I-Autoclave yokucubungula ukudla

Sekuyisikhathi eside ama-autoclave asetshenziselwa ezindaweni eziningi: imithi, i-cosmetology, nezimboni ezihlukahlukene, kodwa iningi liyaziwa namadivaysi okulondolozwa ekhaya. Njengoba unikezwe ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ephekwe kuzo, ukuthandwa okunjalo akumangazi. Abaningi banesithakazelo ekuthengeni noma ekwakheni indlela efanayo yokusetshenziswa kwekhaya, ngakho-ke namhlanje sizoxoxa ngezinzuzo nezinkinga zokukhethwa okuthengwe nokwenza ekhaya.

Okuqukethwe:

• Isimiso sokusebenza nesakhiwo sedivaysi
• Izinhlobo zama-autoclaves
• Ugesi
• Igesi
• Izinzuzo zokupheka izikhala ezimotweni
• Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa
• Indlela yokushisa
• Izinyathelo zokuphepha uma usebenza ne-autoclave
• I-Autoclave DIY
• Ukukhethwa kwemingcele edingekayo yomthamo
• Sesha amathuluzi adingekayo nezesekeli
• Izigaba eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza
• Ukubuyekeza

Iyini i-autoclave?

Ama-Autoclave - ama-apparatus afakwe uphawu olumakhemikhali wokunakekelwa kokushisa. Ukupheka, isetshenziselwa ukupheka inyama, inhlanzi, imifino, kanye nezithelo zokudla okusemathinini okwezinga eliphezulu (4.5-5.5 atm.) Ukucindezela kwezulu nokufuthekela ku-120 ... 125 ° C. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imikhiqizo ingahle ilungiselelwe kokubili ezigumbini kanye neziqukathi ze-tin.

Uyazi? Umbukiso we-autoclave uvela ngo-1679 sibonga isazi sezibalo sesiFulentshi nomsunguli uDenis Papen.

Isimiso sokusebenza nesakhiwo sedivaysi

Idivayisi ye-autoclave ilula kakhulu, isekelwe emithethweni eyaziwayo ye-physics. Ngokuhambisana nabo, uketshezi ngamunye unomqondo owodwa wokubilisa, emva kokufinyelela lapho ukushisa okungeke kwenzeke khona akunakwenzeka. Ngamanzi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, leli phuzu liyi-100 ° C. Uma ufinyelela kuloluphawu, amanzi abe yisithamela futhi kule fomu ushiya indawo yokushisa. Ukwakheka kwe-steam ebizwa ngokuthi kubilayo. I-steam iqala ukuvela ekushiseni kwe-90 ° C, futhi eseduze no-100 ° C, isishusha esengeziwe. Uma ubilisa amanzi isikhathi eside, konke kuzokwanda. Kodwa-ke, uma ingcindezi yanda endaweni yokushisa, khona-ke iphuzu lokubilisa lizokhuphuka futhi lifike kufika ku-100 ° C, amanzi azobe eseba yisithambile, kodwa iningi lalo lizoqhubeka nokubonakala kwe-liquid. Kulo mgomo ukuthi ama-autoclaves asebenza:

1. Amanzi kuwo akhonyiswa esimweni sokubunjwa kwesitimu.
2. Ngenxa yesimo esivaliwe se-tank, i-steam ayikwazi ukushiya umkhawulo we-autoclave futhi yandisa ingcindezi kuyo.
3. Lapho ingcindezi ikhuphuka, amanzi aphuza kancane kancane, agcina isimo se-liquide eside, noma kunjalo, izinga lokushisa elikhuphukeni.

Ngenxa yalokho, idivayisi inezinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-100 ° C, elilimaza amabhaktheriya ahlukahlukene awonayo nezinambuzane ezincane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukudla okusemathinini kulungiselelwe ngaphansi kwethempelini yokushisa, okuyinto ekhuphuka kakhulu inqubo futhi ithuthukise ukunambitheka kwabo.

Izinhlobo zama-autoclaves

Ama-autoclave angachazwa ngokulandela imigomo eminingi:

• kuye ngokuthi ifomu: eliqondile, elingezansi, ikholomu;
• esekelwe endaweni yendawo yokusebenza: ejikelezayo, eguqa, engahambelani.

Nokho, abathengi banesithakazelo emithonjeni yamandla okushisa i-autoclave. Ngalesi simo, amadivaysi ahlukaniswe kagesi negesi.

Funda ukuthi ungagcina kanjani amagilebhisi, iklabishi, ithanga, amazambane, ama-apula, ikhabe, izaqathe, ukhukhamba kanye anyanisi ebusika.

Ugesi

Ukufudumala kwala madivaysi kunika izici zokushisa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, ezinikezwe inethiwekhi. Izinzuzo zamamodeli kagesi zihlanganisa:

• inqubo yokupheka esheshayo;
• ukutholakala kwe-thermostat okugcina ngokuzenzakalelayo ukushisa okufunayo kuleli tangi;
• indlela elula yokumboza, ukuvala okulingene ukuvula isikrini esisodwa;
• ukuhamba. Idivayisi ingafakwa kunoma iyiphi indawo uqobo.

Kuthengiswa namhlanje kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-autoclaves. Phakathi kwamamodeli asebhajethi athandwayo ahlanganisa:

• "Izingane ezingenalutho" ECU "22 l;
• "Baby El Nerg." ngamalitha ayi-22;
• "Hamba." ngamalitha ayi-22;
• "I-Conservative" 46 amalitha.

Igesi

Ama-autoclaves kagesi namuhla athengeka kakhulu ngoba alahlekelwa ukuthandwa ku-kagesi. Basebenza kusuka kuphethiloli negesi kagesi, nabo bavunyelwe ukusebenzisa emlilweni. Amadivaysi kagesi athengiswa ngemikhakha ehlukahlukene kanye namamodeli, phakathi kwawo oku:

• "Conservative" (14 l);
• i-autoclave yakudala (17 l) ТМ "Ukushisa okuhle";
• "Baby GazNerzh-U" (22 l).

Uyazi? Ukudla kokuqala okusemathinini kubonakala eGibhithe lasendulo. Zazihlanganisa ama-duck othosiwe emafutheni omnqumo, afakwa ezitsheni zobumba ezingamatshumi amabili, eziboshwe nge-resin.

Izinzuzo zokupheka izikhala ezimotweni

Ngomuntu omusha wokumisa, ukusebenza nge-autoclave kubonakala kunzima futhi kuyinde. Kodwa lokhu kuvela ngenxa yokungabi nakho okuhlangenwe nakho. Kuyafaneleka ukuzama kanye kuphela - futhi kuzocaca ukuthi izinzuzo zendlela enjalo zibaluleke ngaphezu kokungalungi kwazo.

Okusemathinini amakhowe asebusika, ama-chanterelles, ama-cherry, i-peas, ukhukhamba, utamatisi, ama-blueberries, ubhontshisi obuluhlaza, ama-cherry kanye ne-ikhabethe.

Futhi uhlu lwama-autoclaves ekhaya luhle kakhulu:

• kuthatha imizuzu engu-30-40 ukulayisha idivayisi: gcwalisa izimbiza uzifake esitsheni, bese inqubo yokupheka ingena ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza komuntu;
• ngesikhathi esisodwa ulungiselelwe kusuka emathini angama-14 ngevolumu ye-0.5 l (emodeli encane kunazo zonke) nokuningi;
• ukupheka emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-100 ° C kubhubhisa amabhaktheriya angama-pathogenic nezinhlamvu, eziholwa yi-agent engumphumela we-botulism;
• njengoba izinambuzane sezibhujisiwe, impilo yesheluli yemikhiqizo eqedile yanda izikhathi eziningana;
• ngenxa yokushisa okufanayo okufanayo, ukudla kuphekwe ngokushesha, kuyilapho kugcinwa amavithamini amaningi namaminerali kunokuba kuphekwe ngokujwayelekile noma ukubhaka;
• ngoba ukudla okusemathinini kunomsoco emanzini ayo emgodini owodwa ovalwe uphawu, le ndlela yokupheka ibonakala iyona ewusizo kakhulu.

Kubalulekile! Izindleko zokuthenga umshini ukhokhela ngonyaka ka-1-2.

I-autoclaving e-autoclave ihlukanisa ukudla kwakho kwasebusika ngezingubo ezidliwayo futhi isindisa isabelomali somndeni.

Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa

Ngaphambi kokuqala, landela le mithetho:

• hlamba izimbiza ngaphambi kokugcwalisa, kodwa ungabhubhisi;
• ukugcwalisa isitsha ngokudla, shiya u-2-3 cm we-stock ukuze imikhiqizo ingakhuphuka ngevolumu ngesikhathi sokushisa;
• amabhange aqala ukufakwa ekhasethi (uma kukhona idivayisi ekucwangcisweni), bese i-cassette incishiswa ku-autoclave;
• kuvunyelwe ukubeka isitsha emigqeni eminingana, kodwa isitsha esisodwa kwesinye;
• ngenkathi ugcwalisa amanzi, lawula izinga layo: kufanele kube ngu-3-4 cm ephakeme kunomugqa ophezulu wesitsha, kodwa ungangeni emkhawulweni wekhamera ye-autoclave ngo-5-6 cm;
• vala isembozo ngokuqinile.

Yenza umusi wokushisa oshisayo kanye nezinkuni zokhuni ukubhema ngezandla zakho.

Indlela yokushisa

Amabhange abeka ngamanzi kuphela (amanzi angama-60 ° C). Uma esitsheni sesivele sinemifino eshisayo nezithelo ngokusho iresiphi, khona-ke izinga lokushisa kwamanzi ku-autoclave kufanele okungenani libe ngu-70 ... 90 ° С. Emva kokufaka amathini nokuvala isembozo, qala ukushisa ekushiseni okufunayo.

Kubalulekile! Izinga kanye nesikhathi sokubangela inzalo kuxhomeke kumkhiqizo nomthamo wesitsha.

Imiyalo ye-autoclave ngayinye yizikhombisi zabo, kodwa izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lemikhakha ethile yokudla okusemathinini lingatholakala kuthebula:

Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina nokulondolozwa kwayo okuqhubekayo kuxhomeke ngokuqondile ekuhambisaneni nombuso wokushisa kanye nesikhathi sokupheka esidingekayo.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha uma usebenza ne-autoclave

I-autoclave isebenza ngamazinga aphezulu okushisa, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuhlela kahle umsebenzi wayo ngokuphepha:

• Hlala uhlala ezingeni elifudumele elichazwe iresiphi. Ukudlula kwalo kuvunyelwe kuphela ngo-2 ° C, hhayi ngaphezulu;
• isikhathi sokuzala (ngokupheka ngokuqondile umkhiqizo) kubhekwa kusukela ngesikhathi sokushisa ku-autoclave kufinyelelwe, okudingekayo ukupheka, hhayi kusukela ngesikhathi idivayisi ivuliwe noma isitsha sesifakiwe;
• inhlanzi kanye nenyama ukudla okusemathinini kungcono ukulungiswa ngamathini kuze kufike ku-2 amalitha;
• Uma ubhaja imvu noma inyama yenkomo emaphakathi, yandisa inqubo ngemizuzu engu-15-20;
• I-fish fish ibuye ilungiswe imizuzu engu-15-20 ende kunokuba iboniswe ekuphekeni kwezinhlanzi zasolwandle;
• ukuhambisana nokushisa okudingekayo kanye nobude bokupheka;
• Ekupheleni kwenqubo, cisha ukushisa bese uqala ukupholisa ucingo. Ukuze uthole amadivayisi kagesi, lokhu kuyadingeka ukhiphe amanzi ngokusebenzisa iphampu, nangenxa kagesi - ukulinda isignali yomsindo;
• futhi ngokuphepha, khipha ukucindezelwa nge-check valve.
• ukudonsa ukugoba ngaphakathi kwekhasethi. Uma iguquzela ekamelweni lokushisa, ungakwazi ukukhulula isitsha kuso.

Uyazi? AmaRoma asendulo abe yiwayini lokuqala lomkhiqizo ekheniwe. Senenator UMarc Portia Cato Omdala komunye wemisebenzi yakhe uchaze indlela yokukhipha isiphuzo unyaka wonke.

I-Autoclave DIY

I-autoclave idizayini elula, abadwebi abaningi kangaka benza ngezandla zabo ekhaya. Uma unesithakazelo kumqondo ofanayo, ke unake imiyalo elandelayo.

Ukukhethwa kwemingcele edingekayo yomthamo

Into yokuqala okudingayo ukunquma ngesimo sedivaysi yesikhathi esizayo. Inketho ethembekile futhi engabizi ngalesi simo ibhodlela le-propane elisetshenzisiwe. Unesimo esifanelekayo se-cylindrical, futhi ubukhulu bodonga bungaphezu kuka-3 mm, okuvumela ukuba imelane nokucindezela okukhulu. Njengoba ezinye izindlela ziphinde zibheke:

• izicima umlilo zezimboni;
• amathini amata;
• amapayipi ensimbi anezindonga ezinzima.

Kulesi simo, okukhethwa kukho kokubili kuzomele kuqiniseke phansi, ngaphandle kwalokho i-unit ngeke isinde inzalo yesikhathi eside. Ngokuqondene nomthamo, konke kunomuntu lapha: i-14-litre ingangena ebhodini le-24 litre elinama-0.5 amalitha noma i-5 litre yamandla, ibhodlela lama-50 litre (okuzoxoxwa ngazo ngaphezulu) lihlanganisa amathini angama-8 we-2 litre ngalinye.

Sesha amathuluzi adingekayo nezesekeli

Ngaphandle kwekhamera yesikhathi esizayo ye-autoclave, sidinga futhi izingxenye namathuluzi engeziwe wokufaka kwabo. Umsebenzi uzoba usizo:

• Isi-Bulgarian;
• ukugoqa;
• i-inverter ye-welding.

Lungiselela kusuka kumininingwane:

• ishidi elincane le-carbon eliphansi (10 mm) lesembozo;
• ngentamo - ucezu lwepayipi F159 ngobukhulu obuyi-5 mm;
• Ishidi lamamitha ayi-3 noma umshini wensimbi ngendima yelungu elizayo;
• uma uhlela ukukala ukucindezela nokushisa (kunconywa), bese uthatha amabhulogi we-gauge ye-pressure kanye ne-thermometer;
• Izingcezu ezingu-8 I-M12 bolts nama nati;
• isisindo somuntu ngqo kanye ne-thermometer;
• i-valve yokuphepha.

Kubalulekile! Ukudala ukucindezela ngokweqile emzimbeni kuzodinga ukufaka i-valve ekamelweni lezimoto.

Izigaba eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza

Manje - umhlangano wangempela usebenza ngokwayo:

1. Beka i-billet engenalutho bese ulahla i-crane endala (uma ungeke uyikhiphe, yiphonsa phezulu).
2. Okulandelayo, uma kwenzeka, udinga ukugcwalisa i-billet phezulu ngamanzi ukuze ususe izinsalela zegesi.
3. Bese usika "isikhwama" esiphakeme eceleni kwesigxobo se-cylinder bese wenza ukuvulelwa kwe-valve, i-manometer futhi ufanelwe i-thermometer kuyo.
4. Manje faka phansi phansi ensimbi ngezansi bese uyilungisa nge-welding.
5. Ukwenza intamo: uthathe indandatho ye-F159 ngokuphakama kwama-40 mm kanye nobubanzi obunembiza engu-2-litre. Hlanza, uyibeke phezu kwesivinini uma kunesidingo. Ukuze kufaneke kahle, hlola isicaba sayo esibukweni.
6. Yehlisa intamo phansi kwe-"cap" ngaphambili, uthathe uhlaka lwayo bese usika umcibisholo owufunayo.
7. Faka indandatho yekhalenda bese uyifaka "esikhwameni" zombili zombili.
8. Manje udinga ukwenza ikhava. Kumele kudlule ekuvuleni kwentamo. Ngezansi ukuze uvikele isitifiketi senjoloba kanye nesigcawu se-3 mm, ukuze kube lula ukufaka isikhwama.
9. Thumela zonke izinto ezingxenyeni ze-sandblasting, bese weld "cap" kakhulu emuva kwilinda.
10. Izibambo ze-weld nama-nozzles ku-tank.
11. Beka i-valve yokuphepha ngakwesobunxele, i-gauge ye-pressure kanye ne-thermometer ngakwesokudla.

I-autoclave yethu ilungile, manje kuyadingeka ukuyihlola ngaphambi komsebenzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, gqoka wonke amalunga nge-sese namanzi bese uphakamisa ingcindezi ngaphakathi ku-atm angu-8. Uma kukhona ama-bubbles, kusho ukuthi ukwelusa kuwuhlobo olubi, kuyadingeka ukuqedela. Kungcono ukwenza inzalo yokuqala ku-autoclave entsha emgwaqweni njengoba iphunga elinamandla lingenzeka.

Fish inhlanzi ekhaya.

I-autoclave indlela enhle yokugcina amavithamini wonyaka isikhathi eside futhi ulondoloze imali yakho. Akudingi isikhathi esiningi sokunakekelwa, futhi imiphumela yomsebenzi wakhe idlula konke okulindelwe. Ngisho noma ungalondoloza kancane, usathatha ithuba lokunciphisa inqubo, vele uthathe imodeli ngevolumu encane. Njengoba uzame kanye nemikhiqizo elungiselelwe ku-autoclave, ngeke ubuyele kumakhansela avamile noma esitolo.

Ividiyo: i-autoclave ye-DIY

Ukubuyekeza