I-spider mite ingenye yezitha ezimbi kakhulu nezenzondo zabo bonke abalimi. Amathikithi avame ukusinda ezimweni ezishisayo, ezomile, ezingavumeleki kwezinye izifo eziningi. Ngokushesha zonke izivande zasendle zathola le nkathazo. Cabanga ukuthi kungani ukuhlaselwa kwezibungu zesicabucabu kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kungathandeki okwenzayo ngezitshalo zethu, yiziphi izinhlobo zezinambuzane kanye nendlela yokulwa nazo.
Isibungu se-spider: izici ezijwayelekile ze-disest
Izinambuzane zezinambuzane ziyizinambuzane ezinonya ezinamakhompi ezitshalo nezitshalo ze-horticultural. Lezi zinambuzane zitholakala yonke indawo. I-spider mite yinto encane kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukulwa nayo. Akunakwenzeka ukuphawula izidumbu kuze kufike umonakalo omkhulu emaqabeni asitshalo. Ubude bomuntu wesifazane kuphela u-0.4-0.6 mm kuphela, owesilisa usencane kakhulu. Umbala wamakhiza uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ophuzi obomvu.
Izinambuzane ezinjalo njengezibungu, i-nematodes, i-aphid, i-cockchafer, i-carrot ehamba ngezinyawo, i-anyanisi fly kanye nomnumzane ithinta kakhulu izakhiwo ezijwayelekile zezitshalo, futhi kwezinye izimo zingaholela ekufeni kwazo ngokuphelele.Izibungu ezincane ezinamakhanda ayisithupha. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili ze-molting, izibungu ziba ngabantu abadala bese zithola imilenze eyisishiyagalombili. Isikhathi sokuphila samantombazane sisukela ezinsukwini eziyisihlanu kuya kwezingu-40. Ngesikhathi sokushisa kwama-25-30 ° C, ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele komuntu omdala kungathatha izinsuku ezincane ezingu-7-8. Lapho izinga lokushisa linciphisa, le nqubo ingaba ijubane, kungathatha amasonto amane ukuqedela.
Uyazi? Isibungu se-spider asiyona inambuzane. Ihlukaniswa njengeklasi le-arachnid, isihlobo sezicabucabu nama-scorpions. Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisa izibungu ezivela ezinambuzaneni yizinombolo zemilenze. Izinambuzane zinamabhuloki amathathu emilenze, amakhizane anezinhlangothi ezine.
I-spider mite ivame ukuhlala ngemuva kweqabunga leqabunga, lapho lisusa khona izitshalo futhi lenza izimbobo ezincane. Amaqabunga awonakele aphelelwa amanzi. Babonakala bomile, bebuthakathaka futhi behlukanisiwe. Ngisho nokutheleleka okuncane kunomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni izitshalo. Futhi ngokuhlaselwa okude, ikhono lesitshalo lokuthi izithombeynthesis nokuziphilisa ziwehlise. Amagciwane anesifo esibulala izinambuzane angabhuqwa ngokuzumayo ngewebhu elincanyana, aphuzi bese ewa. Izimila ngokujwayelekile ziyancipha. 
Uyazi? Izibungu zesicabucabu ziyingozi kakhulu, ngoba zingalimaza kakhulu isitshalo ngesikhathi esifushane. MicroscopicAma-Arazite ahlasela kakhulu, lokhu kuyimbangela yokulimala okukhulu emahlamvu. Phakathi kwezinambuzane zezitshalo kukhona izibungu - ezinye zezinzima kakhulu ukulawula, yingakho izibulala-zinambuzane kufanele zisetshenziswe.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo zesicabucabu nencazelo yazo
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zesicabucabu, futhi ezinye zingase zivame kakhulu endaweni yakini kunabanye. Eziningi zezilwane zihlasela izingxenye zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zezitshalo.
I-Common Spider Mite
I-spider mite evamile ithelela izitshalo ehlobo elomile. Ukulimala kwenkathazo kubonakala endaweni yeqabunga. Kungaba mhlophe, ophuzi noma obomvu obomvu. Cishe amaqanda atholakale ehlathini lesitshalo. Ngezinye izikhathi kunomonakalo emaqabungeni: ahlukaniswe phakathi kwemifino, eyomile futhi ewa. Futhi, umonakalo onjalo ungathinta umkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo.
Okulandelayo, cabangela ukuthi yisiphi isikhumba sesicabucabu esibonakalayo. Ubude bomkhaza omdala ngu-0.44-0.57 mm, umzimba ugobile, uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umzimba wesilisa omdala uncane kakhulu kunowesifazane, umncane futhi unemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngesikhathi sokushisa kwe-22 ° C futhi inani elanele lokudla labafazi livela ezinsukwini ezingu-21 kuya kwezingu-35. Omunye wesifazane angafaka amaqanda angamakhulu amaningana. Ngentwasahlobo, abesifazane baya emanzini asetsheni abomile bese beqala ukubeka amaqanda. Ziyashintshashintsha, ziyindilinga.
Izinambuzane zihlasela izitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula. Uma kunciphisa okukhulu e-plantings ehlobo noma ekwelapheni izitshalo nge-herbicide, izinambuzane zifuna ezinye izinsiza zokudla. Ama-parasites angahlala ohlelweni lwesitshalo sesitshalo. Okufanayo kwenzeka uma kungekho khona imvula. Lesi sitha sezitshalo sinamandla okusabalalisa. Ikakhulukazi, esimweni esishisayo esomile, ama-parasites amabili akha izizukulwane eziyisikhombisa ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ngakho-ke, umonakalo uba ngaphezulu futhi uvele ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ezimweni zokushisa, ukusabalala kwe-mite ejwayelekile kuyashesha kakhulu ngenxa yamathuba aphezulu okusinda ekushiseni. Ukuqhaqhaza kanye nezinsimbi zokwakhiwa kwe-greenhouse yindawo yokuhlala ephelele ebusika ye-parasite, eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ekulwa nayo. Inombolo yamakhansela ekukhuphukeni kwe-greenhouse yanda izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-50 (kusukela ezizukulwaneni eziyi-10 kuya kwezi-15) zingakapheli amasonto amabili kuya ku-4. Izinambuzane zikhetha izitshalo ezinjalo: i-pepper, isitshalo seqanda, ikhukhamba, i-carnation, i-gerbera, i-rose, i-chrysanthemum, kodwa kaningi i-parasite ithinta i-ficus eyintandokazi yomuntu wonke. Uma ubhekene newebhu elincane elimhlophe phezu kwesiqu se-ficus, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokutheleleka kanye nesignali ukuthi kukhona okudingeka kwenziwe.
Kubalulekile! Amathikithi anzima kakhulu ukubona ngeso elimele. Ukubona izinambuzane ezincane zidinga ingilazi yokukhulisa. Ukuze unqume uhlobo lohlobo olunjalo, ungaxhumana nomsebenzi wakho wendawo ye-phytosanitary ukuze uthole usizo.
I-spider mite yamanga
Izinambuzane zamangqamu amanga yizinambuzane ezincane ezibhubhisa futhi ezingavamile. Lezi zinhlobo zihlukile kwamanye amalunga womndeni ngokuthi awunaki i-web. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mite yamanga incane ngobukhulu kunezinye izinhlobo. Umuntu omdala unomzimba omnyama obomvu olinganiselwa ku-0.25 mm ubude ngamabili amabili wemilenze emifushane ngaphambili nangemibili emilenzeni eseduze nomzimba omncane. Amaqanda abomvu, ama-oval, agcinwe singly eduze kwemithanjeni esemqoka ngemuva kweqabunga. I-nymph ifana nesimo somuntu omdala.
Lezi zitha ezincane zezitshalo zihamba kancane futhi ngezinye izikhathi zibonakala ngemuva kwamaqabunga. Zondla ezingxenyeni ezingenhla nezingezansi zamaqabunga, okuholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Lolu hlobo lwesitshalo sithinta izithelo ze-citrus, ama-orchids, i-passionflora, i-papaya, i-rambutan, i-durian ne-mangosteen. Ukutheleleka kuvame ukuvela esimweni esishisayo, esomile futhi kubangele ukuhlukumeza nokuqothula kwezithelo zokuvuthwa.
Uyazi? Umonakalo wezithelo ze-citrus nge-spider mite yamanga akuyona into engavamile: imikhaza ibhekene nokutheleleka lezo zingxenye zezithelo eziye zonakaliswa ezinye izinambuzane.
I-Atlantic spider mite
Ama-spider spider (iTetranychus atlanticus) - ukubukeka okufana nomuthi ojwayelekile, wamanga neTurkey. I-Atlantic mite iyakwazi ukuphila nokuphindaphinda emswakama ophezulu kakhulu emoyeni nasenhlabathini. Umbala wethole uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ubude besimangalo sesifazane kuyinto 0.43-0.45 mm; umzimba obol-oval, convex. Amantombazane avame ukuhlambalaza phansi ezitshalweni nakweminye indawo emnyama. Phakathi nenkathi, i-parasite ikhiqiza izizukulwane ezingu-5-6. Ubude besilisa buba ngu-0.3 mm. Amaqanda ayindilinga, alula.
I-parasite ikhetha izihlahla zezitshalo nezithelo ze-citrus njengezindawo zokuhlala. Amathikithi afaka izithelo, imifino, amaberry, izitshalo zobuchwepheshe nezokuhlobisa. Uma uhlaselwa amakhiza emahlamvu, ukubunjwa okuphuzi kubonakala. Ngokuhamba kancane amabala ahlanganisa lonke iqabunga, ekugcineni liholela ekusomeni kwalo.
I-red spider mite
Izibungu ezibomvu zesicabucabu (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) - izinambuzane zasadini ezithinta izitshalo ezihlukahlukene: azalea, camellia, apula, i-citrus, i-carnation. Kodwa ngokuvamile kaningi lesi sifo sesicabucabu sihlala phezu kwe-cactus. Leli qiniso lichazwa ukuthi lezi zinambuzane zikhetha indawo eyomile. Amathikithi akhula ngokusheshisa ngezimo zesomiso futhi ukubonisa ukumelana nezibulalazane ezithile zokubulala izibulala. Izitha ezincane zezitshalo ziyasiphuza isitshalo esivela emthonjeni omncane, zakha izindawo ezimhlophe phezulu.
Ngemuva kokutheleleka ngale nkathazo, lesi sitshalo siqhubeka sonakaliswa. Amahlamvu athatha ukubukeka okungekho empilo. Ehlangothini eliphambene nekhasi leshidi libhekwa njengeziphophozi ezinothuli. Ukuhlola ngokucophelela kwembula ukuthi lolu daba "luhamba" futhi empeleni luyibubukiso. Isibungu se-spider ebomvu sisebenza kakhulu esimweni sezulu esiphuzile (entwasahlobo noma ekwindla).
Amaqanda ama-white spherical shape. I-larva i-yellowish-greenish enezinhlangothi ezintathu zemilenze. I-nymph i-gray gray, enezindawo ezimnyama, inezinhlangothi ezine zemilenze. Kuye yobudala, umbala wamakhiza uhluka kusuka ophuzi kuze kube obomvu obomvu. Umzimba wesifazane omdala ungama-oval, u-0.4 mm ngobude. Abesilisa bancane kakhulu - 0.35 mm.
Umbuzo wokuthi ungayilawula kanjani umlenze wesibhakabhaka obomvu nokuthi ungawususa kanjani ucindezelwa ukuthi amaqanda omama angasetshenziswa enhlabathini iminyaka engaba mihlanu.
I-Cyclamen spider mite
I-Cyclamen spider mite (iTarsonemus pallidus) kubangele ukulimala okukhulu ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokushisa. Umuntu omdala onokude okungaphansi kuka-0.3 mm. Emilenzeni kufakwe amakhekhe amancane. Ayingenambala noma ensundu, anezinhlangothi ezine zomzimba. Ubude beqanda elibushelelezi liyi-0.1 mm.
Ama-cyclamen izidakamizwa agwema ukukhanya, atholakala ezindaweni ezifihliwe ezigumbini ezisezindlini (efihlekile, phakathi kwe-calyx ne-corolla). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibungu ze-cyclamen zikhetha umswakama ophezulu. Ama-parasites adla amaqabunga amancane kanye namahlumela esitshalo. Amaqabunga aphethwe yi-curl angaphakathi futhi aphikisana. Ama-buds abukeka aphikisiwe futhi avuliwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi angase avule nhlobo. Le nkathazo inezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ezithintekayo: violet, cyclamen, dahlia, chrysanthemum, i-geranium, i-fuchsia, i-begonia, i-petunia, i-daisy, i-azalea.
Isibungu se-turkestan spider
I-Turkestan Spider Web uphawu - usayizi wezinambuzane 0.3-0.6 mm, oluhlaza. Umbala ovamile ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka umphumela wokudla isisindo sezitshalo zezitshalo ezinezinto eziphezulu ze-chlorophyll.
Ubude besifazane yi-0.5-0.6 mm; ukuma kwethole kuhoxisiwe. Ama-overwinter ezinsikazi ezinqabeni ezincane ngokhula, amaqabunga awile, amaqabunga emagxolo. Ukuphila kwabo izinsuku eziyi-80. Indoda isincane kakhulu kunesifazana, ukuma kwethole kuphakanyisiwe, umbala uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Amaqabunga aphethwe yilesi sifo aphuzi futhi ahlanganiswe nama-cobwebs obukhulu. Kancane kancane, amaqabunga amaqabunga awonakele kahle. Ukulinganisela kwamanzi kuphazamiseka. I-photosynthesis esenqatshelwe. Amaqabunga aphelile. I-parasite ilimaza amakhabe nemifino, kanye nobhontshisi kanye nekotini.
Wide spider mite
Umswakama ophezulu kanye namazinga aphezulu okushisa abambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni isicabucabu esikhulu se-spider (iTarsonemus pallidus). Ukuqubuka okukhulu kungenzeka ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ngesikhathi sokuwa nezinyanga zasebusika. I-spider mite ivame ukutholakala kubhalsamu (sizobuyela embuzweni wokubhekana nayo).
Umzimba wale nkathazo uguquguqukile, uhlaza obala obala. Amantombazane angaphila kuze kuphele inyanga eyodwa futhi azalise ngaphandle kokulingana. Balala amaqanda 2-3 ngosuku ngamasonto amabili. Phakathi nomjikelezo wonke wokuphila, owesifazane oyedwa unamaqanda angama-16 ezindaweni ezinobumnyama emigodini nasezindaweni zesitshalo. Ziyi-oval, zibushelelezi. Izibungu ezimhlophe ziqhekeka ngezinsuku ezingu-2-3. Abantu abadala bashiya isiteji se-pupal emva kwezinsuku ezingu-5-7, futhi bathambekele ngokushesha. Bangakwazi ukuqedela umjikelezo wokuphila ngeviki elilodwa kuphela.
Ngamathe, ama-parasites aphikisayo i-toxin eyingozi esihlahleni. Amaqabunga aphikisiwe, anzima futhi aphikisiwe, kukhona ukumbozwa kwesibhaxa endaweni engezansi kwephepha. Ngokusakazeka kwe-parasite, amahlumela amancane esitshalo angase afe. Umonakalo ufana nokuphazamiseka okuvamile ekuthuthukiseni izitshalo.
Lezi zinambuzane ngokuvamile zidla izitshalo zezimbali. I-spider mite inezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ezithintekayo: i-violet, i-ageratum, i-begonia, i-chrysanthemum, i-cyclamen, i-dahlia, i-gerbera, i-gloxinia, i-hibiscus, i-jasmine, i-balsam, i-lantana, i-marigold, i-snapdragon, isi-zinnia. Ngezinye izikhathi umkhawulo omningi uphelela izitshalo ezifana ne-pepper, utamatisi, nama-legumes.
Ngenqwaba yezinambuzane kunconywa ukuthi uphefle izitshalo ngezilungiso ezinjalo zamakhemikhali njengo Fufanon, Bi-58, Tanrek, Alatar, Aktara, Aktellik, Karbofos kanye neFytoverm.
Amathiphu aphezulu we-Spider Mite
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho nabachwepheshe abathintekayo empini yokulwa nezibungu zesicabucabu, ukuhola Amanye amathiphu abalulekile okuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezitshalo kusuka kule nkathazo:
- Yiqiniso, indlela engcono kakhulu yokulawula izinambuzane ukuvimbela. Isitshalo esinempilo kuphela esingabuyisa ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane. Ukubuthakathaka kungaphezu kwamaphilisi. Qinisekisa ukugcina izitshalo ziphilile futhi izindawo ezizungeze zona zikhululekile ezinhlakalweni nasothuli. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi banikezwa ngamanzi anele. Ukuphalaza okusebenzayo nokwandisa ukuchelela kuzokusiza ukulawula izinga lokutheleleka. Amanzi agcina ama-parasites njengoba ekhetha indawo eshisayo. Izimo ezipholile nezimanzi zinciphisa izinga lokukhiqiza. Emoyeni ovulekile, izibungu zesicabucabu ziyasebenza entwasahlobo futhi zilale ebusika. Ingozi yezinambuzane ihlale iphakeme uma uhlala esifundeni esinamahlobo afudumele.
- Uma unquma ukusebenzisa ama-pesticides njengendlela yokulawula ngokumelene nezibungu zesicabucabu, njalo ulandele imiyalelo emiyalweni. Amanye ama-pesticides awahloselwe izitshalo zokudla. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-pesticide ayilimazi kubantu! Amafutha we-insecticidal asebenza ngokukhethekile. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe kokulawulwa kwamakhemikhali, thintana nomsebenzi wakho wendawo yokulima.
Indlela enhle yokubhekana nezinambuzane zasegadini ukusebenzisa izilwane ezinambuzane. Izigulane zinezitha zemvelo, kuhlanganise nezinambuzane ezidliwayo, ezingaba uhlobo lokulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngokujwayelekile sebenzisa ama-ladybugs. Badla imikhaza uma kungekho ezinye izinambuzane ezizungezile (isibonelo, ama-aphid). Kodwa-ke, ungayidluli ngenani lezinambuzane ezizuzisayo ezethulwa. Uma utshala ama-ladybirds ayizinkulungwane eziningana engadini yakho, bayodla konke, kuhlanganise nomusa wabo.
Indlela enhle yokubhekana nezinambuzane zasegadini ukusebenzisa izilwane ezinambuzane. Izigulane zinezitha zemvelo, kuhlanganise nezinambuzane ezidliwayo, ezingaba uhlobo lokulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngokujwayelekile sebenzisa ama-ladybugs. Badla imikhaza uma kungekho ezinye izinambuzane ezizungezile (isibonelo, ama-aphid). Kodwa-ke, ungayidluli ngenani lezinambuzane ezizuzisayo ezethulwa. Uma utshala ama-ladybirds ayizinkulungwane eziningana engadini yakho, bayodla konke, kuhlanganise nomusa wabo.Kubalulekile! Qaphela inani lemithi ye-pesticides esetshenzisiwe. Amakhemikhali avela ezinambuzaneni angakwazi ukubulala izinambuzane ezizuzisayo, kuyilapho izinambuzane ziyohamba kalula endaweni ephathwayo yezibulala-zinambuzane ziye endaweni ehlanzekile.Uma ungahlangabezane nesigungu sesicabucabu, qiniseka ukuthi wenza konke okusemandleni ukuvikela izitshalo zakho ozithandayo futhi uvimbele ukutheleleka.
