Peas yemifino ingekalesigaba sezitshalo ezingadingi msebenzi omningi lapho sezitshaliwe ekhishini lasehlobo. Ukuze ikhule ngesikhathi futhi inikeze isivuno esigcwele yonke indlela yokwelapha okumnandi, ethandwa kakhulu yizingane, akudingeki ukuthi ukhethe izinhlobonhlobo ezifanele, kodwa futhi nokutshala imbewu engadini ngokushesha kakhulu, lapho nje kuqala umsebenzi wengadi yasentwasahlobo. Lesi yisiko ukuthi ngokuqinisekile sizombonga umlimi ngamavithamini awusizo wevithamini.
Ukukhetha indawo, ukulungiselela inhlabathi nemibhede yokutshala
Izithosi zemifino zihlukaniswe ushukela kanye no-peeling. Lezi zinhlobo ziyahlukahluka ukuthi zisebenzisa ama-pods aphelele noma zivuthwe nje. Ezweni, izinhlobo zikashukela zivame ukutyalwa, kepha kusukela endaweni yokubukwa kwezobuchwepheshe bezolimo, lokhu akubalulekile, okungenani, ukutshala kwazo zonke izinhlobo zophizi lwenziwa cishe ngokufana. Ukutshala lesi sitshalo semifino enempilo akuyona inkinga noma umlimi wokuqala.
I-Pea iyisitshalo esivimbela ukubanda, futhi baqala ukuyitshala ngokushesha lapho umhlabathi uncibilika okungenani ngemuva kobusika, ngakho-ke umbhede wengadi kufanele ulungiselelwe ekwindla: entwasahlobo ngalesi sikhathi, kunzima kakhulu ukumbiwa indawo. Umbhede ungaba usayizi omncane kakhulu, kungahle kube khona okumbalwa, ezindaweni ezingadingeki kakhulu, kepha kufanele kube yindawo enokhanya kahle: kule penumbra peas nayo izokhula, kepha isivuno sizoncipha kancane. Kuhle kakhulu ukuhlwanyela peas ushukela ekuqaleni kwezindlela, lapho izingane ziyojabula ukuyikhipha ngaphandle kokunyathela ezitshalweni.
Kungcono ukwenzela izingane indlela elula yombhede wethanga
Njengoba peas ihlwanyelwa kakhulu, ngokushesha ikhula ibe uhlobo "lwehlathi", iziqu zalo zifakwe ukhula olukhulile, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba zikhule. Ngakho-ke, noma isiza esidoti kunazo zonke kufanele sisuswe ukhula, okungenani sisetshenziswe. Amathanga athande inhlabathi, ephakathi ekwakhiweni: isihlabathi esi-loamy nesihlabathi esimnandi. Inhlabathi kumele ivundiswe ngokulingana, kepha umanyolo omningi we-nitrogen awudingeki peas: iyazinikeza ngokwayo lo msebenzi, uyikhipha kuyo yonke indawo futhi ibhekwe njenge-nitrogen yokuqongelela.
Umquba usetshenziswa kangcono (1 m ibhakede2) ngaphansi kwangaphambi kokusungulwa, futhi ekwindla bambe umbhede ngaphansi kwepasi ngokufakwa kwe-20-40 g ye-superphosphate ne-10-20 g yanoma yimuphi umanyolo wepotash. Ungafaka esikhundleni sale ngxube nge-litre yokhuni lomlotha. Uma uletha umquba ngqo ngaphansi kokutshalwa kukapheya, khona lapho izihlahla zikhula kakhulu, igatsha, sekwephuzile ukubopha isivuno, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ziyagula. Izinhlabathi ezihamba kahle ku-acidity zi-acidic kancane noma zingathathi hlangothi, uma kukhulu ngokweqile zinqunywa.
Abanduleli be-pea lapho betshala
I-Pea isitshalo esinga-whimsical, futhi ungayihlwanyela ngemuva kweminye imifino. Abandulelayo abahle kunazo zonke noma yiziphi izilimo zethanga (ukhukhamba, u-squash, amathanga), nazo zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi namazambane. I-Pea uqobo, kanye nobhontshisi ohlobene nayo, iyisandulelo esihle kakhulu semifino edume kakhulu.
Akufanele ukhule uphizi endaweni eyodwa iminyaka eminingana ngokulandelana: inhlabathi emva kwayo kufanele ibe yiminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemihlanu ihlalwa ngezinye izilimo. I-peas akufanele itshalwe ngemuva kwaluphi uhlobo lobhontshisi.
Ilungiselela imbewu yokutshala
I-peas ivame ukuhlwanyelwa ngembewu kusuka ekuvuneni kwayo, ngoba lapho kuphela isithelo sezithelo kuyo iyanyamalala futhi kunamaphamba amaningi angahlangene avuthwa abe sesimweni esigcwele. Lokhu kungumkhuba ojwayelekile ezimweni eziningi, uma ngabe kuphela izinhlamvu ezihlwanyelwe bekungeyona i-hybrid (F1): kulokhu, ungathola isivuno esihluke ngokuphelele kunalokho obekulindelwe. Amapayisi avame ukutshalwa ngembewu eyomile, esanda kuthengwa, kodwa kungcono ukuchitha isikhathi esincane ukuyilungiselela ukuhlwanyela.
Ukwenqatshwa kwembewu
Ngisho nasezinhlamvwini zethanga ezithengiwe, ezisezikhwameni ezinhle, kukhona inani elincane lezinhlobo ezingafanele, futhi ezinkulumweni zazo ezikhulayo esizeni sazo kungahle kube ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyasiza ukunqumela okungafanele. I-peas eqoqwe ngokwakho kufanele ihlolwe ukuthi ilimele: uvame kakhulu ukuvakashela umlilo. Imbewu enjalo ingena izimbobo, ngaphakathi lapho ungathola khona izinambuzane zezinambuzane, kanye nezibungu ezincane.
Ungenqaba imbewu enjalo ngesandla, uyihlunga ngayinye, kepha kuzoshesha kakhulu ukuthulula imbewu emanzini kasawoti (isipuni ilitha) bese ulinda imizuzu embalwa. Imbewu ebuthakathaka futhi inegciwane ngeke icwile, kufanele iqoqwe futhi ilahlwe. Omisiwe - hlambulula ngamanzi bese womile. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ungazitshala, kepha kungcono ukuqhubeka nokulungiselela uma kusele isikhathi esincane ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
Ukuhlolwa kokuhluma
Imbewu ye-pea ilungele ukuhlwanyelwa iminyaka engama-5-6, kodwa kuphela esimweni sokugcina esifanele, uma ingaxutshiwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni ezingabazisayo, kungakuhle ukuthi uzihlole ukuze uhlume, futhi ukwenze ebusika, ukuze kuthi uma wehluleka, ungathenga imbewu entsha yezinhlobo ozifunayo. Kuma-peas, ukuhluma kubhekwa njengokuhle uma imbewu eyi-9 kwezingu-10 ilungile.
Imbewu ye-pea ivame ukuhluma kalula, kepha ukuhlwanyela ngezimpande kuyimpilo enkulu
Ukuhluma kuhlolwa kulula kakhulu: imbewu eyishumi nambili ifakwa amahora ambalwa emanzini, emva kwalokho idluliselwa kwindwangu emanzi. Faka le ngadi encane kunoma yisiphi isitsha bese usimboza ngesihle ngesembozo. Kabili ngosuku, bayahlola ukubona ukuthi indwangu ihlala imanzi, futhi uma kunesidingo, engeza amanzi.
I-pearl peck ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, futhi ngemuva kwesonto konke sekucacile: uma kuphela ipea elilodwa lingakaze lihlume - kulungile, ezimbili noma ezintathu - ziyabekezeleleka. Uma unemisila engaphansi kwesihlanu, kungcono ukuthenga imbewu entsha. Noma, uma kunesidala kakhulu, ungabatshala nabo, kuphela nge-marway, ukuphindwe kabili njengokujwayelekile.
Ngabe kuyadingeka ukuthoba futhi kumila imbewu
Ukungena futhi kumila imbewu yethanga ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa akunconywa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi peas zobuchopho esimnandi kakhulu futhi esidumile. Siyini isizathu salokhu? Yebo, imifino eminingi ikhula kangcono uma ihlwanyelwa ngembewu ekhulisiwe. Kepha iqiniso ngukuthi peas ihlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kwenhlabathi ebandayo. Uma ihlwanyelwa ngembewu engamilisiwe, bayomane balinde kuze kufike usongo lwamaqabunga amakhulu: ngandlela thile, imbewu iyayizwa. Kepha uma amazinga okushisa enhlabathi ehla ngaphansi kwe-4 mayelanaC, izimpande ezincane zikaphayiwe ohlumile ziyafa, kuthi emva kwalokho imbewu ibole.
I-peas ethosiwe kunengqondo ukutshala kuphela uma izinsuku zokuqala zokutshala zingalahli ithemba, futhi ufuna ukuthola isivuno ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma umlimi enesiqiniseko sokuthi amakhaza ngeke abuye, futhi inhlabathi isifudumeze ngokwanele, ungabeka imbewu epanini bese uthela amanzi ukuze amboze ubhontshisi kuphela. Isikhathi sokwehla singamahora ayi-12, futhi ngalesi sikhathi kuyadingeka ukushintsha amanzi izikhathi ezi-4-5.
I-peas igcwele amanzi futhi ivuvukale, kepha le nqubo izonciphisa isikhathi sokuvela kwezithombo ngobukhulu bezinsuku ezimbili, kuthi-ke uma inhlabathi isimanzi ngokwanele. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso wegama, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuvela kwemisila, akufanele: kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuhlwanyela, kepha lokhu ngeke kunikeze inzuzo enkulu.
Ividiyo: Ukuhlwanyela kuhlume ukhula
Ukwelashwa kwembewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela
Ukuze kwenziwe ukuhluma kwembewu engadini ibe nobungane ngokwengeziwe, zingafudunyezwa kwifomu elomile eduze nebhethri, zibekwe eceleni kwaso kunoma yisiphi isikhwama sendwangu ihora elilodwa nesigamu kuya kwamahora amabili. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungadingeka ukuvikela ukwanda kwezifo uma eke watholakala esizeni, kepha abahlali abajwayelekile basehlobo cishe abakaze bakwenze lokhu.
Emabhizinisini amakhulu ezolimo, peas zelashwa kuqala, ngokwesibonelo, nge-formalin.
Abanye abalimi ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela (hhayi ekuqaleni!) Phatha imbewu ngamalungiselelo ahlukahlukene aqukethe izinto eziphila ngokusebenza. Ngale ndlela, bazama ukugcina izitshalo zisesimweni esinzima sezulu noma kukhulisa umkhiqizo omncane. Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezidume kakhulu kukhona i-Epin and Humate (izidakamizwa ezinomthelela ovuselelayo, we-adaptogenic ne-anti-stress). Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho kulungiswa imbewu, kusetshenziswa umanyolo we micronutrient (amalungiselelo e-zinc, molybdenum, cobalt). Uma wenza lo msebenzi, kufanele ukwenze ngokucophelela lokhu, ngaphandle kokweqa imithamo ebekiwe emiyalweni yamakhemikhali.
Izinsuku zokutshala i-pea
Ukuvuthwa kwesilimo sokuqala kuyehlukahluka ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, kodwa abahlali abajwayelekile behlobo cishe bahlala bahlwanyela izinhlobo ezinoshukela zokuvuthwa kokuqala. Amahlamvu abo okuqala angadatshulwa cishe izinsuku ezingama-45 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Ngakho-ke, ungakwazi ukubala isikhathi sokutshala nokuncika kule datha. Kepha ekusebenzeni, peas ihlwanyelwa ngaphandle kokungabaza, lapho nje inhlabathi ikuvumela ukuba ubeke imigqa bese ungena kuyo ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Esifundeni esiphakathi nezwe lethu, kuya ngesimo sezulu, lokhu kungenziwa maphakathi no-Ephreli noma ngasekupheleni.
Ukuze wandise isivuno, kungakuhle ukuthi uhlwanyele izinhlobo eziningana: ekuqaleni nangaphakathi ekuqaleni. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka: uphizi ohlwanyelwe eduze kwehlobo ukhula futhi ukhula kubi: akasithandi isimo sezulu esishisa kakhulu. Imikhawulo ebekiwe maphakathi noJuni. Zonke izinhlobonhlobo zophizi ziyamelana ngokubandayo ngokumangazayo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, okusanhlamvu okushelela kuhluma emazingeni okushisa enhlabathi ka +1 mayelanaC, nethangi lokucabanga lidinga isimo sezulu esishisayo esishisayo. Kodwa noma yikuphi ukushisa kufanelekile. Ngokukhula kwethanga, izinga lokushisa elilungile lisuka ku-12 liye ku-22 mayelanaC.
Abanye abalimi bazama ukugxila kukhalenda lwenyanga ngezinsuku zokutshala. Yize kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje, inzalo kulesi sihloko ixhasile ngandlela thile, futhi kungenxa yokuthi izincwadi ezihlukile zishicilela izinsuku ezahlukahlukene kakhulu zomsebenzi wengadi efanayo. Uma sihlaziya imithombo ehlukahlukene, kuvela ukuthi ngonyaka we-2018 wokuhlwanyela uphizi, izinsuku ezinhle kakhulu zibizwa ngo-Ephreli 21, 23-28, futhi noMeyi 3-5.
Izinsuku ezifakwayo ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene
I-peas ikhula kahle kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu ngaphandle kokushisa kakhulu. Uma ezifundeni ezimaphakathi neRussia zihlwanyelwa ngo-Ephreli, bese enyakatho - ngoMeyi, nangaseningizimu - kakade ngenyanga yokuqala yentwasahlobo: peas asithandi isimo sezulu esishisayo, futhi ungathola isivuno esigcwele kuphela ngaphambi kokuba ifike. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, eKrrasnodar Territory noma kuma-republic aseNyakatho Caucasus, uphizi ungatshalwa kakade ngezinsuku ezahlukahlukene ngoMashi, ngokuya ngesimo sezulu samanje.
Emadolobhaneni noma eBelarus, lapho isimo sezulu sifana, izimo ezifanelekileyo zokukhulisa lesi sitshalo. Izinsuku zokutshala peas lapha zisekuqaleni kakhulu, ziqala lapho inhlabathi isifudunyezwa ifinyelela ku-5º C, okungukuthi, kungakadluli amaholide kaMeyi Day. Abalimi abaningi bahlwanyela imbewu amahlandla amabili kuya kwamathathu, kuze kube cishe ngoJuni 10. E-Ukraine, isimo sezulu sihlukile: yizwe lesibili ngobukhulu eYurophu. Uma enyakatho ikhalenda lokuhlwanyelwa lifana neSifunda saseMoscow, futhi izinhlwayi ezihlwanyelwe maphakathi noma ukuphela kuka-Ephreli, khona-ke ezifundeni eziseningizimu lokhu sekuvele kwenziwa ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMashi.
Ezimweni ezibanda kakhulu zezulu (iSiberia, i-Urals ne-Urals, isifunda saseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, kubandakanya nesifunda saseLeningrad), akuvamile ukuba ukuhlwanyela uphizi ngaphambi kokuqala kukaMeyi, futhi eminyakeni ethile umhlaba uvuthwa kuphela maphakathi nenyanga.
Inqubo yokutshala uphizi ezitshalweni
Ukuthola isivuno sokuqala kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi izithanga zikhula ngezithombo. Kuliqiniso, indawo enengi idinga ukwabelwa lokhu efulethini, ngalokho bazama ukulungiselela izithombo emagumbini okugcina izithombo noma ezindlini ezishisayo. Ngale njongo, noma yiziphi iziqukathi lapho imbewu ihlwanyelwa khona njalo ku-2-3 cm.Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi akunandaba. Ngokuhlwanyelwa, kungcono ukusebenzisa izinhlobo zokuqala, ngokwesibonelo, ekuqaleni kuka-301 noma ngeViola.
Njengoba asikho isidingo sokwesaba ukubanda ekhaya, uphizi ufakwa ngaphambi kokutshala amahora ayi-10-12, ushintsha amanzi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngokwayo akunzima: angcwatshwa ngokujula kuka-3-4 cm, ngemuva kokuchazwa ngemifino ejwayelekile, futhi wanisela kahle. I-peas ivela ngemuva cishe kwesonto, kanti nokunakekelwa kwezithombo yikhona okuvame kakhulu: ukugcina umhlabathi umswakama nokulandela umkhondo wokukhanya nokushisa kwezinga lokushisa. I-peas kufanele ibe sendaweni enelanga kakhulu ngeqondo lokushisa elingadluli kuma-20 mayelanaC.
Into enzima kunazo zonke ukukhetha izithombo, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukuhlwanyela ngokushesha ezingilazini ezihlukile, kodwa efulethini ngokuqinisekile ngeke babe nakho ukuyibeka khona. Kulokhu, bavame ukudonsa ngesiziba, kepha ukwembula izimpande zezitshalo ezingomakhelwane akulula neze.
Kwesinye isikhathi izithombo zikhula kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-hydroponics. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwakha "umnenke" wephepha lasendlini yangasese, elibekwa kwifilimu yepulasitiki, bese imbewu elungiselelwe ibekwa ephepheni, iniselwa kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuthi usonge iphepha ngefilimu, ulufaka ngokuqondile futhi unkcenkceshele nsuku zonke.
Ngalesi sinketho, umnenki kufanele ukhanyiswe okungenani amahora ayi-18 ngosuku. Ngemuva kwamaviki amabili, izithombo zikhula ngezimpande ezinhle, kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kukhulwe "umdubuli", iziqongo ezinezimpande zihlukaniswe ngokucophelela bese zidluliselwa engadini.
Kakade esigabeni samaqabunga e-cotyledonary ephepheni lasendlini yangasese, uphizi unikeza izimpande ezinamandla
Ukudlulisa izithombo emhlabathini
Izithombo ezisebhokisini elinomhlabathi zikulungele ukutshala emasontweni angama-3-4, ngaphambili kuma-hydroponics. Uyisuse ngokucophelela enkulisa, etshalwe emibhedeni ebilungiselelwe kwangaphambili. Emgqeni ophakathi nalokhu kwenziwa engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi, eningizimu - ukuphela kuka-Ephreli.
Izithombo zitshalwe kuma-grooves ajulile, athelwe kahle ngamanzi. Iphethini yokufakelwa - ama-10-12 cm ngemigqa nama-35-40 cm phakathi kwawo. Uma umsebenzi wenziwa ngesimo sezulu esinamafu, izithombo zikhula kahle.
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala imbewu yamakhasi enhlabathini evulekile, izinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Ukuhlwanyela ngokuqondile imbewu engadini ngesikhathi sokuqala sento kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokutshala uphizi. Njengoba imibhede ihlala isilungele kusuka ekwindla, kuhlelwa imifino ngaphambi kokutshala amabanga ayi-15-30 cm ukusuka kwelinye: ngezinhlobonhlobo ezingaphansi, ngamamitha amabili ubude. Uma umhlaba usuvele wakwazi ukoma, kuyathululwa imifino, bese kuhlwanyelwa nandlulwayo.
Yini umanyolo okufanele usebenzise lapho ukutshala
Imithamo main yomanyolo yangezelelwa embhedeni ngesikhathi sokulima ekwindla, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla. Entwasahlobo, udinga nje ukukhulula umhlabathi ngethala elisindayo, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho ungafafaza umlotha wokhuni embhedeni (cishe ilitha eli-1 nge-1 m2) kanye nepinch ye-urea. Emanye umanyolo ngalesi sikhathi akufanele usetshenziswe ngaphansi kophizi. Uma udaba lwe-organic aluzange lwethulwe ekwindla, khona-ke asikephuzi kakhulu ukubopha umquba omuhle engadini entwasahlobo. I-Peas isabela kahle phambi kobukhona be-molybdenum ne-boron enhlabathini, kepha akuvamile ukusetshenziswa ngendlela yomanyolo othengiwe; ukushoda kwalezi zinto kunxephezelwa ngokufakwa komthamo owengeziwe womlotha wokhuni.
Ukutshala peas njengomanyolo womhlabathi
I-Pea ingenye ye-siderate eyaziwa kakhulu futhi ephezulu. Leli igama lezitshalo ezitshalwe hhayi zokuvunwa, kodwa ukuze uzichebe futhi uzitshale emhlabathini ngemuva kokukhula ngobuningi njengotsholo. Ama-peas amahle ngoba aqongelela izinhlanganisela ze-nitrogen enhlabathini ngendlela etholakala kalula kwezinye izitshalo.
Ngenhloso efanayo, bahlwanyela, isibonelo, ubhontshisi, i-vetch, i-oats, i-lupins, njll. Lokhu kuyizitshalo ezinhlamvu zazo eziluhlaza zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, bese zicebisa inhlabathi ngezakhi ezibalulekile.
Lapho kuhlwanyelwa peas kumanyolo, imbewu ihlwanyelwa kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, emva kwalokho iniselwa ngendlela ehlelekile, futhi ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume iziqongo, ziyathekiswa bese kuthi yonke inqwaba eluhlaza ibunjiwe nomhlabathi. I-peas ikwazi ukudlula kulo mjikelezo ngaphambi kokudlulisa izithombo zezitshalo ezishisayo ezifana nopelepele noma utamatisi.
Izindlela zokutshala peas: imbewu eyomile noma emanzi
Njengoba sekushiwo, kuyingozi ukuhlwanyela i-peas enamanzi, futhi nembewu emile kakhulu ekuqaleni kwesikhashana: uma kuba nesigaxa esibandayo, singanyamalala. Imbewu elungiselelwe ingahlwanyelwa ngaphambi kukaMeyi, ngo-Ephreli kungcono ukusebenzisa ezomile. Uma izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa zihlwanyelwa ezindleleni, zivame ukuhlangana kulayini owodwa, khona-ke izinhlayiya ezihloselwe ukusetshenziswa sekwedlule isikhathi ziyazama ukutshala embhedeni omkhulu noma ongaphansi: njengomthetho, ukuvuna okuphakathi kwamaphakathi, futhi izinhlobo zakamuva zikhula ngohlobo lwamabhishi amade kakhulu angakwazi ukutshalwa ngaphandle kokuxhaswa.
Ngokusekelwe ekuphakameni okulinganiselwe kwezitshalo zesikhathi esizayo, kanye nemifuno yokutshala ichaziwe, kunikezwe ithuba lokwakha izisekela zamaphayi amade amile. Amaphuli awadingi ukuboshwa; yena uqobo ubamba izithiyo ahlangabezana nazo endleleni yokukhula kwakhe. Futhi kungcono ukuzakhela kusengaphambili, ukuze kuthi lapho sekuqubuke i-antennae yokuqala, ibambelele kokuthile.
Kumabhushi aphansi, lokhu kungabekwa ngezikhonkwane eziyimitha, kepha ngezinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo sekwehla iziqu zikhula zifinyelele kumamitha ayisigamu nengxenye nangaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, kuleli cala, kudingeka izingqinamba noma izinduku zokuphakama okuqondile noma imisebe emile mpo.
Ukujula kokuhlwanyelwa kuncike ekujuleni kwenhlabathi futhi kungaba kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-10 cm: ekujuleni kwenhlabathi enesihlabathi, kuncane kunenhlabathi yobumba. Imbewu ibekwa kude nge-5-8 cm ukusuka komunye futhi itshalwe emhlabathini, inyathela kancane. Uma kuqala intwasahlobo, asikho isidingo sokuyinisela. Uma inhlabathi isivele yomile, nisela amanzi umbhede kufanele ube maningi, bese ulanda nge-humus noma okungenani umhlabathi owomile.
Amandiya ayihlwanyelwanga kakhulu, kepha kuyadingeka ukuthi izinyoni zingazinamatheli
Ngakho-ke, amaphethini wokutshala wethanga angahluka kusuka ku-5 x 15 cm ngezinhlobo ezisetshenzisiwe kakhulu kuya ku-10 x 30 cm ubude.
Ukunakekelwa kwethanga ihlobo kuqukethe ukunisela nokuvuna: ukukhulula kanye ukhula ngokushesha kube nzima, futhi ngokugqoka kahle izigqila ngamanyolo, ungakwenza ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo. Ukhula lungasikwa, kepha lungadonswa, ngoba luvame ukuthonyelwa kakhulu ngamakhonkco o-peas.
Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo eziphambili lapho ukutshala uphizi kashukela zimi ngale ndlela elandelayo.
- Ekwindla sigaya uzungu, sethula umanyolo wamaminerali ne-organic, kepha hhayi umquba omusha.
Ukumba umbhede womquba ekwindla mhlawumbe kungumsebenzi onzima kakhulu womzimba
- Entwasahlobo yokuqala silungiselela imbewu: sibheka ukuhluma, sikhulise, kepha ukutshala kuqala asifaki.
Cwilisa uphizi kuphela uma ungahlwanyeli kakhulu ekuqaleni
- Entwasahlobo, silinganisa umbhede engadini nge-rake, mhlawumbe ngemuva kokungeza umlotha wezinkuni.
I-Ash - Umanyolo ozungeza imvelo - ungafakwa enhlabathini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi
- Njengoba sesishiyile imifino ebangeni eliyi-15 kuya kuma-30 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, sisabalalisa imbewu yamakhasi kuzo, sigcina ibanga eli-5 kuya ku-10 cm phakathi kwabo.
Hlwanyela peas, ngokuya ngekhwalithi yembewu: uma ukuhluma kwakungeyona impela, khona-ke kukhulu
- Sigcwalisa imbewu ngenhlabathi. Uma womile, amanzi ne-mulch nge-humus noma ngomile womhlaba ungqimba olufika ku-1 cm.
Ukunisela kuphela uma umhlaba usuvele womile
Ividiyo: kuhlwanyelwa uphizi ngembewu eyomile
Ukutshala peas ku greenhouse
Ukuze ukhule izilimo ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi izithanga zitshalwa endaweni eluhlaza. Yize kunjalo, umnikazi oshisekayo angancamela ukusebenzisa indawo eyigugu ukulima izilimo ezithanda ukushisa kakhulu. Ezingadini ezingashisiwanga, kufaka phakathi i-polycarbonate, ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa ngoMashi. Emagumbini okugcina izithombo batshala izinhlobo zobuchopho ezinoshukela kuphela, ofuna ukuzidlisa ama-pods ngokushesha okukhulu.
Vele, ku-greenhouse kuyisihawu sendawo yamapheya, kepha abathandi bethukuthele nakanjani bazotshala izihlahla eziningana
Ukutshala i-greenhouse pea akufani nokujwayelekile, ngaphandle kokuthi uma kuqala ukushisa abamba ukushisa kuyodingeka ukuthi kubhengezwe njalo: uphizi awuthandi ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yomswakama owandayo, peas ku greenhouse zivame ukutheleleka nge-powdery hlobo. Batshala peas ngendlela efanayo njengoba bekwenza enhlabathini engavikelekile, kepha bangethembeli ezimvwini futhi esikhathini esiningi bamanzi. Ukuxosha izinambuzane, lwesinaphi sihlwanyelwa eduze noma izithombo ze-basil ezitshalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ziyatshalwa.
Ukuhambisana kwe-pea nezinye izitshalo
I-Peas ithuthukisa inhlabathi ngamakhompiyutha e-nitrogen, ngokungangabazeki iwusizo komakhelwane bayo abahlukahlukene emibhedeni. Uthathwa njengengane enhle yamasiko amaningi. Abalimi abaningi batshala ubhontshisi ngisho naphakathi kwezinye izitshalo emakhophi amaningi, hhayi wokuvuna, kodwa ukuze bawasize. Kepha ingabe bonke omakhelwane bayawabonga amakhasi ngalokhu? Cishe konke, kuyinto engathandeki ukutshala kuphela eceleni kwe-anyanisi noma i-garlic, kanye ne-kin elandelayo - ubhontshisi nobhontshisi wemifino.
Omakhelwane abahle kakhulu bhontshisi izaqathi namakhukhamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele uzame ukutshala amakhambi noma utamatisi oseduze, onephunga lawo uxosha izinambuzane eziningi eziyingozi. U-mustard ukhipha inundu lepea. Kwesinye isikhathi peas ihlwanyelwa eduze kommbila, okuvela ngeziqu zazo eziphakeme njengezisekeli ezinamandla. I-Peas ihlala kahle emphakathini weklabishi, amazambane, noma yiziphi izitshalo eziluhlaza (iparsley, amasaladi, dill).
I-pea isitshalo esingavimbeli ukubanda kakhulu, sihlwanyelwa esinye sokuqala. Ukwehluleka kokuthola isivuno sayo cishe akukaze kube phakathi kwabalimi abaqala, kodwa kufanele kutshalwe ngokufanele nangesikhathi. Ukutshala kusenesikhathi akunakwenzeka: umhlali wasehlobo awukhululi inhlabathi, futhi uma etshalwe sekwephuze kakhulu, ukhula kanzima futhi unikeze isivuno sakamuva nesincane.
