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Izici zokusika kwama-currants ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka, okuyizindlela zokusika ezingcono ukukhetha

Indlela yemifino, lapho kutshalwa isitshalo esisha kusuka engxenyeni yesihlahla esidala se-uterine, ithathwa njengeyona engcono kakhulu ekusakazeni ama-currants. Ngokusika, inani elikhulu lezithombo ezincane zitholakala, zibonakaliswa ngokufana ngofuzo kanye nokugcinwa okuhle kwezimpawu zokuhlukahluka.

Ungasika kanjani i-currant

Inqubo yokwenziwa kabusha kwama-currants ngokuvamile ayilethi noma yibuphi ubunzima, uma ulandela izincomo eziningi ezidingekayo. Inqubo yokusika ifaka izigaba ezine eziyinhloko:

  1. Ukukhetha isihlahla esifanelekile ngokuxhunyelelwa.
  2. Ukuvuna ukusika.
  3. Ukutshala izithombo.
  4. Ukunakekelwa okuningana.

Ukukhetha isitshalo somama kanye nensimbi

Ngaphambi kokuqhubekela esigabeni sokuqala, kubalulekile ukwenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela. Kuqukethe ukukhetha okulungile kwesitshalo somama ukuthola inani elikhulu lezithombo ezinempilo. Akufanele uthathe izinto zokutshala esihlahleni esingahleliwe. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlaziye isivuno sezitshalo eminyakeni engama-2-3 edlule bese uhlola ngokucophelela ama-currant.

Amabhasi alungele ukuqoqa impahla:

  • uqine, uphilile;
  • olungonakaliswa izinambuzane nezifo;
  • uthela kakhulu

Isihlahla esikhulayo sokusika kufanele sibe siphilile futhi sithwale kakhulu

Njengomthetho, izitshalo ezineminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala zilungele kakhulu ukusikwa.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza ngethuluzi eliloliwe ukuze ukusikwa kube isicaba, kungadabulwa. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ummese, ngoba izihlahla zokuthena zingaluma amahlumela kanti ukusikwa kuzoba kubi. Zonke izindawo zokusika zifakwa ngaphambi kwe-gciwane ngotshwala noma ezinamanzi abilayo.

Sika ukusika kwe-currant kangcono ngommese obukhali obukhali ukuze unciphise amahlumela

Ukuvuna ukusika

Izimbambo zingaba:

  • lignified
  • luhlaza
  • kuhlangene.

Izinhlobo ezisikiwe

Ukuphunyuka okuvuthiwe konyaka odlule kuthathwa njengento enesizungu. Amagxolo egatsha elinjalo alukhuni futhi abushelelezi, anombala onsundu. Ngokuxhunyelelwa, amahlumela waminyaka yonke akhiwa ngonyaka odlule athathwa. Lawa ngamagatsha akhula kusuka empandeni, noma amahlumela amasha emagatsheni aneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala.

Ukusikwa okusha kwe-currant kumagatsha aneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala kufanelekile njengezisiko

Ukusikwa kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obulandelayo:

  1. Amahlumela anqunywa phansi ngaphandle kwe-hemp, ububanzi begatsha buba ngu-8-10 cm okungenani.
  2. Ukusika kusikwa kusuka maphakathi negatsha. Ubude ngamunye bu malunga ne-15-20 cm, izinso ezi-4-5 ezinempilo kufanele zitholakale kuzo. Ungenzi ukuthi ukusika kube yinde, ngoba kulokhu ukutshala kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunengozi yokuhlaselwa yizimpande ngesikhathi sokufakelwa.
  3. Emaphethelweni aphansi, ukusikwa kwenziwa engela elingakwesokudla futhi ngo-1-1,5 cm ngaphansi kwezinso. Ukusikwa ngasemaphethelweni angenhla kwenziwa nge-angle engu-45-60 ° no-1-1,5 cm ngaphezu kwezinso. umbala.
  4. Uma izinto zokutshala zingahlelwanga ukutshala ngokushesha, khona-ke kunconywa ukugcoba amaphuzu asikiwe nge-varnish engadi noma i-wax.

I-currant shank ngayinye kufanele ibe nezinso ezinempilo ezi-4-5

Ukuvunwa kwama-cutter lignified kwenziwa kokubili ekwindla nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Ama-cuttings aluhlaza

Kusetshenziswa amahlumela amasha konyaka wamanje, asevele eqalile ukhuni, kepha abe nombala oluhlaza. Kumele zikhuthale futhi zingaphuki uma zigobekile.

Ama-cutways aluhlaza asikwa kusuka amahlumela amasha alo nyaka

Kunconywa ukusika izingqimba ngosuku olunamafu lapho izinga lokushisa lishintsha lizungeze +20 ° C.

  1. Amagatsha akhethiwe anqunywa esihlahleni.
  2. Kwabasisikiwe, ingxenye ephakathi iyathathwa (ingxenye engezansi ayimpande kahle, futhi ingxenye engenhla cishe izobanda ngoba izinkuni zayo zazingenaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa).
  3. Izimbambo ezinamaqabunga ama-3-4 ziyanqunywa, cishe zibe ngu-15 cm.
  4. Isigaba se-apical senziwe ngo-1 cm ukuphakama kunesibeleso esingaphezulu; ukusuka phansi, isiqu sisikwa cishe ngo-1 cm ngaphansi kwezinso lokugcina.
  5. Amaqabunga aphansi ayasuswa, angaphezulu ancishiswa ngesigamu ukunciphisa ukwehla komswakama.

Amahlamvu asikwa phakathi ukuze anciphise ukuhwamuka komswakama

Lapho-ke ukusikeka kufakwa emanzini acwengekile noma kusixazululo sanoma ikuphi ukukhula. Ukutshala kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha, ngoba izinto zokutshala ezinjalo azikwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside.

Ama-cutways aluhlaza asikwa ngoJuni noma ngoJulayi, ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kakhulu kwama-currants.

Izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe

Ama-cutways ahlanganisiwe angamagatsha okukhula minyaka yonke anengxenye yezinkuni zonyaka odlule. Imvamisa yilezi amahlumela ezilandela lo nyaka, ezikhule emagatsheni angonyaka odlule. Ukusikwa kusikiwe ukuze ingxenye yeminyaka emibili ibe ngu-3-5 cm ubude (itholakala ekhoneni kusikhuni). Isikhathi esihle kunazo zonke sokuvuna lezi zinqenqema zizoba ukuphela kukaMeyi nokuqala kukaJuni.

Izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisiwe ezisikiwe ngesithende esingu-3-5 cm ubude

Ukusika kwentwasahlobo

Entwasahlobo, ukusikwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa cuttings lignified, isivuno sawo kungahlanganiswa ukuthenwa kwentwasahlobo. Kuyalulekwa ukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kuze kube yilapho sekuqalile ukugeleza kokuncipha kanye nezinso zingakashisi. Ukusiphula impahla yokutshala evuniwe, unga:

  • emanzini
  • emhlabathini.

Ngokutshala kwentwasahlobo, ukusika okusikiwe esikhathini sekwindla nakho kuyasetshenziswa.

Ukubamba phansi emanzini

Indlela yokuxhunyelelwa emanzini ilula kakhulu futhi ishesha.

  1. Izimbumbulu ezisikiwe zibekwa ezitsheni ezinamanzi (izimbiza zeglasi, izingilazi, amabhodlela epulasitiki) wezingcezu ezi-3-4. Amanzi kufanele amboze izinso ezimbili ezingezansi.

    Ama-currant asikiwe afakwa ezitsheni ukuze amanzi amboze izinso ezimbili eziphansi

  2. Ngemuva kwalokho ukusikeka kuvezwa endaweni ekhanyayo, kepha hhayi ngaphansi kwelanga elikhanyayo.
  3. Ngemuva cishe kwesonto, izinso ziyavuvukala, kuthi ngemuva kwamabili, amaqabunga avuleke.
  4. Uma kunezimbali, khona-ke ziyasuswa ukuze zingaphangi isitshalo samajusi.
  5. Izimpawu zokuqala zokwakheka kohlelo lwezimpande (amashubhu) ziyavela emavikini ayi-1-1,5. Lapho ubude bezimpande budlula i-5 cm futhi i-lobe yezimpande ikhule ngokwanele, ukusikeka kusatshalaliswa ezitsheni ezihlukile. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha izinga le-liquid ezingilazini futhi ulishintshe njalo.
  6. Izinto zokutshala zitshalelwa emhlabathini ngemuva kwamasonto angama-2-3, lapho kwakheka izimpande eziqinile.
  7. Ekwindla, kutshalwa izihlahla ezikhulile.

Ama-currant we-currant atshalwe enhlabathini lapho ukubuya kwesithwathwa kuphela

Kufanele iqondiswe yizimo zesimo sezulu sendawo futhi ingaqhubeki ngokufika, ngenkathi usongo lwama-frost wokubuya lisalele.

Ukufakelwa

Izingcezu ezisikiwe ezinamabala zingagxila ngokuqondile emhlabathini. Isakhiwo sokutshala sidinga ukulungiswa kusengaphambili futhi sivundiswe kahle (1 m2 inhlabathi ithatha ama-5-6 kg we-peat kanye ne-humus, 40-60 g we-superphosphate ne-15-20 g we-potassium sulfate). Ngemuva kwalokhu, aqala ukufika.

  1. Bemba umsele ongaba ngu-20-30 cm ububanzi kanye nokujula okufanayo. Umsele ugcwele ukuxubana kwenhlabathi kusuka enhlabathini eshidi, umquba obolile, i-peat ne-humus, kuthathwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Emhlabathini ugcwele amanzi ancibilikile, ukusika kusheshe kumile.
  2. Zitshalwe kungekho eduze kuka-10-15 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye nge-engela ka-45 °. Ngaphezulu komhlaba kufanele kube nezinso ezi-1-2. Phakathi kwemigqa yokusika kushiye cishe ama-50 cm.

    Izithombo ezingama-currant zitshalwa emseleni nge-engela ka-45 ° - ngakho-ke kuzoba ngcono ukutshala

  3. Inhlabathi ihlanganiswe kahle (inyathelwe phansi), bese iniselwa kahle. Ukuvimbela ukuhwamuka komswakama, umhlaba umbozwe ungqimba we-mulch kusuka ku-humus noma ku-peat (3-5 cm).
  4. Ukusheshisa inqubo yokubhula kwezingcambu, ukutshala kumbozwe ngefilimu noma ngezinto zokumboza.

Emhlabathini ugcwele amanzi ancibilikile, ukusikwa kwe-currant kutholakala ngokushesha.

Isikhathi esingangenyanga, uzodinga ukunisela okutshale nsuku zonke. Uma izinga eliphezulu lomswakama laligcinwa njalo, khona-ke ekwindla okungafika ku-90% ukusikwa kutholakala ezimpandeni. Zitshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo kule ukuwa okufanayo noma intwasahlobo elandelayo.

Ukusika ama-currants ehlobo

Ungasakaza ngempumelelo ama-currants ehlobo, usebenzisa ukusika okuluhlaza. Isikhathi esihle sokusikwa kwehlobo kubhekwa isikhathi kusukela maphakathi noJuni kuya ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Okwamanje, lesi sitshalo sikhula ngokukhuthele futhi kunamathuba amaningi okubamba okuphephile.

Inqubo akufanele yenziwe ngosuku olushisayo lwehlobo. Ngokutshala okusaliwe, izinga lokushisa elilungile licishe lifinyelele ku-+20 ° C.

Ama-currant aluhlaza atshalwa ngokushesha emhlabathini

Ukufakelwa kwempahla kwenziwa ngokuya ngalolu hlelo:

  1. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokusika, amagatsha afakwa emanzini amahora angama-10-12 ngokufakwa kwesikhuseli sokukhula (i-Epin, Heteroauxin, njll).
  2. Indawo efakwa kuyo ilungiswa endaweni abamba ukushisa kuyo noma abamba ukushisa. Ingxube yenhlabathi inezingxenye ezilinganayo ze-peat, umhlaba ovundile, umquba kanye nesihlabathi somfula.
  3. Izilimo zijula ​​ngo-2-3 cm. Phakathi kwazo zigcina ibanga elingaba ngu-6-8 cm.
  4. Isithombo ngasinye simbozwe ngembiza yengilazi noma ngengilazi esobala.
  5. Isimo esiyinhloko sokukhula okuphumelelayo kokusika okuluhlaza ukugcina izinga lokushisa eliphakeme njalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bayaniselwa futhi bafafazwe kaningana ngosuku. Umhlaba lapho izithombo zikhula khona kufanele ube womile ngaso sonke isikhathi.
  6. Izithombo zinombala zisuka ekuchayweni ziqondiswe elangeni ngqo ukuze kungabikho okushayo.
  7. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3, lapho ukubekelwa phansi kwezimpawu kubangwa, ukuthambisa kuncishiswa kube kanye ngosuku.
  8. Izitshalo zondliwa ngomanyolo we-nitrogenous (40 g we-urea ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi) bese zivulwa kancane kancane, zikujwayela ukuvula izimo zomhlaba.
  9. Entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo, ama-cuttings atshalwa ku-cuticle ukuze akhule.

    I-cutlery yibhokisi lokusika kwe-midzio ngaphandle kwephansi, embozwe ifilimu noma isivalo sengilazi

  10. Izithombo ezisencane zidluliselwa endaweni ehlala ekwindla, okungukuthi, unyaka emva kokusika.

Ngokutshala kwehlobo, ama-cuttings aluhlaza ahlanganisiwe nengxenye yokhuni olunezinkuni nawo ayasetshenziswa.

Ukusikwa kwe-Autumn

I-Autumn ithathwa njengesikhathi esifanele sokusika amajikijolo. Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba (ngokuya ngesimo sezulu sendawo), lapho amaqabunga esevele ewile futhi ukugeleza kokuncipha kwehlisa ijubane, ukusikwa okunenhlonipho kusikwa.

Ngemuva kokusika ngezinto zokutshala, benza ngendlela ehlukile ngokuya ngezinhloso zomgcini wegadi:

  • etshalwe ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile;
  • imile ezitsheni nomhlaba futhi igcinwe efulethini kuze kube sentwasahlobo;
  • egcinwe esimweni sokulala.

I-Autumn ibhekwa njengesikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuvuna ama-currant cuttings

Ukutshala ukusika engadini

Indawo efinyelela kuyo kufanele ibe nelanga futhi ivikeleke emimoyeni. Umbhede udinga ukulungiswa kusenesikhathi - cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kosuku olulindelekile.

  1. Inhlabathi ye-Acidic yenziwe deoxidized yi-cannon, umlotha noma umdwebo, ngoba ama-currants awakubekezeleli ukukhuphuka kwe-acidity.
  2. Ngemuva kwalokho kumanyolo we-organic (umquba, umquba, i-peat) wethulwa emhlabathini noma ushintshwe ngomanyolo wamaminerali: 20 g we-potassium sulfate no-50 g we-superphosphate ephindwe kabili nge-1 m2.
  3. Umbhede ovundile umbiwe kahle waze wafika ku-30 ​​cm okungenani.

Lapho bemba ngokujulile, izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, ezazingene emhlabathini ebusika, ziyoba ngaphezulu bese zibanda kumakhaza.

Ama-cutter we-currant ahlanganisiwe atshalwe kuma-grooves nge-engeli

Lungisa ama-grooove afinyelela ku-40 cm ububanzi bese uqala ukufika.

  1. Izinduku ezisikiwe zinamathela emhlabathini nge-angle engu-45-60 ° kanye nebanga le-15-20 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
  2. Ukujula kokugxiliswa kwenziwa cishe ngo-6 cm, ukuze izinso ezi-2-3 zihlale ngaphezulu komphezulu womhlaba.
  3. Ngemuva kwalokho, umhlaba osondelene nehlumela ngalinye unyathelwa ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme ukwakheka kwezinsimbi zomoya futhi uchitheke kakhulu ngamanzi.
  4. Amapulangwe ambozwe ungqimba we-mulch (5-10 cm) kusuka ku-peat, utshani noma amaqabunga awile.

Uma kufudumele isikhathi eside ekwindla, khona-ke ama-cutter currant atshaliwe adinga ukuniselwa njalo.

Entwasahlobo, izithombo cishe ziqala ukukhula ngokushesha, futhi ekwindla zingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo.

Ukwehlulwa ethangini

Ungatyala izithombo ezivunwe ezitsheni ezihlukile nge-substrate. Kuze kube entwasahlobo, kufanele zigcinwe ezimweni zekamelo.

  1. Izitsha zokutshala (amabhodwe, izingilazi zepulasitiki, izikhwama zobisi, njll.) Zigcwele ingxube yenhlabathi yengadi, i-humus, i-peat kanye nesihlabathi somfula esihlanganayo, esithathwa ngokulinganayo. Kudonswa amanzi amancane ezansi (ubumba olwandisiwe, amatshe amancane, amashidi aphukile, njll.) Bese kwenziwa umgodi (lapho ukhona).
  2. Ama-cutways atshalwe endaweni engaphansi, ashiya ama-2-3 efihlekile ngaphezu kwenhlabathi.
  3. Ngemuva kwalokho inhlabathi ichobozwe kahle futhi igcwala ngeminwe yakho, iniselwa.
  4. Ukudalula endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle (i-windows sill).

Ekwindla, ukusika kwe-currant kungatshalwa ku-substrate, lapho zizokhula khona kuze kube sentwasahlobo

Ukunakekelwa ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo kuzoba ukuthambisa okuvamile. Lapho izinga lokushisa lesikhathi sasemini lifika + 13 ... +15 ° C, izithombo ezicijile zidluliselwa emhlabeni ovulekile. Zingakhonjwa ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo, noma zingatshalwa engadini kuze kube ukuwa kokukhula.

Ukugcinwa kwezithombo ukusika entwasahlobo

Akudingekile ukutshala izingcezu ezinesilimo, izinto zokutshala zingagcinwa kuze kufudumale ngaphandle kokubhula.

  1. Ngemuva kokusika, lezi zingxenye zifakwa ngokucophelela kuphalafini we-liquid noma i-wax ukuze umswakama uvele kancane bese izithombo zingavuthi.
  2. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-cutways ahlelwe ngosayizi, ahlanganiswe kuzinqwaba zezingcezu eziyi-10-20.
  3. Bese beyigoqa ku-foil noma bayifaka ebhodleleni lepulasitiki elisikiwe.
  4. Ngezikhathi ezithile, izigaxa zokusika zivulelwa umoya omncane futhi kuhlolwe ukuba khona kwezilonda fungal.

Ungagcina izikhwebu eshalofini elingaphansi kwesiqandisi, futhi uma usika izingcezu zesihlabathi noma i-sawdust, ungazigcina egumbini elingaphansi noma esisele.

Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukusikwa kokungcwaba emaqandeni eqhwa ajulile.

Ama-currant asikiwe angagcinwa esiqandisini.

Ngokuqala kwezinsuku ezifudumele, izinto zokutshala zitshalelwa endaweni evulekile esizeni.

Ukusika ama-currants ebusika

Kulabo balimi nabahlali basehlobo abahlala kumasayithi abo unomphela, ukusikwa kwe-currant ezinyangeni zasebusika kufanelekile.

  1. Amagatsha anezinhlamvu minyaka yonke anqunywa kusukela ekuqaleni kukaDisemba kuze kube sekupheleni kukaFebhuwari.
  2. Amahlamvu asikiwe abekwa esitsheni esinamanzi anoshukela (¼ ithisipuni nge-1 litre lamanzi) bese efakwa efasiteleni.
  3. Lapho izimpande zivela (ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-25-30), izithombo ezisikiwe ezitsheni ezihlukile endaweni engaphansi.
  4. Ngemuva kwalokho ziniselwa njalo futhi zigadwe ukuze zihlale zifudumele.

Ama-currants anganqunywa ngisho nasebusika

Ukuvimbela izingqimba zingabandi, amagwebu angabekwa ngaphansi kwesitsha.

Amahlamvu ngokuvamile avela ngoFebhuwari. NgoMeyi, lapho kungasenakuba khona amaqhwa, izithombo ezicijile zidluliselwa emhlabathini esizeni.

Nakekela ukusikwa

Ukunakekelwa okulandelayo kokusika okutshaliwe akunzima ikakhulukazi. Kuyadingeka ukhula njalo lokhula ukhulule umhlabathi. Kubalulekile ukunisela okutshala amanzi ngesikhathi esifanele, ngoba ukumiswa kwenhlabathi kuthinta kabi izithombo ezincane. Ngaphandle kokusindisa, wonke amabhulashi wezimbali kufanele asuswe, ngoba asusa izakhi zomzimba kusuka ekusikeni futhi anciphise ukukhula kwawo.

Izithombo ezisikiwe ze-currant zidinga ukuniselwa kahle

Izitshalo zidinga ukondliwa okungenani kabili ngenyanga. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa umanyolo wezimbiwa noma we-organic tata (ngokuya ngemiyalo). Ukweqisa umthamo womanyolo akunconywa, ngoba lokhu kuzothinta kabi ukukhula kwama-currants.

Amabhishi amancane asabela kahle ekusebenzeni komanyolo aqukethe i-nitrogen (urea, nitrophoska, ammonium nitrate) ngesilinganiso sika-3-5 g nge-1 m2. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kathathu:

  • ekuqaleni kokukhula (ngoMeyi);
  • esigabeni sokukhula okusheshayo (kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuJulayi);
  • ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi, uma izihlahla zingakhiwa kahle.

Kunconywa ukuhlanganisa ukugqoka okungaphezulu nokunisela. Ungathela ukumnika okubuthakathaka komquba omusha ngokufaka umlotha omncane wezinkuni osikiwe ekwakhiweni.

Izithombo ezakhiwe kahle nezikhulile zidluliselwa endaweni eyiyo.Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono ngokudluliselwa kwengqondo, ukuzama ukungalimazi isigaxa sobumba. Imvamisa isizini eyodwa yanele ekwakhekeni kwesithombo. Kepha uma ngasizathu simbe lesi sitshalo singakhuli kahle, singashiywa sikhule endaweni yakudala elinye ihlobo.

Ividiyo: usika kanjani ama-currants

Ukusika ama-currants kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Leli siko le-berry lilula kakhulu ukubekezelela inqubo enjalo futhi lithethelela amaphutha amaningi. Ngisho nomlimi we-novice uyakwazi ukubhekana nalokhu. Ngale ndlela, ungasabalalisa izinhlobonhlobo zakho ozithandayo, futhi uthole isitshalo esisha esitsha esikhundleni sezithelo ezindala nezingakhi kahle.

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