Ukutshala izinja, ikakhulukazi ezikhula ezifundeni zaseRussia nase-Ukraine

IFogwood isihlahla esidala njengesihlahla esikhula hhayi kuphela eningizimu, kodwa eduze nenyakatho yeRussia. Ukwanda kwalesi siko kuyaqondakala. Ukudla amajikijolo kanye ne-infusions yawo kwenza kube nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, kuqinisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi futhi kuthuthukise ukugaya.

Imithetho yokubamba i-Dogwood

IFogwood isitshalo esisatshalaliswa ikakhulu engxenyeni eseningizimu yeRussia - eCrimea naseCaucasus, yize izinhlobo ezintsha zikhula ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Amelana neqhwa futhi akwazi ukumelana nokushisa okufika ku-30 ​​° C. Ebusika obubanda kakhulu eduze kwesihlahlana, imikhawulo yamahlumela ingabanda.

I-Dogwood - isihlahla esinde njenge-shrub-ende

Izincomo ezijwayelekile kubalimi

Ngokutshala, udinga ukukhetha indawo ekhanyayo negcwele, lapho umthombo oseduze wesithunzi uzoba okungenani amamitha ayi-5. Kepha uma isifunda sishisa kakhulu ehlobo, kungcono-ke ukuthi isihlahlana sinikeze umthunzi osesilinganisweni ngokuwutshala phakathi kwezihlahla.

Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele ajule ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.5. Inhlabathi kufanelekile ukuba ne-calcareous, futhi yize i-cornel ikhula enhlabathini ene-acidic, ngeke ithinte ukukhula kwayo kube ngcono.

Enye isici sokutshala inani lamabhasi. Njengoba ama-cornel aqhakaza ekuseni kakhulu, ekushiseni komoya okungu-+ 12 ° C, futhi izinyosi zinganduki ngalesi sikhathi, impova yenzeka ngokuhamba komoya. Ukubopha kangcono amajikijolo, kudingeka ube nezihlahla ezingama-2-3 esizeni, ebangeni elingama-3-5 m.

Ama-dogwood blooms aqhamuke lapho izinyosi zingasendizeni okwamanje, ngakho-ke, impova umoya

Kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu, izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokutshala, bmba indawo ngaphansi kwesihlahla kuya ekujuleni kuka-50-60 cm, bekhetha izimpande zokhula zisetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi ukolweni kanye ne-bindweed. Benza umanyolo we-organic kanye ne-mineral. Ngomhlaka 1 m² cishe 6 kg womquba unanele. Ekwindla, kutshalwa umquba oluhlaza: uphizi, okusanhlamvu kwasebusika, kanye nangentwasahlobo - i-vetch noma i-fatselia ngokufakwa okulandelayo kwesisindo esiluhlaza emhlabathini.

Ukutshala i-dogwood kungcono kakhulu kwisithwathwa sokuqala.

Ungatshala kanjani futhi ukhule isihlahla: izeluleko eziwusizo - ividiyo

Isikhathi sokufika

Ekwindla, isiqiniseko sokuthi umgodi osetshenziswayo uzokulungiswa. Ngemuva kwalokho ngentwasahlobo, umhlaba uyozinza futhi ugcwale amanzi entwasahlobo. Ngemuva kobusika, lesi sitshalo sivuka ekuseni ngokwanele, futhi sidinga ukutshala ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu Ezifundeni eziseningizimu lokhu kuphakathi noFebhuwari, eCentral Russia - ingxenye yokuqala kaMashi.

Ukukhetha Izithombo

Izithombo ezineminyaka emibili ubudala, eziphakeme ngo-1-1,5 m, ezinesilinganiso sobude obungu-2 cm, zinezimpande kahle. Kufanele zibe namagatsha wamathambo angama-3-5 nohlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle. Kungcono ukukhetha izithombo ezinenhlama yomhlaba lapho zikhule khona ngaphambili.

Izithombo ze-Dogwood zingcono ukuthatha iminyaka emibili ubudala, kusukela enkulisa yendawo yakho

I-Dogwood landing iphethini

Esimweni esishisayo, i-dogwood itshalwe kahle emthunzini oyingxenye wezihlahla ezinde. Isihlahla ngasinye kufanele sibe nendawo eyi-4 * 4-6 * 6 m. Ukutshala okuvame kakhulu kuzophazamisa ukucubungula kwezitshalo, ukuqoqwa kwezithelo nokuvundiswa.

Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, i-dogwood ikhula kahle emthunzini oyingxenye wezihlahla ezinde.

Izindlela eziningana zokutshala isihlahla

Ekuzaleni izinkuni, ukutshala izithombo athela izithelo iminyaka engama-2-3 kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Ukuze uqhathanise, amahlahlandlela akhule kusuka embewini akha i-ovary kuphela iminyaka engama-8-10, ngaphezu kwalokho, azihlali zigcina izakhiwo zesihlahla somzali. Zikhona nezinye izindlela zokusakazeka kwe-dogwood: ukwaba, ukugoma, ukusikwa okuluhlaza.

Ukutshala izithombo ze-dogwood

1. Endaweni ekhethiwe yokutshala ukolweni, bamba umgodi ongafika ku-80 cm ngokujula nobubanzi. Inhlabathi eyekiwe kumele iguqulwe ibe yinqwaba emibili: ingxenye engenhla yomhlabathi nengaphansi. Uma inhlabathi ivundiswe izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokutshala, akukho lutho oludinga ukungezwa. Uma ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi kungekenziwa, khona-ke amaminerali (100 g we-nitrogen no-200 g we-phosphorus kanye ne-potassium fertilizer) noma ama-organic fertilizer asetshenziswa ezansi komgodi futhi ahlanganiswe kahle nomhlabathi.
   

   Umgodi wokufika ulungiselelwe kusengaphambili, wethula ama-humus kanye namanyolo wamaminerali kuwo

2. Ngaphambi kokutshala, hlola imbewu: uma izimpande ezivulekile zomile, zidinga ukufakwa emanzini cishe amahora ayi-2.
   

   Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande ezivulekile zingcono kakhulu ezisele emanzini amahora angu-2.

3. Maphakathi nomgodi, kuthululelwa umgqumo womhlaba ovundile. Kuqhutshwa isigxobo ngokulandelayo ukubopha isihlahla. Kubalulekile ukuyibeka ukusuka ohlangothini lapho umoya uvunguza kakhulu. Isithombo sifakwa emgodini, sishiya intambo yomsuka ngo-3-4 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba.
   

   Izimpande ze-Sapling ziqonde ngqo lapho utshala, qiniseka ukuthi aziguqi

4. Gcwalisa isitshalo ngenhlabathi ekhishwe emgodini, uthele amabhakede amathathu amanzi. Ngemuva kokuxazulula inhlabathi, mulch indilinga eseduze-stem nge-humus noma umhlaba owomile. Bopha isithombo esikhonkwaneni.

Kwesinye isikhathi akunakwenzeka ukuthi utshale izinhlobo eziningana ze-dogwood eduzane ukuze ungcoliswe. Ngemuva kwalokho izithombo ezingama-2-3 zezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zibekwa emgodini owodwa. Lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela ejwayelekile, khona-ke iziqu ziyaxhunyaniswa. Ngakho-ke esihlahleni kuzoba namagatsha ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezifakwe impova. Kwesinye isikhathi phakathi kwezithombo faka isigxobo sensimbi, usisuse ngemithi.

Sikhula isihlahla esivela embewini

Ithambo leCornel litshalwe ukuzala izinhlobo ezintsha. Uzobona izithombo cishe ngezinsuku ezingama-800, okungukuthi, ngonyaka wesibili kuphela.

Izinhlobo zezinkuni zasendle zisatshalaliswa ngendlela yembewu, ezinhlanyelweni zazo lapho sekotshalwa khona imbewu

Kuyabonakala ukuthi imbewu evela ezithelo ezingavuthiwe imila ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-6,7. Indlela yokusheshisa izinkuni ezisheshayo ihlongozwe uSvetlana Nikolaevna Litvinenko. Wakhomba amajikijolo, wakhipha imbewu wayiphatha ngo-2% isisombululo se-sulfuric acid izinsuku ezintathu. Ngemuva kwale nqubo, bahlwanyelwa ebhokisini lesihlabathi ukuya ekujuleni kuka-2-3 cm futhi bahlale bemunyiswa izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngentwasahlobo, amahlumela okuqala avela. Vele, kwakungeyona i-100%, kepha bahluma ngokushesha.

Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezithombo kuvamile: ukuvimbela ukoma ukuphuma, umthunzi emisebeni ehlobo esishisayo, ukhula lokhula ngezikhathi ezithile, mulch enhlabathini. Ngonyaka wokuqala, izithombo zikhula ngo-4 cm kuphela ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Ngonyaka wesibili ngamasentimitha ayi-15, lapho-ke zingadluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo.

Imvamisa, izinhlobo zezinyamazane zasendle zikhula ngendlela yembewu, lapho izithombo zihlanganiswe khona ngezinhlobonhlobo ezitshaliwe.

Printa izinkuni ngezinsika eziluhlaza.

I-Dogwood isatshalaliswa kahle ngokusikwa okuluhlaza, okusikwa ekupheleni kukaJulayi kusuka kubhavu oneminyaka engama-5-6 nangaphezulu. Kubalulekile ukuthatha ihlumela elisha okungenani i-15 cm.

1. Isigaba esihlahleni senziwa ukusuka ngezansi, ebangeni eli-1 cm ukusuka ihlumela, ngokungacacile, amaqabunga ayasuswa bese isiqu sibekwa kwisisombululo se-heteroauxin esingu-3% amahora afinyelela kwayi-12.
2. Emthunzini, lungiselela indawo encane yokusika izingcambu enhlabathini evundile bese uyigcwalisa ngesihlabathi esigcotshwe kahle ngo-10 cm.
3. Izilimo zitshalwe esihlabathini nge-engela ka-45 ° futhi ziniselwe.
4. Mboza izihloko ezisikiwe ngefilimu ukuze phakathi kwenhla ne-coating kukhona igebe lomoya elingafika ku-20 cm.
5. Gcina izinga lokushisa ku-greenhouse lizungeze + 25 ° C, uma likhuphuka ngaphezulu, inika umoya.
6. Ngezikhathi ezithile wanisela ukusika ngokufafaza ukuze isihlabathi sihlale simanzi, futhi amanzi angazisusi izimpande.
7. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3, ukusikeka kutholakala izimpande, bese ziqala ukwenza lukhuni, ngezikhathi ezithile ziphakamisa ifilimu ukuze kungene umoya omncane, okokuqala imizuzu eminingana, bese kuthi amahora amaningi ngosuku kuthi emva kwamasonto amabili kususwe ngokuphelele. Izimbambo ngalesi sikhathi zinikwa isisombululo se-kefir se-ammonium nitrate ngesilinganiso sama-30 g ngebhakede lamanzi. Zingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo ekuweni okulandelayo.
   

   Ngokwesilinganiso, emavikini ama-5 ungathola izithombo kusuka ku-cuttings ezikulungele ukutshala ukuwa okulandelayo

Ukudlulisa isihlahla endaweni entsha

Khula kancane izinkuni ezincane kwesinye isikhathi kufanele zitshalwe kabusha. Vele, ngeke kwenzeke ukuthutha isihlahla esidala ngaphandle kwemiphumela, kodwa kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa isitshalo esincane futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukufudukela endaweni entsha. Kungcono ukufakelwa bese uhlukanisa isihlahla ekwindla, inyanga eyi-1 ngaphambi kwesithwathwa, ngenkathi inhlabathi isafudumele futhi ithambile. Bayibumba ngokucophelela, bezama ukugcina isibalo esiphezulu sezimpande. Njengoba uhlelo lwezimpande zezinja lusekujuleni okungaba ngu-40 cm, akunzima kakhulu ukuludlulisa. Onke amagatsha amadala nezimpande zesitshalo kuyasikwa, kusale okuhle futhi kunempilo; isihlahla esikhulu singagawulwa sibe izingxenye ezingama-2-3. Etshalwe ngendlela efanayo nesithombo esivamile.

Ungatshala futhi ukhule kanjani i-dogwood ezifundeni

Amaholide amaningi eCrimea ayayithanda le berry futhi afuna ukuyikhulisa ngezakhiwo zayo kulo lonke elaseRussia nakwamanye amazwe aphesheya. Ukuze lokhu kwenziwe, kunezelwa izinhlobo ezintsha ezikwazi ukuthela izithelo ngisho naseSiberia.

Ukufika kwe-Dogwood eningizimu yeRussia (Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don, Astrakhan, Stavropol)

EVolgograd nasebangeni layo, i-dogwood isinda kahle futhi ithela izithelo njalo, yize kusekhona ubungozi bokuqandeka kwamahlumela ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo sentwasahlobo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuyikhulisa ngesimo sesihlahla, kunokuba isihlahla, ukuze eminyakeni yokuqala ukwazi ukufihla iqhwa.

Izinhlobo ze-dogwood ehlukahlukene iVolgogradsky ikhula esihlahleni esifinyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama, ivuthwe ngo-Agasti

I-Volgograd ehlukahlukene ikhula ezihlahleni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinamahlumela aqondile. Amaqabunga angama-ovate, akhombe, izimbali ziphuzi ngokugqamile, emabuntshini, izithelo zohlobo lukakhokho, okusaqanda okuphakathi nendawo. Isikhathi sezimbali ze-Dogwood singu-Ephreli, ukuvuthwa kungu-Agasti-Septhemba. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu, kumelana nezifo.

Ngokulungisa isihlahlana, ungakha amajamo wokuhlobisa bese uguquguqula isimo sendawo.

Ukufika kwe-Dogwood maphakathi neRussia

Eduze nenyakatho kusiko elithanda ukushisa, okuyi-dogwood, amahlumela ahlala aqandeka ngokwezinga leqhwa, futhi ngenxa yokuqhakaza kwezimbali akuqala, aluvundululwa ngokwanele yizinyosi. Ukuze kulinywe ezifundeni eziphakathi, izinhlobo ezihlotshisiwe kufanelekile:

• IVladimirsky (izinhlobonhlobo zokukhiqiza eziphakeme ngamajikijolo amakhulu amnyama anesisindo esingama-8 g, avuthwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti nasekuqaleni kukaSepthemba);
• IVydubitsky (ukuhoxa okuphezulu, izinhlobonhlobo zaphakathi nesizini, amajikijolo abomvu amnyama);
• U-Elena (izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zokulwa neqhwa, amajikijolo aphakathi nendawo, uvuthwe ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti);
• I-Firefly (izinhlobo ezinkulu ezinezithelo ezinamajikijolo abomvu-amnyama, isivuno esiphakeme, uvuthwa engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti).

Amajikijolo we-Dogwood avuthwa isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthenga izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zaseRussia maphakathi.

Emgqeni ophakathi naphakathi eSiberia, izinhlobo ze-dogwood eziklanyelwe lapha zingcono

Ukufika kwe-Dogwood e-Urals naseSiberia

Lapho utshala i-dogwood eSiberia, kufanele ukhethe izindawo ezilula kakhulu, ngaphandle kwesithunzi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zendawo, kungcono ukuyikhulisa ngesimo se-stanza. Entwasahlobo, amagatsha aphansi agoba emhlabathini afafaze ngomhlabathi. Benza imisele emincane enhlabathini futhi babeka amahlumela anonyaka ubudala kuyo. Ingaphezulu linqunywe ukuze amandla amakhulu ahambe ekwakhekeni kwezimpande. Ngokuwa, ukuphunyula kuzothatha izimpande. Ihlukanise esihlahleni esikhulu, uzothola isithombo esilungele ukutshala. Le ndlela ivumela lesi sitshalo ukuqhuma ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa: ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli nasekupheleni kukaMeyi.

Kuthatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-100 ukuvuthwa kwezithelo, kuphela ngoSepthemba amajikijolo aqala ukuwathela, futhi imvamisa awamane uvuthwe ngenxa yokuqala kokubanda.

Ukukhula kwe-dogwood efomini le-stlan kuzovikela lesi sitshalo kusuka amahlumela okuqandisa

Enye indlela yokukhulisa isitshalo esilwa nesithwathwa ukutshala izithombo zezimbewu. Ukhuni olotshwe ngale ndlela luqhakaza kuphela emva kweminyaka engama-8-10, khona-ke izithelo ezihlanganiswe esihlahleni kumele zivunwe ziphinde zihlwanyelwe futhi. Isizukulwane sesibili se-dogwood sizobe sesivele simelana kakhulu nesithwathwa kunesokuqala. Lapho-ke ungahlwanyela imbewu etholakala kumajikijolo esizukulwane sesibili se-dogwood, futhi ukhule nezihlahla ezazijwayela kakhulu iqhwa. Ukusuka kubo ungathatha ama-cuttings bese ulala ukusakazeka okwengeziwe.

Ngaleyo ndlela ezindlini ezingaphansi kwavelana nengadi yezinja zikaVladimir Vasilievich Nikolaev. Waxazulula inkinga ngezinyosi kalula: wafaka isidleke ku-attic ehlanganisiwe, kwathi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo isihlahla sangcoliswa impova.

Ukufika kwe-Dogwood e-Ukraine

Inhlabathi ye-Alkaline eningizimu ye-Ukraine ilungele kakhulu ukukhula kwe-dogwood, futhi ngenxa yokutshala okuningi okuningi, lesi shrub sithela izithelo ezweni lonke. Eduze naseKiev-Pechersk Lavra izitshalo ezindala zasendle zitholakala, ubudala bazo sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwe-100.

Inkinga kuphela yokulima izinkuni ezweni ukutshala impahla, ngoba akuyona yonke inkulisa ethengisa izithombo. Ukufaka isitshalo akunzima kangako kunokuba nesihlahla se-apula noma ngethanga.

Izinhlobo ezinhle ngokukhula e-Ukraine yilezi:

• Amber
• Amakhorali
• Imnene
• Lukyanovsky.

Izinhlobo ze-Dogwood zokukhula e-Ukraine - igalari yezithombe

I-Dogwood iyi-berry enempilo efanelekile ukutshala kunoma iyiphi ingadi. Isihlahla esithanda ukushisa sisabalale kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu, kodwa kancane kancane sinqoba izingadi ezisenyakatho ezengeziwe.