Ama-gooseberry ezivandeni zamaRussia - esinye sezihlahla ezithandwayo kakhulu senjwayelo, ngoba izithelo zaso azigcini nje ukunambitha, kodwa futhi zilusizo kakhulu. Kepha isihlahla esisodwa, noma singaba nezithelo ezingakanani, asikwazi ukunikeza wonke umndeni amajikijolo. Ukuthola amanye ambalwa, akudingekile ukuya e-nursery. Kunezindlela eziningana zokukhiqiza kabusha ama-gooseberries, ngisho nomlimi oseqalayo angenza zonke izinqubo ezidingekayo.
Isikhathi esihle sokuzala ama-gooseberries
Ngokuzalela ama-gooseberries, konke kwentwasahlobo nokwindla kufanelekile. Kuya ikakhulukazi ngendlela ekhethiwe.
Ngifuna ukugcina izihlahla ezihamba phambili ze-gooseberry, kodwa ngisho nokuthena okudala ukuguga akukwazi ukunweba isikhathi esikhiqizayo ukuze singafiki, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka usebenzise enye yezindlela zokusakazeka kwesitshalo
Izendlalelo ezivela esihlahleni zithathwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Inqubo ingahlanganiswa nokuthena okulandelayo. Kubalulekile ukuba ube sesikhathini ngaphambi kokuba isitshalo siqale isikhathi sezitshalo ezisebenzayo. Uma amaqabunga amaqabunga ephenduka abe "izigaxa" eziluhlaza noma okuvuleke ngokwengeziwe - sekwephuze kakhulu. Kufanele zigcwale kancane. Ziphinde zitshalwe kusenesikhathi. Kuyadingeka ukulinda kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi inyibilika ngokuphelele ekujuleni kwama-8-10 cm, lokhu kwanele. Ezifundeni ezifudumele, lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka maphakathi no-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Kukhona nezimpawu zabantu ezithembekile, ezingaholwa kalula - ukuqhakaza amaqabunga emabunzini noma kuma-dandelion aqale ukuqhakaza.
Ama-cuttings aluhlaza atshalwe emhlabathini kuyo yonke iJuni, ancibilikisa - maphakathi no-Okthoba. Esimweni sokuqala, asikho isidingo sokuthola izinto zokutshala ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ungazisika ngosuku olufanayo noma ngosuku noma ezimbili ngaphambi kokwehla okuhlosiwe.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla kungenziwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Into esemqoka ukuthi izingxenye zayo zinesikhathi sokuhlala endaweni entsha. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esisekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba sizifanele impela izifunda ezifudumele zaseningizimu. Lapho, ubusika buvame ukuza ngokuhambisana nekhalenda, ngakho ungaqiniseka ngokwengeziwe ukuthi okungenani izinyanga ezimbili zisale ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala. Ukwehlukanisa isihlahla ekwindla, ngokuqinisekile kufanele ulinde "ukuwa kwamaqabunga". Isitshalo esifihliwe ngeke sivumele inqubo ebuhlungu kanjalo.
Entwasahlobo, ama-gooseberry bush ahlukaniswe ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Ehlobo, bayakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha zokuphila futhi balungiselele ubusika kahle. Kulokhu, udinga ukubamba ukuvuvukala kwezinso. Hhayi ihlathi “elivulekile” lihlangana nenqubo kancane kabuhlungu.
Izincomo ezijwayelekile
Ukukhethwa kwendlela ethize yokusakazwa kwama-gooseberries kuncike ezintweni eziningi - ubudala besihlahla lapho izinto zokutshala zithathwa khona, ukuba khona kokuhluma komfana omncane noma oneminyaka emibili kuso, inombolo efiselekayo yezithombo ezizayo. Kunoma yikuphi, isitshalo esinikelayo kufanele siphile ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwesibonakaliso esincane sokulimala kwesikhunta se-pathogenic, amagciwane, amagciwane kanye nezinambuzane eziyingozi.
Kungcono ukuthi uqale ulungiselele ukuzalanisa ehlobo eledlule. Isihlahla esikhethiwe kufanele sinakekelwe ngokucophelela. Izinqubo ezidingeka kakhulu kuye ziwukuthena okunenhlanzeko nokwakhayo, ukuchelela njalo, ukusetshenziswa okufika ngesikhathi komanyolo ezidingekayo, ukuvimbela izinambuzane nokukhula kwezifo.
Kungakhathaleki ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokuzalela ekhethiwe, isihlahla se-gooseberry okutholwe kuso izinto zokutshala kumele siphile ngokuphelele
Nendawo yokutshala izithombo zesikhathi esizayo, kuzodingeka futhi uthathe isinqumo kusengaphambili. Njengezinye izilimo eziningi zasengadini, ama-gooseberries athande ukufudumala nokukhanya kwelanga. Ukungabikho kwabo kuthinta kabi isivuno nokunambitheka kwamajikijolo. Ngokufanelekile ngama-gooseberries igquma elivulekile (ukusuka lapho ebusika cishe konke kuqhuma iqhwa, ukuvikela izimpande kungabi yiqhwa), nethafa eliphansi (entwasahlobo meltwater akushiyi isikhathi eside, futhi sonke isikhathi - amanye amakhaza ashubisa umnkantsha womoya). Inketho enhle yindawo evulekile eyisicaba, ebangeni elithile lapho kukhona uthango, isakhiwo, isakhiwo, nezinye izithiyo ezivikela kusukela enyakatho emimoyeni ebandayo. Isiko lihlobene kabi nomswakama wenhlabathi okhuphukile.
Ngokutshala ama-gooseberries, khetha indawo evulekile lapho izihlahla zizothola khona ukushisa okwanele nokukhanya kwelanga
Amapayipi okutshala izithombo alungiswa cishe izinsuku eziyi-15-18 ngaphambi kwenqubo ehlongozwayo. Ubukhulu obulungile bungamasentimitha angama-45-50 futhi ububanzi bube ngama-50-60 cm. Lapho ukutshala izihlahla eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, ibanga phakathi kwazo linqunywa ngokuya ngokuthi izitshalo zihlangana kangakanani, noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zinamandla, zinamandla. Ngokwesilinganiso, 70-80 cm phakathi kwezihlahla no-150-180 cm phakathi kwezintambo kwanele. Kungcono ukubatshala ngephethini yokuhlola ukuze bangafihli omunye nomunye.
Umgodi wokufika wezithombo ezitholwayo zikajamuel ulungiswa kusengaphambili, empeleni ufaka inhlabathi
Ingaphezulu le-15-20 cm yomhlaba ekhishwe emgodini (iyona evundile kunazo zonke) ihlanganiswa nomanyolo. I-Hood eyi-15 l ye-humus noma umquba ojikeleziwe, kanye ne-100-120 g ye-superphosphate elula ne-80-100 g ye-potassium sulfate. Lesi sakamuva singathathelwa indawo ngumlotha wezinkuni ohlafunwayo - cishe ilitha nengxenye.
Ividiyo: amathiphu ajwayelekile namasu
Izindlela zokukhiqiza kanye nemiyalo yezinyathelo nezinyathelo ngezithombe
Azikho izindlela zokuzala kabusha ama-gooseberries noma yini eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngisho nangokuthi umlimi we-novice. Noma kunjalo, ngamunye wabo unama-nuances awo, odinga ukuwajwayela ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Izimbumbulu
Ama-Gooseberry cuttings angaba luhlaza noma ancishiswe. Okwakuqala, njengoba kubonisa, kuthatha izimpande ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngezinhlobonhlobo ezingekho kuma-itypical for the "moodiness" yesiko (Polonaise, Consul, Co-Operator). Kepha izithombo ezitholwe kusuka kuzinhlamvu ezisikiwe zingadluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo ekwindla, futhi lezo eziqhamuka eziluhlaza zingase zidinge "ukukhula" ehlobo elizayo.
Isikhathi sokuvuna se-gooseberry cuttings sincike ohlotsheni lwawo - luhlaza okotshani noma olunyisiwe
Isikhathi esihle sokuvuna izinto zokutshala kusekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa kusihlwa ngoJuni noma ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Ubude obulungile bezimpawu zokusika okuluhlaza kungama-8-14 cm, kudingeka ukukhula kwe-6-8 ukukhula. Ingaphezulu le-shoot noma i-sprig enqunywe ngokuphelele isuswe ngokuphelele. Isihlahla esithi “onikelayo” akufanele sibe mdala kuneminyaka engama-4-5. Ukusikwa okuphansi kwenziwa nge-engela encane, okungenhla kuqondile, i-7-10 mm ngaphezu kwezinso lokugcina.
Ukusikwa kwe-gooseberry eluhlaza kusikwa ekuseni noma ngemuva kokushona kwelanga - ngalesi sikhathi ukuqoqwa okuphezulu kwezakhi zomswakama kanye nomswakama kuphawulwe kwizicubu
Izithombo ezisikiwe ziqala ngale ndlela:
- Onke amapuleti amaqabunga, ngaphandle kwalawa amabili noma amathathu aphezulu, anqunywa esiqwini ngaphandle kokuthinta i-petiole. Izibuko ze-longitudinal zenziwa nge-razor blade noma i-scalpel ezinso ezikhona, enye eyi-2-3 yazo yenziwa phansi kwesibambo.
- Ingxenye engezansi yamahlumela asikiwe icwiliswa amahora angama-8-10 kusixazululo se-isishukumisi sempande esilungiselelwe ngokuya ngemiyalo (Heteroauxin, Kornevin, Zircon).
- Iziqukathi ezincane zigcwele ngengxube yemfucumfucu ye-peat kanye nesihlabathi somfula osezingeni eliphakathi (ngokulingana okulinganayo), isendlalelo esingaphansi komhlaba simanzi kahle. Uma kunendawo yamahhala ekhishini lokushisa noma endaweni eluhlaza, ungamba umgodi ongashisi, uwugcwalise ngenhlabathi efanayo. Kulokhu, phakathi kokusika kushiya u-5 cm, phakathi kwemigqa - 7-8 cm.
- Izilimo zitshalwa ngokujula ngo-2-2,5 cm ekhoneni elingaba ngu-45º ebusweni bomhlaba. Okuqukethwe ezitsheni kumbozwe ngezikhwama zepulasitiki ukunikeza umswakama ophezulu (85-90%). Izinga lokushisa lomoya ligcinwa ezingeni le-25-27ºº, isendlalelo - 20-22ºС. Inhlabathi ifafazwa kwesinye isikhathi ngesibhamu sokufafaza, kufanele ibe nomswakama ngokulinganayo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Isidingo sokusika izingcembe ze-gooseberry eluhlaza isiswakama somoya esiphakeme nokunisela kaningi
- Izimbambo zimbozwa elangeni eliqondile ngamagatsha noma ngezinto ezimhlophe zokwembozwa ngaphezulu. Ungafafaza ingilazi yegreenhouse kule ndawo ngesisombululo sikalamula we-hydrate emanzini.
Uma kungekho ndawo ku-greenhouse, i-microclimate efanelekile yokusikwa kwe-gooseberry eluhlaza ingakhiwa ekhaya
- Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ukusikeka kufanele kunikeze izimpande ngezinsuku eziyi-10-12. Ngemuva kwalokho, badinga ukondliwa ngokufafaza ngesisombululo somanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi nokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen (Nitrofoska, Diammofoska, Azofoska) - 15-20 g nge-10 wamalitha amanzi. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyaqhubeka kuyo yonke inkathi; ekwindla, izithombo zidluliselwa endaweni engapheli. Uma izimpande zakho zibonakala zingakhiwa kahle, ungayihlehlisa le nqubo kuze kube intwasahlobo elandelayo.
Iningi lezinto ezisikiwe eziluhlaza phakathi nehlobo ziyakwazi ukukhula zibe namandla ngokwanele okusinda emhlabathini
Ngezihlahla ezisikiwe, izinhlobo eziningi ze-gooseberry zokukhetha ezifuywayo azizalisi ngokuzithandela okukhulu. Kepha le ndlela ilungele kakhulu ama-nzalo angaphandle, ikakhulukazi aseNyakatho Melika.
Ukutshala izingcezane ze-joseified lignified engela kushukumisa ukukhula kohlelo lwezimpande kanye namahlumela amasha we-lateral
Izinto zokutshala zinqunywa kusuka amahlumela ase-basal ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, lapho isihlahla silahlekelwa ngamahlamvu awo. Ingaphezulu legatsha ligxile kakhulu. Akufanele zibe zinde - 15 cm cm zanele.
- Izinhlobo ezisikiwe zigaywa eqhweni ebusika noma, uma kungenzeka, zigcinwe eqhweni. Uma une-cellar noma engaphansi, ungenza ngendlela ehlukile. Ukutshala izinto ngemuva kokusika kubekwe izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 emabhokisini ngesihlabathi esimanzi, kungcwatshwe ngokuphelele. Lapho kuvela isimilo se-"typx" endaweni yomsiki (obizwa ngokuthi yi-callus ngama-nerds), asuswa ukuze agcinwe, embozwe ngokhuni noma kumiswa okuswelayo.
- Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngoMeyi, atshalwe engxenyeni yomsele ogcwele inhlabathi evundile evulekile ukuze ihlumela elilodwa noma amabili aqhubeke ngenhla komhlaba. Ibanga phakathi kokusika okucishe kube ngu-10-12 cm.
- Inhlabathi inwebeke kahle lapho amanzi egcotshwa - ifakwa ngotshani, i-peat crumb, humus (isendlalelo sobukhulu obukhulu kangangokuba izingqimba azibonakali) noma ziqinisa umbhede ngefilimu emnyama yepulasitiki.
- Lapho ukusika kutholakala izimpande, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa. Banakekele ehlobo uyanisela, ukhulula inhlabathi, ukhula imibhede. Njalo ngezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya ku-20 ziniselwa ngamanzi ayihlanjululwe ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1- 1 nge-infusion yomquba omusha wenkomo noma imifino ye-nettle, ama-dandelion. Ekwindla, izithombo eziphumayo zidluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukwahlulela ukuthi izingcezu ze-gooseberry ezisikiwe zinezimpande yini, umuntu angahlulela ngokuvela kwamaqabunga amasha
Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, ama-cuttings angaqedwa "ukutshala" emhlabathini. Zixhunywe ngogongolo, ziphendulwe zibheke phansi zembelwe emgodini wembale cishe ngama-40-50 cm. Ngenxa yalokhu kutshala, ukukhula kwezithelo zokukhula kuvinjelwe, futhi izimpande ezintsha zivuselelwa, kunalokho, inhlabathi iyafudumala ngokushesha kusuka phezulu. Imbobo enezihlahla ezisikiwe imbozwe nge-peat noma i-humus (ungqimba ongu-10-15 cm obukhulu), embozwe ifilimu eminyene. Ngentwasahlobo, batshalwe engadini ngendlela efanayo nokusikwa okunemibala.
Ngaphezu kwendlela "yendabuko" yokutshala ama-gooseberry cutised (isithombe ngezansi), kukhona enye indlela (isithombe ngenhla), kodwa ilungele izifunda ezinobusika obufudumele nje
Kukhona okuthiwa yizisiki ezihlanganisiwe. Le yingxenye yegatsha, enqunywe endaweni lapho ihlumela eliluhlaza (okungenani 5 cm ubude) lingena ehlathini ligcinwe ligcinwe ucezwana lwehlumela oludumile, ngokuvamile elibizwa ngokuthi “isithende”. Izinto ezinjalo zokutshala zilungele ukusakazwa kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-gooseberries, lezi zisiki akudingeki zigcinwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Ubude bawo, kanye nekhwalithi yaphansi komhlaba kanye nomswakama womoya, akunandaba. Banikeza izimpande ngokushesha emanzini ajwayelekile, noma ngokushesha okukhulu - kusixazululo esibuthakathaka (2-3 ml ngelitha lamanzi) se-biostimulant.
Ama-cuttings ahlanganisiwe alungele ukusakazwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo kanye nzalo yama-gooseberries, kungakhathalekile ukuthi aqhamukaphi
Ividiyo: ukusakazwa ngo-cutways
Ukusakazeka ngokuhlelwa
Ukusakazwa kwama-gooseberries ngokugaya kuyindlela ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi be-amateur. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo abekwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu, njengalapho ngokuxhunyelelwa noma ukuhlukanisa isihlahla. Izithombo ezakhekile kakade ezinezistimu zazo ezithuthukisiwe zihlukaniswe esihlahleni. Izendlalelo zingaqondile, zibheke phezulu futhi zibambe ongezansi.
Ekwindla, izithombo ezitholwe kusuka ku-gooseberry cuttings zisuswa ngokucophelela emhlabathini futhi zihlolwe; zinesistimu yezimpande ethile ethuthukisiwe
Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe ngokubekwa kwezakhiwo kufaneleke kahle kumasethi amancane, aneminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala. Kusuka kubo ngamunye wesizini ungathola izithombo ezingama-4-7 ezisebenzayo. Isihlahla sikamama siyaqhubeka sithela izithelo.
- Khetha amahlumela wonyaka angama-3-5 anempilo. Entwasahlobo, lapho inhlabathi ifudumele ngokwanele, bamba imisele engu-5 cm cm ngokujulile, uyigcwalise ngenhlanganisela yemvuthuluka yama-humus kanye ne-peat, bese ubeka amagatsha kuwo ukuze kuthi ubude bawo bonke, kufaka phakathi isisekelo, baxhumane ne-substrate. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amahlumela ezindaweni eziningana ahlelwa ngezingcezu zocingo olugogekile noma lwezinwele ezivamile. Cindezela eziqongweni, usike 3-4 cm.
- Amahlumela aphezulu awambozwa ngenhlabathi, i-substrate emseleni igcinwa njalo esimweni esimanzi. Zimbozwa inhlabathi evundile kuphela lapho kuvela amahlumela mpo angu-4-5 cm.
- Lapho izithombo zikhula zifinyelela ku-12-15 cm, zihlanganiswa, zimbozwe ngokuphelele ngomhlaba. Ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kuhlanganisa ukuchelela njalo, kumanyolo nge-nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus kanye nokhula. Uma enwebeka kakhulu, maphakathi nehlobo, khonkotha ingaphezulu lehlumela emaqabungeni angama-1-2 ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagatsha. Ekushiseni okwedlulele, kungakuhle ukuvikela izitshalo ezincane elangeni eliqondile ngokuzimboza ngamagatsha, zilele ngotshani noma ngotshani.
- Ekwindla yokuqala, izithombo eziphumayo ziyasuswa emhlabathini bese zihlola uhlelo lwezimpande. Labo lapho ithuthukiswe khona ngokwanele ingadluliselwa ngokushesha endaweni eyiyo. Zonke ezinye zikhula ehlobo elilandelayo, zigaya ubusika.
Lapho isakazwa izingqimba ezivundlile, isihlahla okutholakala kuso izinto zokutshala siyaqhubeka sithela izithelo
Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe nge-arcuate layering kwenziwa ngokwesikimu esifanayo. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi igatsha ligxunyekwe eduze komhlaba ngasikhathi sinye, cishe phakathi nendawo, futhi le ndawo ngokushesha ifafazwa nomhlaba, iniselwa kahle amanzi. Ingaphezulu nesisekelo sehlumela kuhlala phezu kobuso, iphinikhitha yokuqala ibanga eli-10-15 cm ukusuka endaweni yokulungiswa kwegatsha.
Izindlela zokwandisa ama-gooseberry anezingqimba eziwugqinsi nangaphezulu zihlukile kancane komunye nomunye, ukukhetha kuya ngokuthi zingaki nokuthi yiziphi izithombo ofuna ukuzithola
Ekwindla, isithombo esisebenzayo siqinisekisiwe ukuthi sitholakala kusukela ekuhlukaniseni izingcingo. Igatsha elixhumanisa isitshalo sikamama lisikiwe, kugawulwa isihlahla esisha bese sidluliselwa endaweni yaphakade. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokwandiswa ngokusikwa kwezithombo, kufinyelela okuncane, kepha kuyasebenza, kuvumelana nezimo ezintsha zokuphila bese uqala ukuthela izithelo. Njengomthetho, isivuno sokuqala sivunwa eminyakeni emibili nje kuphela emva kokufakelwa.
Amahlahla asekade agqwayito amadala kuneminyaka engu-6-8 ubudala asatshalaliswa ngokufakwa mpo, isikhathi sokukhiqiza esesivele siphela. Kulonyaka nonyaka olandelayo, izilimo azinakulindeleka kuzo.
- Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga eqabunga "avuke", wonke amahlumela amadala kuneminyaka engu-2-3 anqunywe ezingeni lokukhula. Abaseleyo bancishiswa ngamashumi amabili nambili. Le nqubo ivusa ukwakheka okukhulu kwamagatsha amasha.
- Lapho amahlumela amasha efinyelela kubude obuyi-12-15 cm, isihlahla sigudlulwa azungeze umngcele, sigcwalise amahlumela amasha ngenhlabathi cishe phakathi nendawo. Wonke ama-voids phakathi kwabo kumele agcwaliswe.
- Ehlobo, igquma lobumba livuselelwa izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngaphezulu ngesikhathi sokuchitha, kancane kancane likhuphula ukuphakama kwalo libe ngu-18-20 cm. Ukunisela okuningi kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa ngakunye. Eshumini lesibili sikaJulayi, nciza izihloko zez amahlumela zaminyaka yonke ukuze zigxile kakhulu.
- Ngesikhathi sonyaka, ukubekwa kwesikhathi esizayo kuhlinzekwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3, kuthululela nesixazululo somanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi wamahlahla berry. Ukunisela njalo kuyadingeka.
- Ekwindla, basusa umhlaba esihlahleni. Izendlalelo ezinezimpande zihlukaniswe yisitshalo somama bese zitshintshelwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela, ukukhulisa ama-gooseberries ngezendlalelo mpo kuyindlela edla isikhathi
Kukhona enye indlela yokusabalalisa ngokufaka izingqimba, efaneleke kakhulu kulabo abatshala izithombo zejogoberry. Esihlahleni esisodwa ungathola izitshalo ezintsha ezingama-30.
- Entwasahlobo, esihlahleni okuzoba "onikelayo", wonke amahlumela asikiwe, kusale "isigaxa" ukuphakama ngo-10 cm. Njengoba lokhu kuvuselela ukukhula kwamagatsha, amahlumela amaningi wonyaka avela phakathi nenkathi. Ezinye zezibuthakathaka zingasikwa zize zikhule, ezinye zishiywe kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo.
- Maphakathi no-Ephreli, wonke amahlumela, ngaphandle kwalawo amathathu noma amane, atholakala enkabeni yehlathi, agobekile futhi abekwe ngaphandle lapho kudala khona izimbotshana ezi-8-10 cm ezijulile, ezigcwele inhlabathi evundile noma i-humus. "Umklamo" ophumele ufana nelanga ngemisebe, njengoba izingane zidweba.
- Amagatsha ama-Bent aqiniswe esikhundleni sokuma, afafazwe ngenhlabathi, eniselwa ngamanzi afudumele njengoba womile.
- Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, cishe lonke ihlumela lokukhula kumahlumela okumbiwa kufanele linikeze inzalo. Lapho zikhula zide zibe ngu-12-15 cm, zilala uhhafu ngenhlabathi evundile evundile ukuvuselela ukukhula kohlelo lwezimpande.
- NgoSepthemba, wonke amahlumela okwakhiwa kuwo ahlukaniswe esihlahleni sikamama. Zonke izitshalo ezinezimpande okungenani ezincane ziyagcinwa.
- Izendlalelo zidluliselwa kumabhodwe osayizi ofanele. Kusebusika egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba noma emiphongolweni, okushisa okuncane kanye nomswakama okungama-65-75%.
- Entwasahlobo zidluliselwa ku-greenhouse. Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla licishe libe ngu-30 cm, phakathi kwezintambo - ngu-0.5 m. Intamo yezimpande ingcwatshwe okungenani ngo-3-4 cm kunangaphambili. Ngo-ekwindla, ukubeka izingqimba esekhulile kulungele ukufika endaweni ehlala njalo.
Indlela yokugcina ikuvumela ukuthi ukhuphuke ufike ku-30 izithombo ezintsha ezivela esihlahleni esisodwa se-jamu
Ividiyo: kukhula izihlahla zomhluzi ezintsha ezivela ku-layering
Ukwahlukaniswa kwe-Bush
Ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla kuyindlela efanelekile uma udinga ukusabalalisa izinhlobonhlobo ze-gooseberry ezingandile noma ezinqabile. Njengomthetho, ezindaweni zokukhula kwehlumela, izihlahla zalo zakha izimpande ezingeziwe. Ngonyaka ngaphambi kwenqubo ehlongozwayo, wonke amagatsha aneminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu anqunywa ezingeni lokukhula.
Kuyinto engathandeki ukuhlukanisa isihlahla se-gooseberry sibe izingxenye eziningi kakhulu, kuvame ukutholakala okusha ku-3-4 okusha
- Amahlathi kajamujiki ayembiwa emhlabathini futhi asakaze izimpande zawo, ahlukanise amahlumela asencane ku "hemp" wakudala. Ngommese obukhali, ococekile, izimpande zisikiwe, bezama ukunciphisa inani lokulimala.
- Izicucu ezenziwe ukuvimbela ukukhula kokubola nezinye izifo zifafazwa ngeshokho ochotshoziwe, umlotha wezinkuni ohlutshiwe, isalfure ye-colloidal, nesinamoni. Ingxenye ngayinye kumele ibe nohlelo lwezimpande oluthuthukisiwe kanye okungenani namahlumela amathathu.
- Izimpande zigcinwe ngengxube yobumba be-powder kanye nesixazululo sanoma iyiphi i-biostimulant. Ubuningi obulungile bokungafani bufana nokhilimu omuncu omuncu.
- Ngakho-ke izithombo ezitholwayo zitshalwa emigodini yokutshala elungiselelwe ngaphambili futhi iniselwa kakhulu (amalitha ayi-15-20 amanzi). Inhlabathi ibunjiwe, amahlumela atholakalayo afinyezwa ngengxenye yesithathu yobude. Uma ukwahlukaniswa kwenziwa ekwindla, ukulungiselela ubusika kufanele kube ngokucophelela.
Amavidiyo ahlobene
Ezinye izindlela
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okuchaziwe, kunezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza kabusha ama-gooseberry, kodwa ngenxa yenjongo eyodwa noma esinye isizathu asithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi be-amateur.
Ukutshala imbewu
Le ndlela isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ngabalimi abasebenza kahle lapho bezalanisa izinhlobo ezintsha, kepha akekho owenqabayo umlimi we-amateur ukuzama ukwenza lokhu. Umphumela awulindelekile ngokuphelele - ama-bushs ngakho-ke awatholakali kakhulu izici zokuhluka kwesitshalo somzali.
Imbewu yeGooseberry isatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi ngabalimi abasebenza kahle; le yinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ethatha isikhathi esiningi.
- Ukuthola imbewu, khetha amajikijolo amaningi avuthiwe. I-pulp ihlukaniswa isikhumba bese yomiswa izinsuku eziningana elangeni eliqondile.
- Izinto zokutshala zifakwa emigqonyeni emincane efulethini egcwele isihlabathi esimanzi, ijule ngo-2-3 cm. Ebusika, zigcinwa endaweni ephansi noma engaphansi noma zingcwatshwe endaweni kuze kube yi-40-50 cm, zifafazwe nge-peat crumb kusuka phezulu (ungqimba lobukhulu be-15-20 cm).
- Ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, imbewu ihlwanyelwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma abamba ukushisa, embozwe nge-humus noma i-peat. Ubukhulu bengqimba - 2-3 cm.
- Izithombo ezinamahlamvu amabili noma amathathu wangempela zidluliselwa emibhedeni emoyeni ovulekile. Ehlobo, ukutshala kuvame ukuniselwa, kukhula, bese inhlabathi idedelwa ngokucophelela.
- Ekwindla yokuqala, izithombo (kufanele zifinyelele ku-15-20 cm) zidluliselwa endaweni engapheli emigodini elungiselelwe kwangaphambili.
Ukusakazwa amagatsha zisetshenziswa
Izinto zokutshala zitholakala ngesikhathi sokuthena okudala ukuguga, okusindisa isihlahla kuwo wonke amahlumela amadala kuneminyaka engama-5-6.
Ngeke nakancane kube ukushoda kwezinto zokutshala ngesikhathi sokuzala kabusha kwama-gooseberries ngamagatsha zisetshenziswa - kwakhiwa ngobuningi ngemuva kokuthenwa okulandelayo
- Amagatsha asikiwe abekwa ngokulingene emafulethini angajulile (5-6 cm), eshiya ephezulu (ukukhula kwesizini edlule) ngaphezulu, futhi imbozwe inhlabathi evundile ekhanyayo.
- Cindezela phezulu, ususe izinso ezingaphezulu ezi-2-3. Inhlabathi ihlala inomswakama. Ngenkathi yesizini, ihlumela elivelile liniselwa izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngesisombululo seNitrofoski noma i-Azofoski (5-7 g / l) ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwesisindo esiluhlaza.
- Ekwindla, izithombo ezifike kubude obuyi-15-18 cm zidluliselwa endaweni engapheli. Okungakhuli ngaphansi kwehlobo elizayo kukhule endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma engadini.
Ukugoma
Indlela iyinkimbinkimbi impela, ngakho-ke yenziwa kuphela ngabalimi abanolwazi. Ukugoma kwenziwa kuphela esihlahleni se-gooseberry sezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukile; kwamanye amasiko, into exhunyelelwayo ithatha izimpande kabi.
Amagogosi agonywe ngezindlela ezihlukile, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngamabhasi ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukile, yize ezinye izingcweti zingafinyelela umphumela oyifunayo lapho zigonyelwa ama-currants nama-yoshta
- Amahlumela akhethwe njenge-scion ahlanzwa amaqabunga ameva futhi asikwe ukuze ucezu luhlale luyi-cm cm ubude ngama-buds amathathu noma amane wokukhula. Ukusikwa okuphansi kwenziwa nge-engela engaba ngu-60º.
- Ukuqobeka kwesimo sencwadi engu-T ngokujula kuka-1-1,5 mm kwenziwa ngamagxolo wesipikili nge-scalpel noma i-razor.
- Ukuhlangana kwesitoko ne-scion kukhishwe ngamagciwane ngesisombululo esingu-2% se-sulphate yethusi noma i-Bordeaux ewuketshezi, kufakwa emikhakheni yezitshalo zasendlini ezingxenyeni eziningana. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1-2, inqubo kumele isuswe futhi iqale ukwakha amaqabunga amasha.
Isikhathi sempilo ekhiqizayo yesihlahla se-berry iminyaka engama-8-10. Noma izihlahla ezinamandla zokulwa nokuguga azikwazi ukululeka. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukunakekela ukushintshwa okulinganayo ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi. Noma yiziphi izindlela ezichaziwe zokusabalalisa i-gooseberries zilungele lokhu. Iningi lazo liyimifino, futhi izitshalo ezitholakala ngale ndlela zigcinela ngokuphelele izici zokuhlukahluka kwesihlahla esinikelayo.
