Izithombo ze-Basil: khula futhi utshale kahle

I-Basil isithokelo esisebenzayo esinikeza izitsha ukunambitheka okumnandi nephunga elimnandi. Ngokuqala kwesizini yehlobo, ngifuna ukuthola isivuno sokuqala salesi zinongo ezibalulekile nezihlwabusayo. Ngokuhlwanyela ngokuqondile emhlabathini, isivuno kuzodingeka silinde isikhathi eside, ngoba i-basil yi-thermophilic, ifuna ngenani lomsoco wenhlabathi nemithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Kepha uma uyikhulisa ngezithombo, khona-ke ngeke kube nzima ukufeza isivuno sokuqala sotshani.

Ukuhlwanyela izithombo ze-basil

Indlela yesithombo yokutshala i-basil yithuba lokuthola imifino yakudala futhi iqoqe izinto ezibonakalayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokutshala isizini ezayo. Izithombo ezinempilo nezinamandla ziwukhiye womphumela omuhle, ngakho-ke lapho uyitshala, udinga ukunaka isikhathi sokutshala, kanye nemibandela yokutshala kwayo.

Isinyathelo 1: nquma isikhathi sokufika

Lapho unquma isikhathi sokutshala imbewu, udinga ukugxila ekuthini isikhathi sokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile noma ku-greenhouse. Esimweni sezulu esifudumele, lokhu cishe kuyiminyaka eyishumi yokuqala kaJuni. Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo, izithombo zingatshalwa maphakathi no-Meyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ama-frost abuyele esimeni esidlule, kuzosungulwa isimo sezulu esifudumele, inhlabathi izofudumala ngokwanele (kufinyelela ku- + 10-15 degrees), futhi izinhlekelele zezulu ngeke zisongele ukutshala kwe-basil.

Imininingwane ewusizo! Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, i-basil imvama kakhulu etshalwe ngembewu ngqo emhlabathini, kodwa ezindaweni ezisenyakatho isivuno esigcwele singatholakala kuphela ngezithombo ezikhulayo.

Ukuze unqume ngokunembile isikhathi sokuhlwanyela, sebenzisa uhlelo olulandelayo:

1. Ngephuzu lesethenjwa, sithatha usuku olulinganisiwe lokudlulisa izithombo endaweni egcwele. Ake sithi endaweni yakho, usuku okungenzeka ngalo kunguJuni 1.
2. Kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-60 ukusuka kulolu suku - iminyaka efanelekile yezithombo ngaphambi kokutshala. Sithola ngo-Ephreli 2.
3. Susa amanye amasonto ama-2. Lesi yisikhathi esiphezulu esidingekayo ukuze imbewu ikhule. Usuku olwamukelwe lungoMashi 19.
4. Uma izithombo zizokhuliswa ngokukha, okungukuthi, ngokufakelwa kusuka kumthamo ophelele zinzelwe ngamunye, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukukhipha ezinye izinsuku ezingama-4-5 (isikhathi sokushintsha izithombo emva kokukhetha). Sithola usuku lokuhlwanyela imbewu - Mashi 14.

Lapho unquma isikhathi sokuhlwanyela, kufanele unake ukuhlukahluka okukhethiwe. I-Basil yokuvuthwa okuphakathi nendawo sekwephuzile ikhula kancane, ngakho-ke imbewu yayo itshalwe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambili. Isikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa kwezinhlobo zakuqala naphakathi nantathu kumele ziguqulwe zibheke ngaphesheya. Lezi zitshalo zikhula ngokushesha futhi zingaphuma ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Lokhu kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu, ngoba izithombo ezandisiwe zizokhula isikhathi eside.

Nakani! Uma ukulinyelwa kwe-basil kuhlelwa endaweni eluhlaza, isikhathi sokuhlwanyela kwezithombo siguqulwa amasonto amabili, okungukuthi, ekuqaleni kukaMashi.

Isinyathelo 2: lungisa iziqukathi

Noma yimuphi umthamo ulungele ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-basil. Lapho ukhetha, kufanele unqume kusengaphambili ukuthi uzokhulisa izithombo ngohlobo lwezithombo noma ngaphandle kwazo. Uma uhlela inqubo yokuntywila, lapho-ke sekuqala ukuhlwanyelwa, ungakhetha amabhokisi lapho izithombo zizizwa zikhululekile, kuzoba lula ukuwanakekela, angahanjiswa ngokushesha endaweni entsha noma athumele ngaphesheya kolunye uhlangothi.

Lapho ukhetha amathangi okufika, khumbula ukuthi ukuphakama kwawo kufanele okungenani kube ngu-8 cm

Lapho ukhule ngaphandle kokukhetha, ukhetha iziqukathi ngazinye. Kulokhu, ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu kungenziwa:

• amaphilisi we-Peat, amakhasethi nezimbiza;
• izinyosi zamaphepha;
• ama-cartridge kanye namathreyi enziwe nge-PVC ne-polystyrene;
• iziqukathi ezivela ezintweni zokwenziwa ngcono, njll.

Igalari yezithombe: iziqukathi zokutshala ngazinye zezithombo ezikhulayo

Isinyathelo 3: khetha bese ulungisa umhlabathi

Ukuze ukhule izithombo ezinempilo, ezigcwele ngokugcwele, kufanele ucabangele ukukhethwa kwenhlabathi. Kufanele kube ukukhanya, okunempilo, ube nokuphefumula okuhle. Ungagcwalisi izitsha ngobumba. Umhlabathi onjalo awuphefumuli kahle, ngokushesha uba mnene bese uqala ukushelela izimpande zethenda. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, izithombo zingagula, zikhule zingabi namandla, zingakhuli kahle.

Nazi izinketho ezimbalwa zenhlanganisela efanelekile yenhlabathi yokutshala izithombo ze-basil:

1. I-humus, Peat, isihlabathi ngokwesilinganiso 2: 4: 1.
2. Ingadi yomhlaba, i-peat, humus ngamasheya alinganayo.

Akufanele usebenzise inhlabathi evundile kakhulu: akusizi ngalutho ukuhluma imbewu, futhi ingalimaza - inciphisa ukuvela kwezithombo nokukhula kwazo, kuvuse izifo

Kunconywa ukuba ubambe inhlanganisela yenhlabathi elungiselelwe. Ukwelashwa okushisa kuzoshabalalisa imbewu yokhula namagciwane e-pathogenic atholakala ku-humus nasengadini yenhlabathi.

Nakani! Izingxube ezinomsoco ezithengiswa ezitolo ezikhethekile zingasetshenziswa. Ngokuthola kwayo igciwane, kusetshenziswa isisombululo esigcwalisiwe se-potassium permanganate noma i-Fitosporin.

Ingxube yenhlabathi exubekile ne-magciwane, uma kunesidingo, ithululwa ngenhlanganisela yezakhi. Kulokhu, i-urea, i-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate (amathisipuni ayi-0.5 ngalinye) afakwa emanzini axazululiwe. Ngemuva kokuba umanyolo uqhibilike, gcoba i-substrate elungiselelwe nayo. Ukunisela okunjalo kuzokwenza inhlabathi ibe nokudla okunempilo, inikeze izithombo ezivelayo ngazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo.

Isinyathelo 4: sicubungula izinto zokutshala

Imbewu ye-Basil izosebenza kuphela lapho kukhona ukushisa nokukhanya kwelanga, ngoba indawo yazo yemvelo yisimo sezulu esishisayo saseNdiya. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokufika, kunconywa ukuba uzifudumaze ufike ekushiseni kwama-degrees angu-40. Lokhu kungenziwa ngewindows sunny noma kuma radiators. Ngemuva kokufudumeza, kunconywa ukufakela imbewu amahora angama-24 emanzini afudumele (cishe ama-degree angama-40,) bese uyomisa kancane.

Iseluleko esiwusizo! Ukuze sifakwe emanzini, ungasebenzisa izixazululo zezivuseleli zokukhula Zircon, Albit, njll.

Zilungiselele ukuthambisa imbewu ye-basil

Kubalulekile! Imbewu esezingeni eliphakeme, efudumele nenomswakama izohluma cishe ngosuku lwe-7-10 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela.

Isinyathelo 5: ukutshala kahle

Ukuhlwanyela i-basil kulula kakhulu. Le nqubo ifaka lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Ungqimba lwamanzi obumba olwandisiwe noma lwamatshe abekwe phansi kokufakwa. Ubukhulu bawo kufanele bube ngu-2-3 cm.
2. Isitsha sokufika sigcwaliswa nge-substrate elungiselelwe ukuze okungenani u-1 cm uhlale emaphethelweni wesitsha sokufika.
   

   Lapho ugcwalisa ithangi, cabanga ukuthi inhlabathi enomswakama ihlala kancane
3. Inhlabathi ihlanganiswe kancane futhi yomiswe.
   

   Kunconywa ukunisela inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu

4. Imbewu efudumele, eshwabene futhi yomile ibekwe ngokulinganayo phezu kwenhlabathi.
   

   Ukuze izithombo zingalweli indawo elangeni, kungcono zisheshe zisakaze imbewu zikubude obuyi-2-3 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye

5. Fafaza ngaphezulu ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi engaba ngu-0.5 cm. Lapho utshala izinhlobonhlobo eziningana, kubekwa amalebula anamagama, ukuze ukwazi ukuzulazula ezinhlotsheni ozithandayo.
   

   Gcwalisa amakhasethi ngomhlabathi osele ukuze imbewu ye-basil ingaphansi kwe-0.5-1 cm

6. Fafaza umhlabathi ngobunono (mhlawumbe kusuka kubhodlela lokufafaza) ukuze imbewu ingagezweli phezulu. Musa ukusebenzisa ukuchelela ngejet lamanzi elinamandla. Kuyamangala ukuthi imbewu kanye namanzi zingangena zijule. Ngenxa yalokhu, ziyohluma isikhathi eside noma zingavuthi nhlobo.
   

   Indlela engcono yokuthambisa umhlaba - ufafaza ngesibhamu sokufafaza

7. Izitsha zimbozwe ngefilimu noma ngengilazi futhi zibekwe endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle futhi efudumele.
   

   Ngokushesha lapho sekufikile ukwenziwa, isitsha simbozwa ngengilazi noma ifilimu le-polyethylene ukudala umphumela wokugcina ukushisa emhlabeni

Ividiyo: izithombo ze-basil enkulweni

Ukunakekela izithombo

Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokugcina amabhokisi enezithombo ezitshaliwe kungama + 20-25 degrees. Ngemuva kokuvela, izinto zokumboza ziyasuswa bese iziqukathi zibekwa egumbini elinokushisa okungama-+ 16 degrees. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, izithombo ngeke zelula.

Ngemuva kokususa ifilimu, i-basil idinga ukunikezwa ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile nangesikhathi.

Kuyadingeka ukunikeza amahlumela ngenani elanele lokukhanya. Ukukhanya okungekuhle kuzokwenza buthaka nokwelula izilimo. Ngakho-ke, beka iziqukathi ezinezithombo ezindaweni ezikhanyiswe kahle, zivikelwe ukukhanya kwelanga.

Nakani! Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kumaqabunga amancane kungadala ukushiswa.

Ukunisela

Ingaphezulu lethangi lokufika akufanele lome. Ngaphandle komswakama, izitshalo ezincane ziqala ukubuna, ziyeke ukukhula kwazo. Ukunisela amanzi inhlabathi kulimaza nembebe eshisiwe. Kungadala ukufa kwezimpande, ukubola kwabo, ukukhula kwesifo esinjengomlenze omnyama.

Kubalulekile! Uma ngesikhathi kuhlolwa izithombo uqaphele ukuthi i-constriction emnyama ivele engxenyeni engezansi yesiqu, nentambo yempande yaba mnyama - lezi yizimpawu zesifo somlenze omnyama. Kuyaphuthuma ukwelapha izithombo ngesixazululo se-sulfate yethusi: ithisipuni elilodwa le-vitriol kumalitha ama-2 amanzi afudumele.

Izithombo zothando lwe-basil uma luniselwa ngamanzi agcinwe kahle, afudumele (okungenani ama-degrees +22). Ukunisela ngokuqondile empompini kungaholela ekufeni kwezimpande. Ukunisela izithombo ngokucophelela, udinga ukuzama ukuthambisa umhlaba, hhayi ukunisela amacembe. Ukulimala ezingxenyeni eziluhlaza zesitshalo kungaholela ekusakazekeni kwezifo zokukhunta.

Izithombo ze-Basil kufanele ziniselwe ngokucophelela, ziqiniseke ukuthi zingawi

Imininingwane ewusizo! Kunombono ongelona iqiniso lokuthi ngaphambi kokuhambisa izithombo endaweni yokutshala, kufanele uniselwe kahle. Lokhu akulona iqiniso, ngoba iziqu namaqabunga anojikijolo ziba buthaka kakhudlwana, kungenzeka ukuthi ziphule, kunokuba zigobeke kancane.

Ukukhetha izithombo

Ukuhlwanyela izithombo yinqubo yokuzikhethela. Uma imbewu yayihlwanyelwa ezitsheni ngazinye, noma ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngetreyi elikhulu ngokwanele futhi izithombo azinene, khona-ke kungenzeka ngaphandle kokukhetha. Kwanele ukunciphisa izithombo futhi ungeze inhlabathi esitsheni ukuze uqinise iziqu zezitshalo.

Uma kunesidingo, ukukhetha kuthathwa esigabeni samahlamvu amabili. Ukwakheka kwengxube yenhlabathi kungalingana nalapho kuhlwanyelwa imbewu ye-basil. Ukhetho lwenziwa ngokulandelayo:

1. Izitsha zomuntu ngamunye zigcwala inhlabathi enezakhi, uyihlanganise kancane.
2. I-induction encane yenziwa enkabeni.
3. Izithombo ziyaniselwa ukuze zisuswe kalula emgodini ongaphansi futhi izithombo zihlukaniswe kalula komunye nomunye.
   

   Izithombo ze-Basil zikulungele ukungena emanzini esigabeni samaqabunga ayi-2-3

4. Isithombo ngasinye sithululelwa emgodini olungiselelwe. Ukudalwa kokutshala kufanele kufane nalokho kwezithombo.
   

   Izithombo ze-Basil azakhi izimpande ezingaphansi kwesiqu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukutshuza ungashonile

5. Amahlumela afafazwe nomhlaba.
   

   Isithombo ngasinye se-basil sitshuza esitsheni esihlukile
6. Ukunisela ngokucophelela, ukuvikela izithombo ukuthi zingawi.
   

   Ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhetha, izitshalo ziniselwa ngokucophelela

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-710 kukhethwe, izithombo zingondliwa ngo-urea (isipuni 1) ne-superphosphate (isipuni esingu-0.5) oncibilikisiwe emanzini (1 litre). Kunconyelwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukufukamela umhlaba ezitsheni ezinomlotha wezinkuni. Ngeke nje ihlinzeke izithombo ngokudla okwengeziwe, kodwa futhi kuzoba ukuvimbela okuhle kwezifo zokukhunta.

Ividiyo: ungangena kanjani phakathi kwezithombo ze-basil

Ukuphatha izithombo ze-basil

Lapho kukhula izithombo ze-basil, zizama ukudala izimo ezihle ngayo. Ngokushintshwa okubukhali endaweni eyakhiwe ngamakhambi - ngokwesibonelo, lapho kutshalwe endaweni evulekile - isitshalo sizothola ingcindezi, singalulama isikhathi eside, sigule. Kunconywa ukujwayela kancane kancane, ukulungiselela izithombo zemodi entsha yokuphila. Kulokhu, kuyathukutheliswa. Ukulima kuqala cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala isitshalo endaweni ehlala njalo. Kukhutshelwa ngaphandle komoya ohlanzekile noma kugesi wokugcina imbukiso. Isimo esiyinhloko: izinga lokushisa lezithombo ngesikhathi sokuqina kufanele libe okungenani ama-degrees angama-5.

Kubalulekile! Imodi yokuqina esebenza kahle ukudala izinga lokushisa losuku ebangeni lama + degree angu-17-16, ubusuku - + 12-15. Ngesikhathi sokuqina, ukuthambisa kwezithombo kukhawulelwe.

Okokuqala, izitshalo zidonswa umoya omusha ngaphandle kwamahora angama-2-3, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphukela ezingeni elidingakalayo le-basil

Ukudlulisa izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile

Izithombo ze-Basil zizobe zikulungele ukutshala endaweni evulekile zineminyaka engama-50-60. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele abe namaqabunga ayi-5 eqiniso, abe nempilo futhi aqine. Lapho unquma isikhathi sokufakelwa, kufanele uqondiswe yizimo zezulu: ingozi yezithambiso zasebusuku kumele idlule futhi inhlabathi ifudumele ifinyelele ekushiseni okungenani kwama-degrees ayi-10. Ukuze ufike, khetha indawo enelanga, evikelekile emoyeni osenyakatho, isiza sithukululwe futhi sigciniwe kahle ngezinto eziphilayo (1 ibhakede lomquba elijikeleziweyo ngemitha yesikwere). Ukufakwa kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. Izithombo zidluliselwa endaweni ezilungiselelwe ukutshala.
2. Uma ikhule ngopulasitiki, esitsheni sokhuni, izithombo zisuswa ngokucophelela, ziqikelela ukuthi zingalimazi inqwaba yomhlaba, zigxotshwe uhlelo lwezimpande. Izimbiza ze-Peat namathebulethi atshalwa kanye nalesi sitshalo.
   

   Izithombo ze-Basil kulula ukuzikhipha kwikhasethi lapho izimpande sezenze kahle ubumba

3. Kulungiselelwe umthombo owodwa okungenani ka-8 cm.
4. Imigwaqo ibekwa kude komunye nomunye ukuze isihlahla ngasinye sibe nendawo eyanele yokudla. Le nkomba incike ngobude bezinhlobonhlobo. Iphethini yokutshala kwezitshalo ezikhula kancane ingaba ngu-20x20 cm, kuyilapho izitshalo ezikhula zinde zingabi ngaphansi kwama-40x20 cm.
5. Umthombo ngamunye uniselwa kakhulu kusetshenziswa cishe ilitha elilodwa lamanzi.
6. Isitshalo esisebhodweni le-peat noma ngesixha somhlaba sibekwa emgodini ukuze amaqabunga amancanyana naphakathi ehlathini aqhubeke ngenhla komhlaba.
   

   Isihlahla se-basil kufanele sitshaleke ukuthi ihlumela laso eliyinhloko namaqabunga akhiwe ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi

7. Umgodi umbozwe umhlaba waphinda wachithwa ngamanzi afudumele.

Nakani! Uma ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nale mithetho, khona-ke ngezinsuku ezimbalwa, izithombo ze-basil zizongena ngokuqinile futhi isihlahla siqala ukukhula kahle.

Ividiyo: ukuthutha izithombo ze-basil engadini

Izici zokutshala izithombo ze-basil endaweni ebamba ukushisa

Emhlabathini ovikelekile, izimo ezintofontofo zokutshala i-basil zenzeka emavikini ambalwa ngaphambili kunokuvuleleka. Imithetho yokudlulisa i-basil ibe yi-greenhouse ayihlukile ekutshaleni endaweni evulekile. Isici esiyinhloko ukuthi enhlabathini engavikelekile, izitshalo zivame ukutshala ngomugqa noma ngombhede ohlukile. Ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokugcina izithombo, i-basil isetshenziswa njengesitshalo esihlanganisayo phakathi kwamatamatisi, isitshalo seqanda kanye nopelepele. Ukukhula okungcono kanye nokuqina kwesihlahla, kunconyelwa ukucindezela indawo ephezulu yesithombo. Ngokuncwa kokudla okunenhlabathi okuhle, ukuthambisa okuvama futhi okuningi, isivuno sizoba sesikhashana futhi sibe sezingeni eliphakeme.

Ezimweni zesifunda saseMoscow, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nentshonalanga nezisenyakatho, kungukutshala okuluhlaza okuzohlinzeka ngesivuno esiseduze nesichichimayo sohlaza

Ukuvumelana kwe-Basil nezinye izitshalo

I-Basil ingeyizitshalo ezilandelana nazo, okungukuthi, kulezo zinongo ezibabayo ezigcoba izinto ezithile ezinomphumela omuhle kwezinye izitshalo: ukuthuthukisa ukukhula kwazo, kukhubaza umoya, nokuxosha izinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, izihlahla ze-basil zivame ukusetshenziswa emasimini ahlanganisiwe. I-Basil ihlangana kahle nalezi zitshalo ezilandelayo:

• Utamatisi
  

  I-Basil ithuthukisa ukunambitheka kwamatamatisi, futhi ibuye ichithe izinambuzane eziningi kusuka kumatamatisi, kufaka phakathi nezibungu ezinotamatisi

• ubhontshisi. IBasil ivikela ukutshala ubhontshisi emonakalisweni ngamabhontjisi emabhontjisi;
• pepper kanye isitshalo seqanda;
  

  Abalimi abanolwazi bathi ekutshaleni i-basil + pepper, izitshalo ziyasizana

• izihlahla zezithelo. Ama-phytoncides atholwe yisitshalo anciphisa ukusakazeka kwezinambuzane nezifo;
• emaphethelweni iklabishi, izaqathe neminye imifino;
• isaladi, iparsley namanye amakhambi amnandi;
  

  Amakhambi ezinzipho angenziwa njengento ehlukile yokwakheka komhlaba - ingadi yezinongo, ezoba ngumhlobiso onephunga lendawo

• cishe yonke imibala.
  
  

  Lapho utshala i-basil engadini yezimbali, kubalulekile ukuthi unake ukuphakama nosayizi wezitshalo ezitshalwe ngokuhlanganyela

Ukuphela kwezitshalo ezingomakhelwane ezinganconyelwanga i-basil ziyimpande, kanye namakhukhamba angafuni ukutshala okuhlanganisiwe nanoma yimiphi amakhambi anephunga elimnandi. I-Basil ngokwayo ikhula kahle ngemuva kwalezo zilimo lapho kwethulwe khona inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo: ama-legumes, ukhukhamba, utamatisi, amazambane, i-zucchini, u-anyanisi, iklabishi kanye nezaqathe, kanye no-siderates. Njengoba unikezwe imithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo, awukwazi ukutshala i-basil endaweni eyodwa iminyaka eminingana. Ungabuyisela isiko endaweni yalo yasekuqaleni hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-4-5.

Ngokunikezwa inani elikhulu lezinzuzo ze-basil, izinzuzo zalo, kufaka phakathi nezitshalo zasengadini, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ube nalesi sitshalo emibhedeni evulekile nasemagumbini okugcina izithombo. Kuhlala kuphela ukukhetha izinhlobo zakho ozithandayo - futhi ungaqala ukusitshala.