ngokuya idumile, kepha kukhona ukubukezwa ngakho konke ngomdlandla nangokungaphenduki ngokuphelele. Ukuze ungatholi esinye isitshalo esingalungile, thenga izithombo kuphela kubahlinzeki abathembekile futhi, mhlawumbe, i-yoshta izothatha indawo yayo efanelekile engadini yakho.
