Ingabe umalibhele luyakhula eSiberia? Izinhlobo ze-kamalibhele ezinobusika obuqina bokukhula kwezimo sezulu kubanda

Umuthi kamalibhele, noma umuthi kamalibhele (i-kamalibhele), ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia zingabhekwa njengesitshalo esingaphandle komhlaba, esitholakala kuphela ezimeni zezulu ezihluke kakhulu kwezethu. Kodwa-ke, indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwayo iqhubekela phambili enyakatho, futhi namuhla abalimi abaningi bayikhulisa ngempumelelo le sihlahla esiseningizimu, ngisho naseSiberia.

Izinhlobo ezimbili kamalibhele: ezimhlophe nezimnyama

Ezinhlobonhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili kamalibhele, izinhlobo ezimbili zaziwa kabanzi futhi zibanzi:

• Umbhele umhlophe. Ekhaya, ezimeni zase China naseNdiya, isihlahla esikhulu (esingamamitha ayi-10,5 ukuphakama) ubude besikhathi esifika eminyakeni engama-300. Kubhekwa njengezithelo kanye nokondla izitshalo zezimboni. Iqabunga lifinyelela kusayizi omkhulu kufika ku-25-30 cm ubude. Isetshenziswa njengokuphakelwa kwe-silkworm, umenzi wezinto zokusetshenziswa kwesilika. Yaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo.
• Umbhele umnyama. Ishidi linobude obungu-6-17 cm. Kubhekwa njengesihlahla sezithelo. Inika amaqoqo ezithelo ezincane ezimnyama ngokunambitheka okubukhali, kodwa okumnandi. Amajikijolo ngokubukeka afana namajikijolo.

Umehluko omkhulu wangaphandle phakathi kwama-mulberry amhlophe namnyama ngombala wezithelo. Ibizwa ngokuthi mhlophe cishe ngokwezwi nezwi ngenxa yombala okhanya kakhulu wamagxolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amajikijolo avuthiwe kamalibhele omhlophe angaba ngemibala ehlukene: omhlophe, opinki futhi omnyama.

Ngisho namagatsha angapheli we-kamalibhele elimhlophe anombala okhanyayo.

Kumnyama, ngokulandelana, izithelo ezivuthiwe zihlala zimnyama kanye neqhude elimnyama.

Amabhele ahlukahlukene iBlack Baroness inokumelana okuhle nesithwathwa

Ngabe umalibhele ukhula ezimweni ezibandayo

Izindawo zomdabu zokusatshalaliswa kamalibhele ezweni lethu zingabhekwa njengezifunda eziseningizimu:

• ITranscaucasia
• I-North Caucasus
• ECrimea
• eningizimu yengxenye yaseYurophu yeRussia.

Kepha namhlanje indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwayo ayithuthukile hhayi eSiberia kuphela, kepha futhi iya ngaphesheya - emazweni aseYurophu. Ezindalini ezisenyakatho, ama-mulberry ezinhlobonhlobo ezifanayo ngeke akhule abe ngamakhulu amakhulu aseningizimu. Ukuvunwa kwezithelo zasenyakatho akukuningi, kanti amajikijolo ngokwawo mancane futhi amuncu.

Imilibhele ikhula enhlabathini ehlukene, kepha ikhetha isivuno, iqonde, inamandla amakhulu okubamba amanzi kanye ne-acidity pH 5.5-7.0. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesihlahla kuhamba kancane, kuqala ukuthela izithelo kuphela iminyaka eyi-8-10, naseSiberia - iminyaka eyi-10-12. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukutshala isivele yakhekile izithombo ezineminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu.

Lapho usebenza ngezithombo zika-kamalibhele, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi inezimpande ezi-brittle ezidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela. Ngesizathu esifanayo, awukwazi ukugaya inhlabathi ngaphansi kwalezi zihlahla.

Ku-kamalibhele, hhayi izimpande kuphela, kodwa futhi namagatsha ahlukaniswa ngokuqina kokuqina. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwamagatsha amade esihlahla somuntu omdala, enwebeka kude kakhulu nomqhele, kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukubeka izilinganiso.

Ubuchwepheshe bonke bokutshala buyafana nokutshala kwanoma yiziphi izihlahla:

1. Ukumba umgodi kubanzi okuningana futhi kujule kunohlelo lwezimpande.
2. Isithombo siwele emgodini, simbozwe ngumhlaba futhi siqhuqha.
3. Inhlabathi ichitheka kakhulu ukuze kube manzi nokugcwala.
4. Isigaxa sibanjiswa phakathi kwezimpande zezithombo, lapho isitshalo esitshaliwe siboshwe khona.
5. Ungqimba lwesilokazana selisakazeke phezulu.

Izinhlobo zokukhula eSiberia

Ukuze kutshalwe ezindaweni ezibandayo, kufaka phakathi iSiberia, kunconywa izinhlobo eziningi zemalberry Zonke zazo zezinhlobo ezifanayo - kamalibhele elimhlophe. Ziyahlukahluka ngamahlamvu wesimilo - iqabunga elivela ngezansi libushelelezi, kwesinye isikhathi kuba nokukhula okuncane, ukwakheka kweqabunga akulungile, kumise inhliziyo.

Ithebula: Izinhlobo ze-Kamalibhele ezilungele ukukhula ezikhathini sezulu ezibandayo

Kunoma yikuphi, lapho uthenga isithombo enkulisa, ochwepheshe bazokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziguqulwa ngokuqondile kwisimo sezulu sakho. Futhi ungabuza nabanikazi bama-mulberry ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezisindayo futhi ezikhula ngempumelelo esifundeni sakho.

Ividiyo: Ama-mulberry akhula eSiberia

Izici zokukhula kamalibhele ezifundeni ezibandayo

Kunamasu alula okudingeka uwasebenzise lapho ukhula ama-mulberry esimweni sezulu esibandayo.

Ukukhetha kwesihlalo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi emigwaqweni ngisho nasebusika kunezindawo lapho izihlahla zifudumala khona. Lezi yizithambeka eziseningizimu ezivulekele ilanga, futhi kudingeka zikhethwe ukuze zitshale izitshalo ezithanda ukushisa. Ngenxa yesikhundla sabo sokuthambekela, izindawo ezinjalo zihlala zithola ukushisa nokukhanya okuningi. Ngisho ngo-December, lapho imisebe yelanga eliphansi igcwele ebusweni bomhlaba futhi ingafudumele kahle, umthambeka osendaweni ephakeme yokuthambekela ubamba ukushisa njengasehlobo nelanga eliphakeme. Kuyiqiniso, iqhwa elimhlophe libonisa imisebe, kodwa ekwindla umhlaba uyobanda lapho kamuva, futhi entwasahlobo uzoncibilika futhi ufudumale ngaphambili.

Ngisho kufudumele ezitshalweni eziseningizimu yezakhiwo, ikakhulukazi ezinkulu futhi ezifudumele. Izakhiwo ezimi ngemuva kwezihlahla ngasenyakatho azilokothi zithambe, kepha zimboze kuphela kusuka kumoya obandayo wasenyakatho. Kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ukutshala kamalibhele endaweni ephansi.

I-Mulch

Lapho ulungiselela ama-mulberry ukuze ubusika noma ngesikhathi sokutshala sekwindla, udinga ukugcwalisa inhlabathi ngesendlalelo se-mulch esimanzi. Kungcono uma kulondolozwa ukushisa. Izinketho ezinjalo ziyafaneleka:

• izinaliti ezomile ezihlanganiswa ne-humus,
• sawdust obolile,
• i-humus evulekile,
• Peat.

I-mulch ithululelwa ezingxenyeni ezingamasentimitha ayi-15-25. Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kuzosiza ekuvikeleni uhlelo lwezimpande ekuqandeni ekuqandeni. I-sawdust entsha nayo iyasetshenziswa. Kepha banamandla okuthatha i-nitrogen enhlabathini lapho kubola. Futhi ekugcineni ekugcineni ukubola, babuyisela i-nitrogen emhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthulula i-sawdust entsha:

• Umanyolo we-nitrogen
• urea
• ammonium nitrate.

Kususelwa okungenani 40-60 g nge-1 sq. Km. m

Ama-nuances we-Trim

Ezimweni sezulu ezibandayo, kungakuhle ukuthi wenze izihlahla, uzenzele ifomu eliphansi lesimo sesihlahla. Ngaphansi kamalibhele, ingxenye enkulu yayo izimbozwa yiqhwa. Futhi kuba lula, uma kunesidingo, ukusimboza kusuka phezulu ngendwangu yokumboza. Umuthi onomkhawulo ukuphakama uboleka kalula, ngoba ngaphandle kokuthena, umalibhele ukhula ubanzi kakhulu kunobubanzi.

Ezimweni sezulu ezibandayo, ama-mulberry ayabiliswa

Umbhele weminyaka emibili esiqhingini esifudumele saseBrittany, esidlulisa umqhele waso kumamitha-skwele angama-600, uthathwa njengomgcini wamarekhodi wale ndawo. m

Konke okunye kwenziwa ngokuthuthwa kokuhlanzeka nokunwebeka ngokwemithetho ejwayelekile kuwo wonke amasiko nezifunda. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi emva kokuthena kwentwasahlobo kokuqala, izinga lokushisa akufanele lihle ngaphansi kuka-10 ^mayelanaC, ngoba lapho-ke kuzoba nengozi yokuqandeka ukusikeka okusha nokufa kwamagatsha.

Ishelter

Ukufika emuva kakhulu ngekhulu le-18, ngemuva kokuba iRussia ifunde imfihlo yokukhiqizwa kwesilika, kwenziwa imizamo yokuhlakulela isiko lemilalabala elimhlophe esimweni sezulu sezwekazi lethu. Isipiliyoni sikhombisile ukuthi ama-groves angakhula futhi akhule ngokujwayelekile iminyaka eminingana. Kepha lapho kwenzeka iqhwa ngokweqile, futhi lokhu akuyona into engafani nathi, i-kamalibhele iqhume ngqo ngokwezinga leqhwa. Konke okwakungaphansi kweqhwa kwasinda. Kuyacaca ukuthi ukufaka ama-groove amakhulu kuyinkinga enkulu. Kepha umuthi owodwa noma amaningana engadini yakho angambozwa ngeqhwa kusuka ngezansi, futhi uma kuneqhwa elinamandla, amboze ngezinto zokumboza zanamuhla, noma esetshenzisiwe.

Ama-Shelter adinga amahlumela amasha. Isipiliyoni sikhombisile ukuthi amagatsha anesihlahla somuthi omdala awahambi noma yiqhwa elinzima.

Izinto zokutshala zasendaweni

Umuthi osukhule iminyaka eminingana esimweni sezulu esibandayo usuvele unezinguquko kuhlobo lwawo lohlobo lokulwa nokubanda okuphezulu kakhulu. Vele, kunconyelwa ukutshala umanyuziyamu ngezithombo zabantu abadala ukuze uzuze maduze. Kepha uma isilimo silethwa sisuka esimweni sezulu esisesifundeni esiphansi, awusoze walinda ukuba izithelo. Ngakho-ke, ukusabalalisa umalibhele ezimweni zezulu ezibandayo, umuntu kufanele azame ukusebenzisa izinto zokutshala zasendaweni, ezidalwa ukusikwa kusuka kumalulosi asindayo endawo futhi akhula ngempumelelo. Ngeke yabizwa ngokuthi icandwe, kusuka endaweni yokubukwa yesayensi, kepha isivele isisitshalo esivunyelwe kakhulu.

Ungalungiselela futhi utshale izithombo:

1. Ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, ukukhula konyaka ngonyaka kunqunywa ngaphezulu kwezinso ezikhethiwe ezikhethiwe kanye no-15 cm ngaphansi.
2. Izilayi zifakwa kwi-heteroauxin noma isisombululo sanoma yikuphi ukulungiswa kwezimpande. Iboshwe ngezixha zezingcezu eziyi-10-15, ibekwe ngokuqondile esitsheni futhi imbozwe ngesihlabathi cishe lonke ubude.
   

   IHeteroauxin usawoti we-potassium osetshenziselwa ukwelapha ama-bulbs nezimpande zezithombo nezithombo zezithombo
3. Ebusika, gcina emazingeni okushisa ka-3 ^mayelanaC kuya ku-7 ^mayelanaC.
4. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba iziqalo ziqale ukudamba, kukhona imifantu eyenziwe enhlabathini ngokujula kwamasentimitha ayi-15-17. Faka izingqimba zomsele obude obuyi-25-35 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye futhi umboze umhlaba cishe ngokuphelele, kusale kuphela umcamelo ongu-2-3 cm ubude ebusweni.
5. Ngo-ekwindla, ukusika okunikeze izimpande kudluliselwa njengokwesithombo esigcwele esigcwele endaweni ephelele.
6. Ngobusika balala neqhwa.

Amajikijolo ezimweni ezibandayo asakazwa kakhulu yizithombo.

Futhi, umalibhele wasendaweni ungatshalaliswa ngama-izimpande amahlumela, imigomo, imbewu kanye nokugawulwa.

Njengoba sibona, umbuzo othi "ingabe umalibhele ukhula eSiberia", ukwahlulela imininingwane eminingi kunethiwekhi, singaphendula - iyakhula, kepha ngokubhuka okubili:

1. Alikhuli kulo lonke elaseSiberia.
2. Iyakhula, kepha hhayi njengakuleliya lizwe ngesimo sezulu salo.

Ezifundeni ezibandayo, kukhula amabhulashi amhlophe ngokuzethemba akhula eBashkiria, eKazan nase-Orenburg, e-Altai, ePrimorye, naseningizimu ye-Khabarovsk Territory. Lapha, umalibhele lingathela nezithelo, okuhlala kungenjalo ezimweni zezulu ezingafanele. Kodwa noma kulezi zifundazwe, ngenxa yamaqhwa anamandla, ama-mulberry ajwayele ukufriza amahlumela wonyaka angamboziwe kanye namagatsha angapheli.

Futhi, isipiliyoni esiqoqiwe sabalimi basenyakatho sikhombisile ukuthi umalibhele uyakwazi ukwamukelela amakhaza bese uvumelana nendlela entsha yokuhlala kangcono kunamanye amasiko aseningizimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho amahlumela aqandisiwe awaholeli ekufeni kwesitshalo futhi asithinti kakhulu isimo esivamile. Ehlobo lokuqala, esikhundleni amahlumela alahlekelwe ngenxa yesithwathwa, amasha akhula ngokushesha. Noma, kunjalo, lokhu kubambezela ukukhula okujwayelekile okujwayelekile, kodwa hhayi okubucayi.

Izinambuzane

Bonke ubunzima ngama-mulberry akhula esimweni esibandayo asetshenziswa yiqiniso elilodwa elimangalisayo - cishe alikho izinambuzane nezifo. Akudingi ukucutshungulwa. Kwesinye isikhathi amagundane agaya amagxolo angalimaza isihlahla - ama-mulberry aqukethe iqabunga neqhubu elinothile ngamaprotheni, futhi ukunambitheka kwamagundane. Ukuvikelwa kuyafana nazo zonke izithelo, ngokwesibonelo, maqondana nama-hares - isiboko esisekelweni sigoqiwe ngezinto ezisikiwe futhi siboshwe ngocingo.

Ukuvikela ngokumelene namagundane, iziqu ze-kamalibhele zigoqeka ngezinto ezigoqwayo

Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni ziyavuthwa ekuvuneni okuvuthiwe kwamajikijolo, kanye nakuma-cherries nakwezinye izilimo ze-berry.

Izinyoni zingalimaza izilimo zemilalberry

Kungahle kube nokulimala okuvela ekushisweni yilanga, lapho iziqu zazo zenziwe mhlophe ngesisombululo se-lime ekwindla. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenziwa ngesizathu esithile entwasahlobo sekwephuzile, kepha noma yisiphi isihlahla singasha kusukela elangeni lokuqala kuphela ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza, ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, ngakho-ke kulungile ukukucwilisa ekwindla.

Ukunakekelwa

Phezu kwalezi zinyathelo ezingenhla zokulwa neqhwa, umalibhele ungadinga ukuthambisa ngesikhathi sesomiso esingajwayelekile, bese kuphela esikhathini esingakashayi phakathi kuka-Agasti. Kusukela kulo mzuzu, umuthi uqala ukulungiselela ubusika, futhi akadingi umswakama owedlulele nhlobo.

Kunezincomo zokuphakela umanyuziyamu ngomanyolo wamaminerali nowokuphilayo ukuze ukhuthaze ukukhula. Kepha izitshalo ezihlala isikhathi eside azithandi ukushesha. Zikhula kancane ngekhulu leminyaka nangaphezulu futhi cishe azidingi kushiya.

Ukubuyekezwa Kokukhulisa Kamalibhele

Imabhele ikhula kahle futhi ithela izithelo ezimweni zasemadolobheni, ngisho namabhizinisi asezimboni, ayihlushwa umoya owomile, futhi ibekezelela ukugunda izinwele. Yisebenzise emalaywayways, emaqenjini nasezindlini ezizodwa, ekubukweni kwemigwaqo yedolobha, ukudala izindledlana ezinhle eziminyene. Abafuyi basebenza ezinhlotsheni ezintsha ze-tuta. G. I. Babaeva kanye no-N. A. Alekseichenko baveza izinhlobo ezi-7 ezikhiqiza amandla aphezulu, ebusika, eziqinile, ezimelana nezifo futhi bakhetha izinhlobo zezithelo eziyi-14 nezinhlobo zemibala ehlukile, kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kophinki, kusuka ku-pink kuye obomvu onsomi. . Umbhele kulobusika obusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu lango-2010 bekubanda kakhulu, ngokuya ngeqhwa. Kepha ubusika obunjalo benzeka kanye eminyakeni eyikhulu, ngakho-ke angizukubekezelela inhliziyo. Ngicabanga ukuthi eminyakeni emibili izokhula iqale ukuthela izithelo. Kwanele iminyaka eyikhulu.

G. Kazanin

Kusuka esihlokweni kumagazini "Ukuphathwa Kwamakhaya"

Futhi kamalibhele wethu kufanele athele izithelo! Ngivele ngagudluza imininingwane engaka - ngisho nangasenyakatho nesifunda saseMoscow ithela izithelo. Ukumelana neqhwa kutholakala ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Vele, isivuno siphansi kunaseningizimu, futhi amajikijolo mancane - kodwa noma kunjalo kufanele asebenze! Ngakho-ke kufanele utshale. Into eyodwa imbi - akukaziwa ukuthi luhlobo luphi lwezithombo. Uma zikhule kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, zingase zingabinanzalo.

Katya

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Ngokuqondene no-kamalibhele opinki (ophuziwe-izithelo), ngingasho nje ukuthi ngikuhle. Izithelo ezimnandi (ngamahlobo ashisayo afana noju), zingaba ngu-2-2,5 cm ngosayizi. Ngokwemvelo, ngokungafani ne-aronia, ayizishisi izandla lapho idla amajikijolo. Ngemuva kwesithwathwa kulo nyaka, bengicabanga ukuthi ngizosala ngaphandle kwamajikijolo, kodwa cha. Ekuvakasheleni izolo indawo, ngithole ukuthi ngamaqabunga asanda kuqhakaza, amajikijolo nawo abekhona.

onenkohliso

//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?f=38&t=537&sid=b9367287b8e753b14c42b76cc11acb74&start=360

Kamalibhele elimhlophe elinamajikijolo amnyama likhula eSamara. Ebusika bango-2009 kuya ku -00, ibekezelele iqhwa le--40 ° C. Kumakhaza angenhla -35 ° C, imikhawulo yamahlumela waminyaka yonke ibanda, okuyinto, ngokuvamile, ayesabisi. Ngisho nangemva kuka-40 oC, yangiveza izithelo kimi. Kusakazwa yizicucu zombili zobusika ezihlotshiswe futhi ziluhlaza ehlobo. Ukuzala kabusha ngembewu akucebisi. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngokuzala imbewu isitshalo sowesifazane esimsulwa, isitshalo sowesilisa (usilika) kuphela esingatholakala futhi ngasikhathi sinye kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane (yilokhu ukusikwa okufanele kuthathwe).

Dolphin ozwelayo

//otvet.mail.ru/question/89044596

Ngokuvamile, umalibhele yisitshalo esiqinile, esihlala njalo esingadingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ubunzima bokuyikhulisa eSiberia buqandeka ebusika nesikhathi esifudumele esifushane ehlobo. Njengoba ubona, zingancishiswa kakhulu uma kubhekwa izimo ezithile zokutshala nokukhulisa isihlahla.