Ungafinyelela ukubukiswa okumangalisayo komhlaba ngokuhlela ngokucophelela ukubukeka komhlaba. Izitshalo kumele zibekwe kahle endaweni enamathafa, zinamathela ngokulandelana okuthile ukuze zingaphazamisi ukukhula ngakunye. Ukuthengwa kwezinto zokutshala kuyenziwa kucatshangelwa okutshale okukhona. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezintsha, bazama ukulondolozela izihlahla zabantu abadala nezihlahla eziphezulu, indawo lapho kufakwa izazi kochwepheshe be-dendroplan (imephu ye-topographic) ngendlela yezimpawu ezamukelwa ngokuvamile. Izitshalo ezingashadile, kanye namaqembu okutshala angenamsoco, anikezwa inombolo ehlukile, ekhonjiswe epulini, futhi ifakwe ohlwini lwama-akhawunti. Kulombhalo, igama lesitshalo ngasinye liyakhonjiswa, futhi zonke izakhiwo zalo nezimpawu zichazwa ngokuningiliziwe. Ukusuka ephepheni lokubala, ochwepheshe bazofunda mayelana nokuphakama kanye nokuqina kwesitshalo, ukuba khona komonakalo, amagatsha omile kanye nesimbobo. Lolu lwazi lukuvumela ukuthi uhlaziye isitshalo ngasinye futhi usiveze ngenani lokulinganisa. Okulandelayo, umbuzo wokugawulwa kwamahlathi okuvimbela ukwakhiwa uyanqunywa, futhi kuhlelwa ukutshala kwabameleli abasha bomhlaba wezitshalo.
Yini enquma isidingo se-dendroplane?
Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi, kanye nokudluliselwa kwezikhala eziluhlaza eziwela emkhakheni wentuthuko noma wokwakhiwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, kungenzeka kuphela ngemvume yezindikimba zikahulumeni ezibhekele ukulawulwa kwezinkinga emkhakheni wezokulawulwa kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, lapho kudizayina imisebenzi yokwakha, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zocwaningo lwensimu eyakhiwe, izifundo ezi-dendrological nazo zenziwa, ngenxa yalokho kuvela kwe-dendroplan yendawo. Lo mbhalo, kanye nephepha lokubala, uhanjiswa ezinhlakeni zombuso ezilawulayo, ezinikeza umbono kanye nethikithi lokuwa, elivumela ukusika izikhala eziluhlaza noma ukubuyisela okunye esikhundleni salo.
Ukugawula izihlahla escebeni sengadi kwenziwa ngemvumo yeziphathimandla ezilawula ukuqaliswa kokusetjenziswa kwemithethonqubo yezemvelo yizakhamizi zakuleliya lizwe, ngokuya nge-dendroplane kanye nesitatimende sokudlulisa
Kuzo zonke izitshalo ezonakalisiwe futhi zonakaliswa ngesikhathi somsebenzi, umakhi kufanele akhokhele inani eligcwele lesinxephezelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nkampani yenza umsebenzi wokubamba ngezimpawu zomhlaba, ezenzelwe ukunxephezela umonakalo kanye nokulimala kwemvelo.
Ukubekwa phansi komhlaba nokutshala kwesakhiwo sengadi ngeke kwenziwe ngaphandle kokuthi ochwepheshe bahlanganise i-dendroplan enekhono. Uhlelo lokutshala lakhiwa kwikhompyutha ezinhlelweni ezikhethekile, futhi amabanga asezingeni elijwayelekile phakathi kwezimbazo zezitshalo nesakhiwo esikhona empeleni ayaqashelwa. Izikhathi ezivunyelwe phakathi kwezingxenye eziseduzane zezikhala eziluhlaza nazo ziyabonakala ngaphandle kokwehluleka.
Ukuhlolwa kwesihlahla okwenziwe ngezihlahla esihlalweni sengadi kwenziwa ngochwepheshe abahlola amasimu esihlahla futhi bangene endaweni yabo e-dendroplan
I-dendroplan eyenziwe ngesikhathi esifanele ikuvumela ukuthi ugweme amaphutha ngesikhathi sokuklanywa komhlaba futhi uvikele izindleko ezingadingekile. Ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo ezihleliwe zokwenza ngcono insimu nakho kuyashesha, ngoba umsebenzi wenziwa ngokusobala ngokuya nge-dendroplan yesakhiwo sengadi.
Isikali se-topographic kanye nemihlangano
Isilinganiso se-dendroplane 1: 500 sisho ukuthi amamitha amahlanu wesakhiwo esisebalazweni aboniswa njengesigaba samasentimitha. Lapho kuthuthukiswa amaphrojekthi wokuklanywa komhlaba, imidwebo eyenziwe ngesilinganiso esikhudlwana (1: 100 noma 1: 200) ingasetshenziswa. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubonise isihlahla ngasinye futhi ukhombise izinhlobo zawo, ukuphakama, nobubanzi besiqu.
I-dendroplan yesakhiwo sengadi, eyenziwe ngochwepheshe esikalini esingu-1: 100, ngesichasiso esinemininingwane, esibonisa amagama ezitshalo ezisetshenzisiwe ekuhlobiseni insimu
Ukufaka isicelo ku-dendroplane, eyenziwe esikalini esingu-1: 500, sokhuni ne-shrubbery, kusetshenziswa izimpawu ezikhethekile - imibuthano, ububanzi bayo obungu-3 mm. Uma umdwebo ulayishwa kakhulu, khona-ke ububanzi beziyingi buyancipha bube ngu-2 mm. Ukugcina imithetho yokuqamba i-dendroplane, gqamisa ngombala noma isiyingi esingeziwe sedayimane elikhudlwana ikakhulukazi izihlahla ezibaluleke kakhulu, ezinesisekelo, esingokomlando nezinsika.
- Uma umbuthano ungadwetshwanga ngaphezulu ku-dendroplane, khona-ke lo muthi kufanele ugcinwe.
- Uma umbuthano usugcwele isigamu, khona-ke umuthi omkhulu obukhulu uzodinga ukuthungwa.
- Uma umbuthano upendwe ngokuphelele, khona-ke lesi sihlahla singaphansi kokugawulwa.
Izihlahla ezinemidwebo eminingi, njengezihlahla ezinoxhaxha olulodwa, zifanekiselwa ohlelweni lokulinganisa lwesakhiwo sengadi njengombuthano owodwa. Amaqembu ezihlahlana nezihlahla angamelelwa ohlelweni ngesimo semibuthano ehlukile noma ngesimo se-oval, ehlala emephini, ebheka isikali, isikhala esiningi njengasesakhiweni. Lapho wenza ukudubula kwesihlahla, ukuzikhulula kanye namahlumela kubonakaliswa yi-contour, njengesihlahla, ungakhohlwa ukwaba inombolo ye-serial.
Kubalulekile! Lapho udlulisela kwi-topoplan izitshalo ezikhona ngesimo semibuthano, iphutha elilingana no-millimeter owodwa esikalini somdwebo livunyelwe. Emhlabathini, lokhu kulingana nengxenye yemitha.
Ngezansi kwezibonelo ezimbalwa ze-dendroplan yezingadi engadini, okuyimiklamo yokwakha etholakala endaweni enezikhala nezikhala eziluhlaza ezibhalwe kule nkcitho.
I-dendroplan yendawo engaphansi kwedolobha, ebhalwe ngezinombolo emibuthanweni ebomvu yesakhiwo, futhi izitebe ezibhalwe ekuchazweni zibaliwe emibuthanweni emnyama
Isibonelo se-dendroplane yenye indawo esezingeni eliphansi, ngesikhathi kusungulwa ezinye izimpawu ezisetshenzisiwe. Ikakhulu, izakhiwo zibalwa ngezinombolo zamaRoma.
Khumbula ukuthi i-spruce, fir ne-yew bakhetha ukukhula emthunzini, ngezinga elanele lomswakama kanye nezimo ezishisayo, ezingenazo izinguquko ezingazelelwe zamanani okushisa. Lapho utshala i-barberry ne-cotoneaster, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lezi zihlahlana zidinga ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi. Izikhala zomswakama kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa njalo kunomthelela omuhle enhlalakahleni yalezi zitshalo.
Iziphi izinto ezibhekwa ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka?
Kusukela ekubumbeni nasekuzibophezeleni kwabadwebuli bemvelo ababambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwe-dendroplane, ubuhle bokuqanjwa kwendawo buya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, ukubukeka kwendawo kufanele kuthuthuke. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukutshala kufanele kutshalwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo zokukhula kwazo okuqhubekayo nokukhula okunempilo. Uhlelo lokutshala lwenziwa kucatshangelwa usayizi wezihlahla zezihlahla zabantu abadala, izikhathi zezimbali nezinye izimo. Lapho bethuthukisa i-dendroplane nokuhlelela okutshala okuzayo, ochwepheshe bacabanga ngezinto eziningi.
- Izici zenhlabathi nezimo zezulu esifundeni. Ukukhethwa kwezitshalo kwenziwa kucatshangelwa lezi zimo, uma kungenjalo akunakufinyeleleka ekubukekeni kwezimbali kwako konke ukutshala. Ukunakwa kudonswa esidingweni sezitshalo somswakama, ukukhanya, ukushisa. Umbono wangempela womhlaba nawo ubalulekile.
- Ukuvumelana Izitshalo ezikhethiwe zokutshala kufanele zilungele imvelo, kanye nobudala kanye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezake zakhiwa noma zakhiwa kabusha endaweni. Ngosizo lwezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nangendlela yendawo yazo, ungatjheja umdwebo wezinto ngazinye ezitholakala esizeni. Kungenzeka uzuze ukuvumelana nobunjalo bemvelo ngenxa yenhlangano ekhethekile yesikhala esenziwa ngosizo lwezitshalo ezihlelekile nezisemqoka.
- Ukuvumelana. Ukuziba lesi sici ngayo yonke inkanuko, ngeke kusebenze, ngoba imithetho yokuhambisana isebenza ezweni lezitshalo. Ngokulandela ukuthobela, amakhophi abo asondelene nawo ahambisana ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, i-spruce ihlangana kahle nomlotha wentaba, i-birch noma i-hazel. Umakhelwane wepayini angaba i-oki noma i-juniper. I-Larch ihlala ndawonye ngefir and rose okhalweni.
- Ukutholakala Lapho ukutshala izitshalo kunikeza inkululeko yokufinyelela kubo ukunakekelwa okulandelayo. Awungeke uvumele ukuguguleka kokutshala, uzama ukutshala izinhlobo nezinhlobo zezitshalo eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka esizeni. Ngale ndlela, akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukubukeka okuhle kwendawo ebunjiwe.
- Isikhathi sonyaka Ukunikeza isiza ukubukeka okuqhakaza ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka, naka isikhathi sezimbali zezitshalo ezitshaliwe. Ezinye izitayela zokwakheka komhlaba zibonisa uhlelo oluthile lombala ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sengadi. Ukukhetha izitshalo ezingathembeki, unganciphisa ukugcinwa kwengadi, ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ukuheha kwesiza. Enye yalezi zitshalo i-rose yasendle, ehlobisa insimu isikhathi eside ngenxa yokuqhakaza kwayo okude.
- Izindleko zokuqothuka komhlaba. Isabelomali sephrojekthi, sibalwa kusetshenziswa uhlu lwe-assortment, kuya ngamakhono wezezimali wekhasimende. Ngakho-ke, inani lokuxhaswa kwezimali nalo kufanele libhekwe lapho kudonswa umhlaba futhi kudlalwa umhlaba.
Kungcono ukubhekana nokulungiswa kwe-dendroplan yensimu nokugcwalisa isitatimende sokudlulisa kukhompyutha. Lapho usebenzisa isoftware eyenziwe ngomumo, ochwepheshe bayakwazi ukuhlanganisa ngokushesha uhlelo lwangempela lwamasayithi necebo lokufika. Ngokufaka amamodeli, ungabikezela ukubukeka kwensimu ngemuva kwenkathi ethile yesikhathi bese ubona okutshalekile encotsheni yenhliziyo yabo.
Imithetho yokulungiswa kohlu lwe-assortment
Lapho uhlela ukutshala esiqeshini sengadi, kufakwa uhla lwe-assortment ku-dendroplan, lubala zonke izitshalo ezithengiwe. Lo mbhalo ukuvumela ukuthi wenze isabelomali sephrojekthi, sivumele zonke izinto zezindleko zokuthengwa kwezinto ezidingekayo zokutshala. Lapho ugcwalisa uhlu lwe-assortment, izitshalo zihlelwa ngamaqembu ngokulandelana okuthile. Ekuqaleni kohlu kukhombisa amaConifers nezihlahlana. Bese kufika ithuba lezihlahla zezithelo nezihlahla. Ngemuva kokwenza zonke izitshalo eziqabulayo, futhi emva kwazo - imivini.
Uhlu lwe-assortment kumele lubonise igama eliphelele lesitshalo, kufaka phakathi isiLatin, kanye nenombolo edingekayo yokutshala kwezinhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimfanelo zezitshalo, njengokuphakama, umqhele wokuqagela, izici zokuhlobisa, uhlelo lwempande oluhlukahlukene, njll., Ziboniswa ohlwini lwe-assortment.
Ukulondolozwa kwezimila ezinamapunga nezihlahla ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwezindawo kungenzeka ngesifundo esinobuchule sendawo kanye nokulungiswa kwe-dendroplane eshidi lokubala
Ekuphetheni, singasho ukuthi i-dendroplan, ethuthukiswa ngochwepheshe ababheka izidingo zalolu hlobo lwedokhumenti, ikuvumela ukuthi uhlele kahle izinto ezakhiwayo, ngenkathi kulondolozwa izihlahla nezihlahlana ezikhula esizeni. Lokhu kuzothinta ukwehliswa kwezindleko zezezimali ezidingekayo lapho kuhlelwa ukusikwa kwezitshalo nomsebenzi owalandelayo ekunciphiseni umhlaba. Ukulungiswa kwemisila kuhlinzeka ngendlela enengqondo ekubukweni kwemvelo, okugcina izimila ezinempilo ezinamapulangwe ngendlela yayo yobuntombi. Lokhu kukhulisa ukuheha isiza futhi kunciphise (noma kuqede ngokuphelele) ukuthengwa, ukulethwa kanye nokufika kwezitshalo ezinkulu.
