I-Dutch Strawberry Ukukhula Ubuchwepheshe Wabasaqalayo

Ubuchwepheshe beDashi bubandakanya ukukhulisa amajikijolo akhula unyaka wonke. Ukwazi izisekelo zale ndlela futhi uzivumelanise nezikhundla zakho, ungaqala ibhizinisi elinenzuzo noma unikeze umndeni wakho ngamajikijolo amnandi ngisho nasebusika.

Ungakhula kanjani sitrobheli eHolland

Ukulima unyaka wonke ngesilinganiso sezimboni, yiqiniso, kusetshenziswa izithombo zokugcina izithombo. Zigcina i-microclimate efanelekile kuma-sitrobheli. Kusuka ekwindla kuye entwasahlobo, ukukhanya kwemini kukhuliswa ngokwenziwe. Kufakwa uhlelo lokunisela ngokudonswa kwamanzi, kutholwe izisombululo zezakhi ngalo. Izinhlobo ezikhiqizayo nezizwisisayo ezinama-amajikijolo angathengiswayo zikhethiwe. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akwanele.

Umgomo oyinhloko wobuchwepheshe bamaDashi ama-sitrobheli unyaka wonke

Isici semvelo salesi siko ukuthi sithela izithelo kanye ngonyaka, ukulungisa izinhlobo - izikhathi ezi-2-3. Ngemuva kokutshala izithelo, ukuqhakaza kwezimbali zesitshalo esisha kubekwa bese isikhathi sokuphumula siqala. Abalimi abangamaDashi abasebenza ngokuthengisa ama-sitrobheli abakwazi ukulinda isivuno esilandelayo. Badinga ukusakazwa okuqhubekayo kwemali, okusho ukuthi amajikijolo. Ngakho-ke, njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5 kuya kwezingu-31 lapho kutyalwe into entsha yokutshala, ngendlela yokuthi izitshalo ziqale ukukhiqiza izitshalo ngesikhathi izithelo zokugcina sezivele zivuniwe kusuka ezedlule. Izihlahla ezinesihlahla zisuswe ngokungenacala.

Izindleko zama-sitrobheli we-off-isizini, ikakhulukazi ngamaholide, zanda ngezikhathi ezingama-8-10. Yize ehlobo leli bheri alishibhile.

Ividiyo: Abamba ukushisa ngokutshala unyaka wonke

Ungawusebenzisa kanjani ubuchwepheshe beDashi

Manje, ngokwazi izici eziyisisekelo zobuchwepheshe bamaDashi, sizozama ukuzisebenzisa ezimeni ezijwayelekile zaseRussia. Ngaphezu kwesifiso sokusebenza nomhlaba ngisho nasebusika, uzodinga: igumbi, iziqukathi zokutshala, izithombo zezinhlobo ezifiselekayo, inhlabathi kanye nomanyolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zakho zikagesi namanzi zizokwanda.

Igumbi lokukhula Strawberry

Umbuzo wokuqala ophathelene nabo bonke abalimi be-novice: ukuthi ungabekisela kuphi ubusika noma okutshalelwe unyaka wonke. Uma kungenalo abamba ukushisa okuvuthayo, khetha ekhoneni egumbini noma kulo lonke igumbi, kufakwa kuvulandi noma kuveranda. Ezindlini zezwe, ngaphansi komhlaba, ama-attic, kanye namasheya kuvame ukungasebenzi. Konke lokhu, uma kufiswa, kungaphendulwa ipulazi elincane leDashi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabikho kwamafasitela akufanele kukukhathaze. Zincane kakhulu, zifudumala ebusika, futhi ukukhanya kwemvelo, akwanele ebusika ngisho nasengadini ebusika enamafasitela asika ophahleni. Ngakho-ke, akunandaba ukuthi ukhetha ini: i-balcony ekhazimulayo noma isitezi esingaphansi komhlaba, yonke indawo kusuka ekwindla kuye entwasahlobo, isibani sokufakelwa siyadingeka.

Ama-Strawberry angatshalwa hhayi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kuphela, kodwa nasekhaya, efasiteleni

Izimo ezithandekayo zalesi siko

Ukuze izihlahla zikhule, ziyaqhakaza zinikeze amajikijolo amakhulu futhi avuthiwe, kuyadingeka ukudala izimo lapho sitrobheli sizizwa sikhululekile.

1. Ukushisa: + 18 ... +25 ⁰C, ngesikhathi sezimbali kumele kwehliswe ku + 20 ... +21 ⁰C. Ngezansi kwe +12 ⁰C nangaphezulu kwe +35 ⁰C - amazinga okushisa abucayi, ukukhula kwe-sitrobheli kwehlisa ijubane noma kuyeke, okuzothinta isivuno.
2. Umswakama: 70-80%. Umoya owomile kufanele ugcotshwe ngesifutho noma ngokubeka iziqukathi ngamanzi. Umswakama ophakeme uqedwa umoya omncane. Ngakho-ke, umoya omncane ku-sitrobheli wakho kumele.
3. Izinga lekhabhoni dioksijini liyi-0,1% noma i-1 000 ppm. Ngaphandle kwalesi simo, ngeke kube khona i-photosynthesis ejwayelekile, okungukuthi, umsoco. Izitshalo zimunca isikhutha kanye namanzi, ziziguqule zibe amakhompiyutha e-organic nomoya-mpilo ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya. Kukhona izinzwa kanye ne-carbon dioxide level sensors. Ungakunciphisa okuqukethwe yi-CO2 ngemoya omncane, futhi ukwengeze ngokuhlinzeka ngentuthu, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka kumshisi wegesi, amakhandlela, i-boiler yokushisa, njll.
4. Izibani kufanele zifane nelanga. Abalimi banamuhla bangavele bashiye i-incandescent, i-fluorescent, ukukhanya kwemini, bathenga ama-phytolamp akhethekile ngombala obomvu-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, athengiswa ngokukhululekile ezitolo zezingadi. Lapho ukhetha i-phytolamp, cabanga ukuthi bangakhanyisa indawo engakanani. Kunamamodeli wokukhanyisela emuva nokukhanyisa amabala (imbiza eyodwa), kanye nokubuyiselwa okuphelele kokukhanya kwelanga okuphelele kokutshala, kuzodingeka ama-phytopanels ochwepheshe kanye namalambu amakhulu esikwele. Ukuze ukhanyise kangcono, sebenzisa i-foil nezinye izindawo ezibonisa ukukhanya.
5. Ukuphakama kosuku lapho ama-sitrobheli aqhakaza futhi athela izithelo kungamahora ayi-12-16. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ama-sitrobheli aqhakaza ngoJuni, lapho ilanga licashe amahora angama-7-8 kuphela ngosuku. Uma usuku lude, kuzovela izimbali namajikijolo ngokushesha.
6. Ukungcola kuyadingeka kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-sitrobheli. Imbali ngayinye inesibabule kanye nemikhaza, kepha impova ayidlulisi yona uqobo, umuntu kufanele ayidlulise. Epulazini elincane lamakhasi amaningana, kulula ukufeza impova yezandla. Emagumbini okugcina izithombo ezinkulu, kusungulwe okhalweni, kuhlanganiswe izimbungulu. Ku-sitrobheli esisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, ungabeka ifeni bese ulisebenzisa ukudala umoya wokufakelwa.
7. Uhlelo lokunisela. Inganiselwa ngesandla; ekutshaleni indawo enkulu, faka imigqa yokunisela yokuchelela.

Igalari yezithombe: imishini yokulima unyaka wonke

Ukutshala impahla, ubuchwepheshe be-frigo

Ukuze ama-sitrobheli athethelele izindleko zokuwukhulisa ngaphakathi endlini, futhi ngisho nasebusika, izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zokuqala nezikhiqizayo ziyadingeka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: i-Alba, i-Octave, i-Sonata, i-Honey, i-Darenka, i-Clery nezinye. Noma iyiphi inzalo yamaDashi ifanelekile, ngoba ngesilinganiso esiphakeme kungenzeka ukuthi ikhule ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Kunenkinga enzima ukwedlula ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene: ukuthi ungakuthola kuphi, nokuthi ungagcina kanjani izinto zokutshala ebusika. Ngemuva kwakho konke, njalo ezinyangeni ezingama-2-3 udinga ukutshala izihlahla ezintsha.

Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka ungathenga ama-sitrobheli noma ama-ford sitrobheli

Ngemuva kokuqonda ingqophamlando yobuchwepheshe beDashi, inhloso yama-frigo sitrobheli iyacaca. Ekuqaleni yayisetshenziswa kuphela ngabalimi ekutshaleni ama-greenhouse. Manje le nto yokutshala ivele ekuthengisweni kwamahhala. I-Frigo - amadevu asikiwe we-sitrobheli, avunwa ekwindla, uwagcine emazingeni okushisa angama-0 ... -2 ⁰C. Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, izithombo ezinjalo zingasuswa kusukela enqolobaneni futhi zivuswe ngokubeka endaweni evumayo.

Ividiyo: ibukeka kanjani nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze nge-frigo sitrobheli (izeluleko ezivela kusesho lomeluleki wezolimo)

Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi, njengoba unesiqeshana sakho somhlaba, uzenzele kanjani futhi mahhala i-sitrobheli noma i-sitrobheli frigo:

1. Khulisa izinhlobo ozidingayo esizeni sakho, khetha izihlahla ezikhiqiza kakhulu, usiphule amadevu awo.
2. Ekwindla, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingakhuphuki ngenhla kwe-0 ⁰C, ama-sitrobheli asevele asesiteji esishisayo.
3. Hlikihla ngokucophelela inhlabathi kusuka ezimpandeni. Awukwazi ukugeza, ukomile, usike izimpande!
4. Sika amaqabunga, ushiye ama-petioles kanye namaqabunga amancane phakathi - inhliziyo.
5. Bopha izithombo ezinqwaba zezingcezu ezi-5, ezi-10 noma ezingama-20. Kumakhethini ezimboni, axhunyiwe ku-50-100.
6. Songa izikhwama zepulasitiki noma emabhokisini afakwe ifilimu.
7. Gcina endaweni yokushisa engu-0 ... -2 ⁰C kanye nomswakama 90%. Ekuphambukeni okuncane kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa ohlangothini olungaphezulu, i-sitrobheli iyavuka, ku -3 ⁰C iyafa.

Uma ungenalo ithuba lokuthenga nokugcina i-frigo, ungayithenga edolobheni lakho noma uyi-oda online. Vele, udinga ukwenza lokhu ebusika. Ngenkathi efudumele, izisekelo ziyaphaphama ngaphambi kokuba zifike kumakhasimende, amaqabunga enwebeka futhi omile ngaphandle kokudla. Izikhoxe ezifakiwe zigcinwe izinyanga eziyi-9, mhlawumbe zinde, kepha umkhiqizo wazo uyancishiswa. Ukuvusa izithombo, uzidlulisele ekushiseni bese uvumela ukuncibilika ngaphandle kokukhipha i-polyethylene. Umehluko obukhali wokushisa uzovusa ukushiswa okushisa, okuholela ekufeni. Ngemuva kokuphambuka, yehlisa izithombo amahora amathathu ngezimpande emanzini. Ungangeza izithasiselo zokukhula nokwakheka kwezimpande.

Isithako soshizi

Kuyacaca ukuthi, ngokobuchwepheshe bamaDashi, isihlahla ngasinye asidingi indawo engama-50x50 cm, ngoba izitshalo zonyaka zikhulile, akekho ozobanika iminyaka emi-4 yokukhula futhi bathele izithelo. Isigcabha somhlaba esinobubanzi okungenani be-15 cm kanye nokujula kwama-25-30 cm sanele kula mabhasi anjalo. Ungasebenzisa:

• amabhodwe ngamanye;
• iziqukathi, amabhokisi;
• izikhwama zepulasitiki ezinamafutha okugcotshwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla ebangeni elingama-25-30 cm umgodi owodwa ukusuka kolunye;
• imivimbo epulasitiki.

Nikeza izintandokazi ezitsheni ezikhululwa kalula emhlabathini, zibulawe amagciwane, ziphinde zigcwaliswe. Ukuze isetshenziswe kahle indawo, iziqukathi noma ezinye iziqukathi zihlelwe ngokuqondile emathanjeni: zinamathele ezindongeni, zibekwe kuma-racks, njll.

Ezingadini zokugcina izimboni, ama-sitrobheli atshalwa emiseleni yokulengiswa.

Ama-Hydroponics noma ukulinywa komhlaba?

EHolland, ukutshala kwe-hydroponic kuvamile. Umhlabathi awuphathi noma yiliphi inani lokudla okunempilo. Izitshalo zikhula ngenxa yezisombululo zezakhi ezivela kumanyolo wamaminerali. I-coconut fiber isetshenziswa kabanzi, inama-pores amaningi neziteshi ekwakhiweni kwayo. Lezi zihamba zigcwele umoya, amanzi nokudla. Izimpande zehla ngokukhululeka ukusuka kwenye micropore iye kwenye, kuthatha okuqukethwe. Kodwa-ke, uma i-hydroponics iyinto entsha futhi imfashini yenzelwe abalimi baseRussia, bese iYurophu inomhlaba ongcolile, ongcolile kanye nokushoda kwamanzi, i-hydroponics yisisombululo esihle nesidingo. Emva kwakho konke, lobu buchwepheshe abudingi umhlaba futhi buhlala buhambisana nokunisela kwezomnotho okuzenzakalelayo.

Ukhukhamba kakhukhunathi uvame ukusetshenziselwa njengendawo esetshenziselwa ukutshala i-hydroponic.

E-Russia, kusazuzisa ukusebenzisa umhlaba ukulima umuntu ngamunye. Ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi kungenziwa nguwe futhi mahhala. Noma kuqediwe esitolo kushibhile kune-coconut fiber. Umhlaba usebenza njengendawo yokugcina izakhi zomzimba, akudingeki ukuthi, njengasendabeni ye-hydroponics, nsuku zonke silungiselele futhi sikhonze izixazululo ngokulingana nobungako obufanele. Kwanele ukwenza inhlabathi enempilo yokutshala futhi ngezikhathi ezithile wenze ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixazululo ezikhethekile ze-hydroponics azikatholakali ngokuthengiswa, ziyabiza, zisetshenziswa kakhulu. Kuyiqiniso, ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zezimboni, imifino, imifino kanye namajikijolo kulinywa ngaphandle komhlaba, kepha ukuthengwa kukamanyolo kanye namagatshana amancane kunenqwaba, kanye nenzuzo yebhizinisi elikhulu ayifani nemali engeniswa yomthengisi wangasese.

Ividiyo: Umanyolo we-hydroponics - imininingwane yabaqalayo

Ukulima umhlaba, ingxube yama-sitrobheli / sitrobheli ingathengwa esitolo noma ilungiswe ngokuzimele ngokuxuba umhlaba we-turf ne-peat kanye ne-humus ephekwe kahle. Le nhlabathi kumele ifudunyezwe nganoma iyiphi indlela ukuya ku-100 ⁰C ukuze kuqedwe izinambuzane kanye nesikhunta se-pathogenic. Esikhathini esizayo, ngesikhathi sokutshala, faka umhlabathi ngemuva kwezihlahla ngamasha amasha noma ukhiphe isidumbu esidala bese usigcwalisa ngomanyolo.

Inhlabathi yama-sitrobheli nayo ilungele ama-sitrobheli, athengiswa ngamanani ahlukahlukene, cishe njalo aqukethe i-peat, i-baking powder kanye ne-mineral fertilizer

Izinto ze-organic azilungile njengomanyolo, ikakhulukazi uma utshale indawo yokutshala efulethini. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi abendlu yakho babekezelele iphunga lomquba. Lapho utshala futhi ugqoka ngaphezulu, sebenzisa izingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi (Gumi-Omi, BioGumus, Iqabunga Elimsulwa, i-Agricola, njll.). Emiyalweni yelinye kukhona imithamo: malini okufanele ulethe ngaphansi kwesihlahla uma utshala futhi udla.

Ukuhamba nokunakekela

Lapho igumbi selilungisiwe, kudalwa i-microclimate edingekayo, kukhona inhlabathi nezithombo, ungaqala ukutshala, okuhlukile kokujwayelekile. Thela drainage ngesendlalelo esingama-2-3 cm ukuya ezansi kwezimbiza nasezitsheni, i-perlite, vermiculite, amatshe omfula, njll. Uyokwenza ke ukubeka izithombo ezitsheni, usakaze izimpande, ugcine izitshalo ngezinga lokuthi izinhliziyo zingaphezulu kwenhlabathi, bese umboza izimpande nomhlaba , kuyenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ividiyo: ukutshala i-frigo endaweni ebamba ukushisa

Ukunakekela ama-sitrobheli ngaphakathi kukhumbuza isimo sezimbali zasendlini, kucatshangelwa izici zesilimo esithile.

1. Gcina wonke amapharamitha abalulekile kuma-sitrobheli: izinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanyisa, okuqukethwe kwe-CO2.
2. Gcina umhlabathi umswakama.
3. Fakela ama-bush njalo ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 ngokuxutshwa okuthethwe ngomumo okwenziwe ngomumo okwenzelwe ngqo ama-sitrobheli. Ziqukethe wonke ama-macrocell adingekayo nama-macrocell (i-Agricola, iFertika, ishidi elihlanzekile, njll.).
4. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, nakekela impova.
5. Fafaza ngokuzivikela ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Susa amaqabunga anesifo namajikijolo ezihlahleni.

Ngokukhanya kwelanga okungamahora ayi-16, ama-sitrobheli aqhakaza ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngemuva kokutshala, amajikijolo avuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-35. Ukuthatha izithelo kuthatha amasonto angama-3-4. Ukuze umhambisi aqhubeke, amajikijolo esigaba esilandelayo sama-sitrobheli kufanele avuthwe lapho owedlule eqeda ukwenziwa izithelo. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esiphakathi kokufika kufanele sibe izinyanga eziyi-1-1,5. Ukuqhubeka kungatholakala ngokukhula kwezinhlobo ngezikhathi ezivuthiwe ezihlukile.

Kepha ekuqaleni kokuqalwa kwalobu buchwepheshe, ukuqhubeka akubalulekile kangako njengoba nekhono lokuthola amajikijolo amnandi ngesizini engekho. Zama ukukhulisa okungenani isivuno esisodwa, bese unquma ngokwakho: kufanelekile ukuqala ibhizinisi noma kwanele ukuzibekisela umkhawulo kuma-sitrobheni akhula ngentokozo yakho nokuzilibazisa.

Ubuchwepheshe obukhulayo beDashi bukuvumela ukuthi uvune ngokuqhubekayo, akunandaba nesikhathi sonyaka noma isimo sezulu. Ungayisebenzisa kahle kumasethi amaningi e-sitrobheli atshalwe ezimbizeni ezijwayelekile zezimbali. Into esemqoka ukulungisa noma ukuthenga izinto ezinhle zokutshala futhi ufunde ukuthi ungazakha kanjani futhi zigcine izimo zivumelana nesiko.