Iqembu elikhulu le-raspberry, elinobuhle beRussia, lavela muva nje - eminyakeni engama-20-30 edlule. Igama "elikhulu-izithelo" liyazikhulumela. Isisindo se-12 g kuphela inani elijwayelekile lezithelo zaleli qembu, ngenkathi amajikijolo amakhulu kunawo wonke angafinyelela ku-15-19 g. Uma sikhuluma ngesivuno esihlahleni, khona-ke ama-5-6 kg amajikijolo ajwayelekile. Ubuhle beRussia kungenye nje yalezi zinhlobo ezinkulu.
Umlando wokuvela kwezinhlobonhlobo zaseKrasa Russia
Ibanga Lobuhle beRussia ngumsebenzi womfuyi womhlambi waseMoscow uViktor Kichina. Izinhlobo ezimnandi ze-Mirage ne-heroese Maroseyka zasebenza njengamafomu wabazali kuma-raspberries amasha. I-Crossbreeding yaphumelela futhi iveze ukuthi kukhona inhlanganisela yezimfanelo eziningi ezibalulekile. I-hybrid yayisenkathini yokulingwa enkundleni iminyaka eyishumi, futhi yathola ithikithi lokuphila, njengohlobo olusha, ngo-1996.
Uprofesa uqobo uhlobanisa impumelelo yakhe nomcimbi wasendulo - ukutholwa kojikijolo obenezithelo ezinkulu, owatholakala ngo-1961 ngusosayensi waseScotland uDerek Jennings. UGene uthole lencwadi u-L kusuka kwigama lesiNgisi elithi "ezinkulu" (ezinkulu, ezinkulu), kanti usosayensi uqobo uthole isihloko somqali we-raspberry kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ze-blackberry ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ezinezithelo ezinkulu.
Izinhlobonhlobo zobuhle beRussia zathatha konke okuhle kubazali bayo: ukwakheka okuhle kwezithelo, nokunambitheka okumnandi, nokukhuthazela okuhle ezimeni ezikhulayo enkabeni yeRussia. Kepha isiko leqiniso lezimboni lokwenziwa kabusha kwezentengiso ngamanani amakhulu, alikenzeki. Namuhla, izinhlobonhlobo zibekwe njengesitshalo sezithelo somhlaba ovulekile wezindawo ezithile zasengadini namapulazi amancane. Kepha lokhu akususi isithunzi sakhe.
Ubuhle beRussia bathatha konke okuhle kubazali bayo, kufaka phakathi isimo esihle sezithelo, ukunambitheka okumnandi namandla.
Incazelo nezimpawu zezinhlobonhlobo
Ubuhle beRussia bubhekisela ezinhlotsheni ezivuthwe okuphakathi kokuqala ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezizwelayo. Ezindaweni eziningi endaweni yangemva kweSoviet, kuqala ukuvuthwa maphakathi noJulayi. I-fruiting yinde - kuze kufike ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaSepthemba. Kepha inani eliphakeme lokukhwa kwamajikijolo kwenzeka enkathini kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kuya maphakathi no-Agasti.
Isici soBuhle beRussia yikhono lezithombo zezithelo eziya egatsheni ngokuqinile ngemuva kokunciniza iziqongo. Ukuhlakulela amagatsha angaphezulu we-5-6, ama-raspberries wale nhlobonhlobo abeka iziqalo zesitshalo esikhulayo. Amagatsha anjalo, aqala ngokusuka emahlumela aphambili, ngolimi lwesigama sezolimo abizwa ngokuthi "i-laterals", noma "amahlumela aguqulanayo angaphezulu." Amajikijolo avuthwa emagatsheni ayinhloko nakuma-laterals, nosayizi nombala wezithelo kuyafana lapho nalaphaya - wonke amajikijolo ahlala emile kakhulu futhi egqamile ngokuhambisana nohlobo lwawo olujwayelekile.
Amajikijolo avuthwa emisebeni eyalandela - amakhemikhali - awaphansi kunambitheka noma ngosayizi amajikijolo emagatsheni amakhulu
I-lateral branching iyenzeka ezinqubweni zonyaka wesibili wokuphila, okuthi, ngemuva kokuqandelwa kobusika obufanele, ukudla kwentwasahlobo nokunwebeka kwehlobo, kukhule ngokushesha. Igatsha ngalinye elisetshenziswayo lingakwazi ukunika i-ovary amajikijolo angama-25-30.
Ithebula: izici zama-raspberries Krasa Russia
| Ibanga | Ubuhle beRussia. Umbhali: Umvuseleli wezakhi zofuzo uVictor Kichina. |
| Ukuqokwa | Ukusetshenziswa okusha, kanye nokwenza ama-jams, ukulondolozwa, ama-marshmallows, ama-compotes, ama-tinctures. |
| Indawo ekhulayo | E-Russia: Isifunda saseMoscow kanye nendawo ephakathi, eNyakatho-ntshonalanga ne-Altai, eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga yeSiberia, iMpumalanga Ekude kanye neTransbaikalia, indawo esezansi kweCaucasus. Amanye amazwe: i-Ukraine, iBelarus, yonke iBaltic. |
| Bush | I-Srednerosly, isakazeka kancane, kepha ithuthukiswe kahle. Ukuphakama kwamahlumela kufike ku-1,7 - 2.0 metres. Iziqu zingama-pubescent; akukho ameva emahlumela. Kuyalulekwa ukuthi ukhule usebenzisa izixhaso noma ama-trellises. |
| Isikhathi sokuhlanganisa | Izithelo main: kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kuya maphakathi no-Agasti. Izithelo ezizodwa: ekuqaleni kukaJulayi kanye ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Ukulungisa i-fruiting akubonwa. |
| Izithelo | Khulu kakhulu, isisindo esikhulu esingu-18-20 g. Isisindo esilinganiselwe singama-g 10. Isisindo esilinganiselwe singama-5 g. Ukwakheka kugcwele. Isakhiwo siminyene. Umbala ubomvu ngombala. Ukunambitheka kumnandi, kuvumelana nephunga le-raspberry elishiwoyo. Ubumnandi bangempela berry buthulwa kuphela esiteji sokuvuthwa okugcwele, okuvela ezinsukwini eziningana kamuva kunombala wesimo. Ngomswakama ngokweqile, ukunambitheka kuthola i-acidity ethile. |
| Ukukhiqiza | I-6-8 kg ukusuka ehlathini ngokunakekelwa okugcwele. 3-4 kg ukusuka ehlathini ngokunakekelwa okuncane. |
| Ukumelana nokubanda | Uhlelo lwezimpande namahlumela alwesabi amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-30 0C. Noma kunjalo, ama-buds wezimbali awakwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi kangako. Ngakho-ke, ezifundeni ezinobusika ngezansi -25-30 0Ishelter iyadingeka. |
| Izifo kanye Nokuphikisana Nezinambuzane | Ngaphezulu kwesilinganiso |
| Ezokuhamba | Isilinganiso |
| Ukugcina | Phansi Akunconywa ukugcina izithelo zisezintsha izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu. |
Igalari yezithombe: Izici zama-raspberries Krasa Rossii
- I-Srednerosly kanye nesihlahla esisabalele kancane kancane sobuhle beRussia sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1.7 kuya kwayi-2.0
- Ubukhulu bezithelo zoBuhle beRussia bungafaniswa nobude bebhokisi lomdlalo
- Izithelo zoBuhle beRussia zinambitheka omuhle kakhulu, ubumnandi bangempela bokwembulwa esiteji sokuvuthwa okugcwele
- Ubuhle be-raspberry beRussia abukwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokuhamba nokukhanya, ngakho-ke alisetshenziselwa i-landings yezohwebo
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi
Ukusuka etafuleni elingenhla, zombili izinzuzo nezinsizi zezinhlobonhlobo sezivele ziyabonakala.
Okokuqala okuhle, okokuqala, kubalulekile ukugqamisa usayizi omkhulu nokunambitheka okuhle kwezithelo. Kukubo ukuthi abalimi balwazisa lolu hlobo futhi bathathe ubungozi obuhambisana nokunakekelwa okukhulayo ngesikhathi sokukhula.
Ezinye izinzuzo ezithinta ukukhetha kwezinhlobonhlobo:
- ukukhiqiza okuphezulu;
- isikhathi eside sokukha amajikijolo;
- Ukutshala okubabazekayo cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe.
- ukungatheleleki kungaphezu kwesilinganiso kwezifo ezi-raspberry ezihlukile.
Okubi nakho kuyatholakala. Okubaluleke kunakho konke yinqubo elukhuni yokuhamba. Kuyadingeka njalo ukuhambisana nawo wonke amasheduli wokunisela, ukugqoka ngaphezulu, ukhula, izihlahla kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela izifo. Uma iKrasus ishiywe inhlanhla, futhi ukuthambisa amanzi noma ukuthambisa kwenhlabathi kuvunyelwe, noma kuncike emanzini emvula kuphela, khona-ke ngeke kube nokuvunwa, noma kube nezithelo ezinobukhulu obujwayelekile, ezifakwe nokukhohlakala okubi, ukuwohloka, noma ukungafani kofuzo kohlobo olufanayo. L, obhekene nezithelo ezinkulu.
Ukunakekela ama-raspberries amakhulu aneziqu kuyinqubo ethatha isikhathi: yonke imisebenzi yokunakekelwa kumele yenziwe ngokucacile nangesikhathi
Emsebenzini wakhe kuma-raspberries amakhulu amakhulu, kufaka phakathi izinhlobonhlobo zaseKrasa zaseRussia, uSolwazi Viktor Kichina uphawula ukuthi ukwenzeka okusajingijolo akunakwenzeka. Kaningi lokho kwehla okudumazayo kukhulunywa ngabalimi abanganaki abadida amagama athi "degeneration" nokuthi "ukunganaki."
Uma ekuqaleni unikeza ama-raspberries izimo ezinhle zokukhula, ususe noma uvikele zonke izingozi ezihambisana nokuncipha kwesihlahla, khona-ke Ubuhle beRussia abuphumi futhi bungaguquki. Kungakho usosayensi enxusa wonke umuntu ukuthi ancike emandleni abo ngokomzimba kanye nesifiso sokunciphisa ngokunisela nangomquba, uma umlimi ekhetha izithelo ezinkulu.
Emisebenzini yakhe, uSolwazi V. Kichina uphawula ukuthi ukonakala okusajingijolo akunakwenzeka ngokwemvelo - abalimi abanganaki bamane nje badida amagama athi "degeneration" kanye "nokunganaki"
"Unganikeza ngokuphelele zonke izindlela zokunakekela okudingeka ungazi nje kuphela, kepha ungaphuthelwa neyodwa - thatha ubuhle beRussia, neGiant, neTarusa, nePatricia, neRuby Giant. Ngokunakekelwa okuphezulu, noma yimuphi umcimbi ophuthelwe ubhubhisa. lonke uhlelo, oluholela ekulahlekelweni kwesivuno hhayi kuphela lwamanje, kodwa futhi nangonyaka olandelayo. "
UVictor Kichina//www.liveinternet.ru/users/3677592/post172787685/
Lawa ngamagama alungile kakhulu ngoprofesa owazi okuningi ngama-raspberries futhi uwathande njengezingane zakhe.
Ubuhle beRussia nomqhudelwano wayo Pride of Russia
Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu ezinezithelo zombili zingumphumela womsebenzi wesayensi u-V.V. Kichina. Ziyafana cishe kuyo yonke into. Zombili zibhekwa njengama-boima esisindo ngokulandela isivuno namajikijolo, ukunambitheka kwawo okuhle kulapho nalaphaya. Ubude bokudubula cishe buyafana - kusuka kumamitha ayi-1.5 kuye kwangama-2.2. Zombili lezi zinhlobonhlobo azinakho ukulungiswa, futhi zombili zidinga ukulungiswa ngokucophelela. Kepha-ke, ungaqonda kanjani ukuthi yiliphi ibanga elilungele uhlaka oluthile lwengadi?
Okokuqala, sichaza izici zokuzalela zezinhlobo ezimbili. Ubuhle beRussia bungobesizukulwane sesibili sama-raspberries amakhulu amakhulu amaRussia, futhi ukuqhosha kweRussia (igama lesibili ngokuthi iGiant) kungokwesizukulwane sesithathu. Isizukulwane sesithathu sibhekwa njengejwayele ukwakheka kwendawo yanamuhla futhi simnandi ngokwedlulele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-Pride of Russia ivumela ukubekezelela isomiso kanye nesithwathwa kalula, empeleni akungenwa yizifo, futhi akuvamile ukuhlaselwa ngama-aphid. Ngakho-ke, i-Pride of Russia izothanda izifunda ezivame ukuhlaselwa yizinhlekelele zemvelo ngesimo sokushaja noma izimvula ezinde.
Izinhlobo zokuziqhenya kweRussia nobuhle beRussia ziyefana kakhulu ngokubuka, uchwepheshe kuphela ongabahlukanisa
Ubuhle beRussia, noma bungekho kakhulu, kepha bungaphansi kokuziqhenya kule mikhakha yokulinyelwa.
Kunokwehluka ezinhlotsheni ngokubukeka nokunambitheka. Ngakho-ke, ama-Pride amajikijolo angafinyelela ku-5 cm, okufana nobude bebhokisi lomdlalo elijwayelekile. Futhi uKrasa ufinyelela izingxenye ezintathu zebhokisi.
Ama-Berry of Pride kwesinye isikhathi ayexutshwa ngababili, akha isimo senhliziyo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ubuhle beRussia abunakho ukulingana okunjalo.
Ama-raspberry agciniwe kwesinye isikhathi atholakala ku-Pride of Russia ehlukahlukene
Ukuze ekugcineni unqume ukukhetha kwezinhlobo engadini yakho, udinga ukuzibuza lo mbuzo: Ngizoyisebenzisa kanjani i-raspberry? Futhi kukhona izinketho:
- Uma ngidla masinyane esihlahleni futhi ngivuna ama-jams, khona-ke womabili ama-nzalo alungile.
- Uma ngifuna ukuthengisa emakethe yasendaweni ngosuku lokuqoqwa, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyeka eBeauty yaseRussia. ngoba ukuziqhenya kweRussia kunekhwalithi eligcina ibuthakathaka ngisho nangosuku lunye.
- Uma nginesiqiniseko sokuthi isivuno sami samajikijolo amakhulu sizothengiswa emahoreni angama-4-5 aseduze emva kokuvunwa, khona-ke kufanele ukhethe Ukuziqhenya kweRussia, ngoba amajikijolo awo engxenye yesentimitha, kepha emikhulu kunamajikijolo oBuhle baseRussia.
- Uma ngihlose ukugcina izinsukwana, bese ngizithutha ziyothengiswa kwesinye isifunda, khona-ke ayikho neyodwa yezinhlobo ezihlongozwayo ezozibonisa ngendlela enhle. Okuhle kakhulu, i-porridge izofinyelela kumthengi, kubi kakhulu, ujusi ocijisiwe.
Zombili lezi zinhlobonhlobo zobuhle baseRussia kanye nokuqhosha kweRussia zihle kakhulu ngokulondolozwa kwama-jams
Ukubuyekezwa kwamagadi ku-Raspberry Ubuhle beRussia
Ngakho-ke nangu… Ubuhle beRussia! Njengoba iRussia ingenakulinganiswa "nge-arshin" futhi "ingaqondakali ngengqondo", ngakho-ke le raspberry ayihambelani namazinga amukelwe ngokuvamile. Wonke umuntu uthathe lesi simangaliso sokudalwa kokuzalela: kokubili ubungqabavu nokukhiqiza, nosayizi (ongafika ku-5 cm ubude) wamajikijolo amnandi amafomu amafomu afiphalisiwe anamathambo amahle. Kunjengokungathi imvelo iqoqe lawa majikijiki kusuka embewini yamapomegranati, alengiswa isikhathi eside esihlahleni ngaphandle kokukhubeka.
UTamara Odintsova, ilungu le-Irkutsk Club labalimi abanolwazi ababizwa ngemuva A.K. Thomson//www.vsp.ru/2006/01/17/tak-vot-ona-kakaya-krasa-rossii/
Abalimi babiza uBeauty WaseRussia "isimangaliso sokudalwa kokuzala - bobabili usayizi, isivuno kanye nokuqina kobusika kuqinisekisa lokhu.
Watshala entwasahlobo ka-2013. Ngonyaka olandelayo ngabona i-berry. Inambitha kancane omuncu. Engingazange ngikuthande: uma lo bhero usuvulekile kancane, ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukukususa. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi isivuno sokuqala?
ICentaur//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=10778
ESiberia, lokhu kungu-1 ohlukahlukene, ukunambitheka nosayizi. Kodwa ubuhle bobuhle beRussia buphakathi. Amajikijolo anejusi kakhulu. Ukuzithanda kakhulu izindikimba. Lo nyaka, ihlobo lalilungile kuma-raspberries, njengoba amanye amajikijolo ayedlula ku-5 cm futhi emnandi, kunokuba omuncu, njengaseminyakeni edlule.
i-alexander//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=10778
Izici Zokufika
Lokho okuvunayo yilokho okuvunayo, kusho isaga, esiveza kafushane kodwa ngokunembayo ukuxhomekeka kokutshala kanye nezinga lokunakekela ukusebenza. Ukutshala noma yini futhi noma kunjalo - umqondo awulungile neze. Futhi-ke kunengqondo ukuqonda konke kahle.
Ukukhetha izinto zokutshala
Kunconywa ukuthenga izinto zokutshala kuphela ezinkampanini ezethembekile, amapulazi noma iziteshi zokuhlola ukuze uvikele ukungaqondani ngezinhlobonhlobo nekhwalithi. Amafemu abonisa uphawu lwentengiso lwawo alawula ikhwalithi ethile yokulawula izithombo futhi aqinisekise abathengi ukuthobela kokuqukethwe okuthengisiwe ngamapharamitha wofuzo.
Bangathola nezeluleko ngezici zokunakekelwa kwezitshalo.
Izinto zokutshala kufanele zithengwe kuphela ezinkampanini ezethembekile, amapulazi noma iziteshi zokuhlola ukuze kugwenywe ukungaqondani ngezinhlobonhlobo nekhwalithi.
Izimakethe zemvelo zokutholwa kwekhwalithi yezitshalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu azifanele.
- Okokuqala, abanaso isitifiketi sokuvumelana kwezimpahla futhi bangaqinisekisa ibanga kuphela ngamazwi, kodwa hhayi emadokhumenti.
- Okwesibili, kukhona umkhonyovu, futhi esikhundleni sobuhle obukhulu obunezithelo zaseRussia, laba bathengisayo bangashonisa isihlahla esivamile sama-raspberries engadini.
- Okwesithathu, abalimi abanje abazikhulisile abakuqapheli ukungcoliswa kwezihlahla noma ukuba khona kwamagciwane amagciwane ayingozi nefungi kuwo.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela isimo sohlelo lwezimpande zezithombo. Uma uhlelo lwezimpande luvulekile, khona-ke lokhu kulula kakhulu ukukwenza ngokuhlola okubukwayo. Izimpande ze-raspberry ezinempilo zinesistimu enamagatsha anamandla. Lapho icindezelwa kancane, izimpande zikhombisa ukuqina nokuqina, kepha akunakuqhuma noma kuqhume. Kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukugcwaliswa kwezimpande ngomswakama. Izimpande zithathwa njengezingenampilo, uma zigobile, zishwabene, zisontiwe - lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi abengacabangi ngokudla okufanele. Isithombe ngeke sibe ngcono ngezimpande ezibolile noma ezibukeka zigula. Izinto ezinjalo zokutshala ziyingozi - uma zitshalwe emhlabathini, zingatheleleka ezihlahleni ezinempilo ezitholakala esizeni.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga izithombo, kufanele ubuke uhlelo lwempande ngokuntuleka kobuthakathaka, izifo kanye nezinambuzane.
Umthengisi omuhle awusoze waba nezinto zokugoqa ze-polyethylene ezingenalutho zezimpande. Kungaba yindwangu ethambisa umswakama kuphela noma ibhriquette yotshani.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela isimo amahlumela uqobo. Ezitshalweni ze-raspberry, inani lazo eliphelele lisuka ku-2 iye ku-5. Ubude nobukhulu bezingqimba azidlali indima, ngoba ubude busasikwa lapho butshalwe, futhi ubukhulu bawo bukhula ngokudla okwanele kwamaminerali. Kepha ukuba khona kwamahlumela amahlumela aphilayo okungenani amathathu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kuvela kubo ukuthi amagatsha amasha azoqala ukuthuthuka, kufaka phakathi amanye awalandayo.
Ukuhlelwa kwendawo ngaphansi raspberry
Inqubo yokutshala iqala kudala ngaphambi kwenqubo yokutshala. I-Autumn yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuhlela nokuhlela i-raspberry yesikhathi esizayo. Le ndawo kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle, imiswe futhi ivalwe ngokulingana kusuka emimoyeni nasemvuleni enkulu. Imvamisa abalimi bakhetha isiza eceleni kocingo noma uthango. Futhi lokhu kunengqondo, ngoba izithiyo zizovikela izithombo emimoyeni yezivunguvungu, zibambezele iqhwa ebusika futhi zithambise imisebe yelanga emaqabungeni athambile.
Indawo engaphansi kwama-raspberries kufanele ibekwe kahle, ikhishwe futhi ivalwe ngokulingana kusuka emvuleni nasemvuleni enkulu - lokhu kungaba yipulatifomu eceleni kocingo, uthango, udonga oluhlanganayo
Ngokuqondene nezinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba endaweni engaphansi kwe-raspberry, kufanele alale ekujuleni okungekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.5 - uma kungenjalo izimpande zizomanzi zibole, futhi lesi sitshalo uqobo sizokhula sibola futhi sihlushwa i-grey bola, i-didimella nezinye izifo ezijwayelekile. Ama-grooves ama-drainage noma imibhede ephezulu enezindawo ezizomunca wonke amanzi ngokweqile ngenkathi yezulu enkulu izokonga ekuzikhukheni ngamanzi emvula.
Imibhede ilungiselelwe ekwindla. Okokuqala, kumbiwa umgodi obukhulu obungama-50-60 cm nobubanzi obungama-50-60 cm. Phansi kakhulu ngobukhulu obungu-8-10 cm, amanzi akhiwa ngetshe elichotshoziwe noma ngobumba olwandisiwe. Phezu kwawo kwakubeka ungqimba oluvundile womquba obolile, imisele yenkukhu, umquba we-peat noma i-humus. Izinsalela zezitshalo nazo zingabekwa: isiqu, amagatsha emithi emincane, ikhasi lezitshalo, amaqabunga. Ebusika, bayobola, futhi entwasahlobo bazokwakha ikushini elihle kakhulu wezimpande ze-raspberry. Ubukhulu balolu ungqimba bungama-25-30 cm.
Umsele we-raspberry kufanele ube ujule ngokwanele futhi ubanzi ngokwanele ukubeka kuwo umsele kanye nezendlalelo eziningana zenhlabathi evundile
Okulandelayo, yenza umanyolo wokukhulula. Kungaba i-superphosphate noma umanyolo wasekwindla olungiselelwe owenzelwe ngokukhethekile ama-raspberries. Umanyolo umbozwe ngengqimba evundile ye-vermicompost noma i-humus eyenziwe ngomumo. Lokhu kungenye ka-8-10 cm obukhulu. Kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngezinga lesendlalelo esingaphezulu kombhede ukuze amasentimitha ayi-15-20 avele ngaphezulu komhlaba wonke, akha ipulatifomu ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokuhlanganisa kahle zonke izingqimba zale pie yobumba - ngesikhathi sasebusika bazozihlanganisa ngokwabo - umquba uzonikeza izimbiza zabo enhlabathini, lapho kuzobe kulungele ukwamukela izimpande ezintsha ezibilinini zayo ezivundile.
Umbhede wengadi olungiselelwe ngale ndlela uzokuma ungenzi lutho ebusika bonke futhi ngesikhathi sokuncibilika ulindele ithuba lawo.
Inqubo yokutshala izithombo entwasahlobo
Entwasahlobo, umbhede kufanele ungcwatshwe bese ugcwaliswa kabusha nge-ukugxusha okuvela kumquba we-humus noma we-peat. Ngokuqondene nomanyolo wamaminerali entwasahlobo ngaphansi kweBeauty yaseRussia, umbhali wezinhlobonhlobo uncoma ngokuqinile ukwethula izinto eziqukethe i-nitrogen ngesimo se-urea, ammonia, calcium noma potrateum nitrate, kepha gwema ngokuphelele i-phosphorus.
"Ezindaweni zaseMoscow Region, asizange sisebenzise umanyolo we-phosphorus cishe iminyaka engama-30, kodwa lokhu akuzange sehlise isivuno ngisho nasezindaweni zokubukisa ngesivuno esikhulu kakhulu sezinhlobo ezinkulu ezinezithelo ezinkulu."
UVictor Kichina//www.liveinternet.ru/users/3677592/post172787685/
Lokhu kungachazwa ngesidingo esincishisiwe sama-raspberries wezinhlobo zaseKrasa zaseRussia zezimpawu phosthat nekhono laso lokuthela izithelo lapho lisuthiswa nezinye izinto eziwusizo.
UViktor Kichina ukholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-phosphate ngaphansi kwama-raspberry akudingekile - isivuno ngaphandle kwama-phosphates emapulini akhe asikaze siwe
Ukubaluleka okukhulu kunamathele ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, emhlabathini we-humus, kudingeka amaminerali amancane, kanye nenhlabathi enesihlabathi - kuthuthukisiwe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, inhlabathi enesihlabathi idla zonke izinto eziwusizo ngokushesha, ngakho-ke uma ikhona, i-refueling ngamaminerali kumele iphindaphindwe njalo. Isengezo esihle kakhulu se-nitrogen, potassium ne-calcium engezekile i-ash ash evamile, engagcini nje ngokulingana ngokulingana kwe-pH enhlabathini, kodwa futhi inomthelela ekukhuleni kwesisindo esiluhlaza.
Isengezo esihle kakhulu se-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-calcium engezekile ngomlotha ojwayelekile wezinkuni
Ezitshalweni ezitholwe ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvulekile, iziqongo ze-3-4 cm nezingxenye ezonakele zezimpande ziyanqunywa, ngoba zizovimbela ukukhula nentuthuko. Ngemuva kwalokho izithombo ezincane zifakwa emseleni ovundisiwe bese zichithwa kakhulu ngamanzi afudumele. Umhlaba embuthanweni oseduzane-we-stem uyagcotshwa futhi wahlanganiswa ngo-Peat noma utshani.
Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla lingama-80-90 cm, naphakathi kwemigqa - okungenani amamitha ayi-2. Isikimu esinjalo sokutshala sizodala indawo yamahhala kusuka ehlathini kuya ehlathini ngesikhathi sokukha amajikijolo.
Isikhala esanele kumele sigcinwe phakathi kwemigqa yama-raspberry nokujikijela ukuze ama-raspberries angalimali ngenkathi kukha
Inqubo yokutshala izithombo ekwindla
Ukutshala izithombo ezincane zomswakama iKrasa Russia kungenziwa ekwindla. Awukho umehluko othize ekwenziweni kwezihlahla ngezinsuku ezahlukahlukene zokutshala.
Ukuhlelwa kwemibhede kuleli cala kuqala ehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla, kepha kungakapheli amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokubekwa kwezithombo kubo. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukubheka isikhathi esikhulayo sokushintshwa kwama-raspberry ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokubanda. Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba nasekuqalekeni kukaNovemba, kuye ngesifunda, amagatsha okusajingijolo agcotshwa phansi futhi aphonswe phansi. Uma lokhu kungenziwa ngesikhathi, lapho kamuva amahlumela wonyaka azoqina futhi angaqhuma uma egwetshwe. Ukusuka kulesi sici sama-raspberries, isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokutshala ekwindla sibalwa. Imibandela yayo ingakhawulelwa yisifunda ngokulandelayo:
- eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude - kusukela ekuqaleni kuya kumhlaka 20 kuSepthemba;
- kwelaseRussia maphakathi - ukusuka maphakathi no-Septhemba kuye ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba;
- esifundeni esiseLower Volga naseNyakatho Caucasus - kusukela ekuqaleni kuya kumhlaka 20 ku-Okthoba.
Nitrogen ekwindla? Inganekwane noma iqiniso?
Ama-spores ayazungeza ngokuqaliswa ekwindla kwezakhi eziqukethe i-nitrogen enhlabathini ngaphansi kwama-raspberries amakhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-nitrogen inesibopho sokukhula kwamahlamvu kanye nenhlama yonke eluhlaza yesitshalo, ngenxa yokuthi kwakheka izimbali nama-ovary. Kuyemukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi i-nitrogen engeniswe emhlabathini ngemuva kwenyanga ka-Agasti ingasakha lesi siga ukuze, ngenxa yalokho, ivimbele isitshalo ukuthi silungiselele kahle ubusika.
Kodwa-ke, isipiliyoni sikaProfessor Viktor Kichina ekuhlakuleleni izinhlobonhlobo zobuhle beRussia ne-Pride of Russia siyakuphika ukuhunyushwa okunjalo. Ukholelwa ukuthi lapho sekwengezwa i-nitrogen ekwindla, ama-raspberries entwasahlobo athuthukisa amahlumela angcono esikhundleni, kepha ukukhula kwezimpande kuzokhula kancane. Kuliqiniso, wenza ukubhuka ukuthi leyo ngxenye ye-nitrogen eyethwe ekwindla namanzi ancibilikayo entwasahlobo izongena ekuqothulweni, futhi yilokho kuphela komthamo ozohlala, ozobamba iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni isitshalo.
USolwazi V. Kichina ukholelwa ukuthi lapho sekwengezwa i-nitrogen ekwindla, ama-raspberries entwasahlobo athuthukisa amahlumela angcono futhi esikhundleni sokukhula kwezimpande kuzokhula.
Ngeqiniso, angizange ngilinge ukuthatha isivivinyo esinjalo esiyingozi. Mhlawumbe ngesimo sezulu sesiFunda saseMoscow, lapho uprofesa enze konke lokhu kuhlolwa ngomanyolo, lesi simo sezinto sinikeza umphumela omuhle, kepha eSiberia, lapho umehluko phakathi kokushisa kosuku nobusuku bosuku ngo-Okthoba kungafinyelela ama-degree angama-20, noma kunjalo, akwamukeleki. Ukuchitheka kwamandla esizukulwaneni samahlamvu amasha ezinsukwini zika-Okthoba nokuqandeka kwawo ngezikhathi zasebusuku bekuzwakala kungenangqondo kimi.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Agrotechnical yezinhlobonhlobo zobuhle baseRussia
Izinhlobo ze-raspberry Ubuhle beRussia buzokhombisa konke ukuphakama kofuzo kuphela uma zonke izimo zezolimo zibhekwa ngokuphelele. Ukuvuna ama-5-6 kg esihlahleni akuwona umkhawulo, kunganikeza ama-7-8 kg ngesizini, uma usondela ekutshaleni nasekunakekeleni ngaphandle kobuvila, kepha ngokuzola. Kodwa ngisho nangokunakekelwa okuncane, ama-raspberries anomusa ngama-3-4 kg amajikijolo.
Ubuhle be-raspberry beRussia buzokhombisa konke ukuphakama kofuzo kuphela uma zonke izimo zezolimo zibhekwa ngokuphelele
Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi zombili izinto zesivuno kanye nezesimo sezulu kunomthelela omkhulu ekuvuneni kwezikhathi zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, lapho ihlobo elimanzi noma amazinga okushisa omoya abanda kakhulu, ubuhle beRussia bungadumaza abanikazi bawo, bunikeze umphumela ophansi ngokweqile noma amajikijolo angenawo omuncu. Ukuqaliswa kwawo wonke amazinga ezolimo, ikakhulukazi kule minyaka ebucayi, kuzosiza abahlali behlobo ukuthi bangakhohliswa amathemba abo.
Ngezansi zonke izinqubo ezidingekayo ukunakekela ama-raspberries amakhulu anezithelo ezinhlobonhlobo zoBuhle baseRussia, Ukuziqhenya kweRussia, uRuby Giant nabanye.
Ithebula: iqoqo lezinyathelo zokukhulisa umkhiqizo kumakhambi we-raspberry
| Isiteji | Isikhathi | Inqubo |
| Ngemuva kweqhwa | Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi | Ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kwamagatsha aqandisiwe futhi omisiwe. Ukubopha amagatsha ukusekela noma ukuwasabalalisa kuma-trellises. |
| Ngesikhathi sokugcwala kwezinso | Ukuqala May | Ukugqunywa kwezimpande ngomanyolo we-liquid noma we-granular aqukethe i-urea, i-potrateum-calcium nitrate, umlotha wezinkuni kanye nama-phosphates ngesilinganiso se-3-4 kg sokwakhiwa ngekhulu elilodwa. Izingxube zezimboni ezenziwe ngomumo ezenziwe nge-raspberries zasentwasahlobo zamukelekile: I-Plantafol, Novofert, Agricola, Azofoska, Ideal nabanye. |
| Isiteji ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza | Meyi - Juni | Ukwethulwa komquba owuketshezi (1: 10) noma ukuphonsa inyoni (1: 20) ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Ukuhlanganiswa nomquba we-peat ngesilinganiso samabhakede ama-2-3 esihlahleni ngasinye. |
| Izinsuku eziyi-12-14 ngemuva kokondla umquba | NgoJuni - Julayi | Ukwenza Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wama-raspberries. Ukufafaza okuphezulu ngezidakamizwa ezinegalelo esibelethweni. Le yi "Ovary", "Bud", "Umphenyi" nabanye. |
| Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo | Julayi-Agasti | Kusetshenziswa kuphela ingubo ephezulu ye-liquid liquid. Amakha amajikijolo aphezulu ngamakhemikhali awavunyelwe. Ukuhlanganiswa nomquba we-peat ngesilinganiso samabhakede ama-2-3 esihlahleni ngasinye. Ngasikhathi sinye, amahlumela akhula ngentshiseko onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila kumele akhishwe ibanga elingama-70-100 cm kusuka emhlabathini - lokhu kwenzelwa ukwakha amagatsha asebusweni. |
| Ngemuva kokukhetha amajikijolo | Kusukela maphakathi no-Agasti. Ukusuka kulokhu kuqala ukubekwa kokuvunwa konyaka olandelayo. | Ukuqinisa uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo - ukwethulwa kukamanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, kufaka phakathi i-nitrogen equkethe. Kusetshenziswa umanyolo weCalcium-potassium ukuqinisa izinsizwa ezincane, ezingakabi nezithelo ngesilinganiso sama-3-4 kg ngekhulu elilodwa. Uma kusetshenziswa umlotha esikhundleni se-potassium, khona-ke kuzodingeka amabhakede angama-30 kuya kwama-raspberries ayikhulu. Uma izakhi ze-calcium-potassium enhlabathini zingagezwanga futhi zigcinwe isikhathi eside, khona-ke ukusetshenziswa kwazo kunconywa kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu. |
| Ngemuva kokuqhakaza nokuwa kwamaqabunga | Septhemba | Ukusika ezimpandeni zamahlumela aqhakaza. Ukuluka nokukhonkotha amahlumela amasha aneminyaka efanayo. |
| Ngokuqala kweziqalo zobusuku obukhanyayo | Okthoba - Novemba | Ukulala ubuthongo kuphakamisa umquba we-peat noma i-humus. Ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima kakhulu, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqale kuphekwe amahlumela ngendwangu eyelwayo yokuphefumula. Imigoqo egcina iqhwa, njengamagatsha noma uthango owomile izosiza ukugcina iqhwa nokufudumala emahlathini ebusika. |
| Lapho ukutshala, isomiso, noma lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuntuleka komswakama | Ukuchelela imvamisa kunqunywa izimo zezulu zesimo sezulu nesifunda. | Ukunisela endaweni ephakathi yeRussia kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4. Ukuntuleka kokuswakama kwenhlabathi kuchazwa kanjena: udinga ukuthatha inhlama yomhlaba ngaphansi kwesihlahla se-raspberry, uyihlikihle ngenqindi bese ungayicaci - uma isigaxa sikhukhumele, umhlabathi womile, sekuyisikhathi sokuwunisela. |
| Ngemuva kokunisela noma imvula | Njalo | Ukuvula, ukususwa kokhula, umanyolo womhlabathi. |
Igalari yezithombe: Imisebenzi ye-raspberry Agrarian
- Amagatsha okusajingijolo aboshelwa kusekela noma ama-trellises entwasahlobo
- Ukufafaza okuphezulu ngezinhlanganisela ezinempilo kukhuthaza ukuqhakaza okwenziwe ngezimbali nokwakheka kwamaqanda
- Ngemuva kokuba ukuvuna sekubuyiselwe ngokuphelele, amahlumela okuhlwanyelwa kufanele anqunywe ezimpandeni
- Maphakathi no-Okthoba, amahlumela anonyaka kufanele agobeke, aboshwe ngezihloko futhi aboshwe emhlabathini ngamabakaki
Kafushane nje ngezifo nezinambuzane zama-raspberries amakhulu
Isifo sezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ezinezithelo zifaka phakathi i-didimella, i-grey bola, i-anthracnose, i-powdery hlobo, i-leptospherium. Kepha, njengoba uSolwazi Viktor Kichina aphawula, endaweni yakhe yokuhlola, bekungafanele babhekane nazo. Futhi ubuhle beRussia, ne-Aborigine, nezinye izitshalo ezinkulu ezinezithelo ezinkulu kumelana nazo. Ukugoqa, ukubuka amagciwane kanye ne-bacteriosis kuzodlula kuma-raspberries, uma ulandela ngokucophelela lonke uhla lwezindlela zokuthibela olubaliwe ngenhla.
Ukugwema izifo kuma-raspberry we-Ubuhle beRussia, kwanele ukumane ufeze yonke inkimbinkimbi yezindlela zokuvimbela
Kwezinambuzane ezingalimaza ama-raspberries amakhulu, izithelo zamabhungane okusajingijolo kanye ne-raspberry fly zibizwa. Lapho kuvela izimpawu zomonakalo, basebenzisa i-1% karbofos noma i-0.5% BI-58. Zombili zingama-insecticides amahle anikeza izinambuzane ithuba lokuphila. Izisombululo zilungiswa ngokuya ngemiyalo evela kumenzi.
I-Bi-58 yisinambuzane sesizukulwane esisha esinganiki izinambuzane ithuba elilodwa lokusinda.
Ividiyo: Izithelo ze-raspberry Ubuhle beRussia
I-raspberry bush yindlela eyinkimbinkimbi ezosebenza ngaphandle kokwehluleka, uma uyinakekela, uyithande uyinike ukudla nesiphuzo ngesikhathi. Njenganoma yisiphi “isitshalo sokukhiqiza amajikijolo aphilayo” ngeke sikhiqize ngokuphelele izimpahla ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza komuntu, kuphela ngoba asikho endaweni ekahle oyinyumba, kodwa kumhlaba ojwayelekile, sithambekele emaphutheni, ekuchithekeni kanye nasebubini obubi. Futhi iqhaza lomuntu ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwale fektri likhulu kakhulu.
