I-apricot ibilokhu ibhekwa njengesitshalo se-thermophilic. Abafuyi basebenze isikhathi eside kulinywe izinhlobo ezingabekezelela ubusika futhi bathele izithelo enkabeni yeRussia, eCentral Black Soil naseSifundeni SaseMoscow. Manje abalimi banama-apricots aqine ebusika angatshalwa ezifundeni lapho bengakaze benze njalo. Enye yazo izinhlobonhlobo zeMpumelelo.
Izinhlobo zama-apricot Impumelelo
Ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kufinyelela ngokuphelele kufinyelela egameni laso. Ngesembozo seqhwa esinganele, ingabanda, kepha isheshe iphole. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, lesi sitshalo sihlupheka kakhulu hhayi eqandeni, kodwa ngenxa yokungabikho kwaso. I-Apricot inesikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokuhlala, futhi ngamawele isikhathi eside ngoFebhuwari, ukugeleza kokuqala kungaqala. Ukwehliswa okulandelayo kwezinga lokushisa kubhubhisa izinhlobo eziningi, kodwa Impumelelo inokuqina kobusika obuhle, kanti nezimbali ziyabekezelela ukubanda kwesikhathi eside.
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esincane (kufinyelela kumamitha amathathu) kwenza lula ukunakekela, umqhele awutheni kakhulu. Impumelelo yokuthola izithelo iqala ngonyaka wesine emva kokutshala. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, isivuno sivuthwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, ezinsukwini eziyi-12-15 ngaphambili - esifundeni Esimaphakathi Somhlaba. Izithelo ezinesiqu esifushane zinamathela ngokoqobo kumagatsha. Zincane ngosayizi kunezinhlobonhlobo eziseningizimu, zingama-25-30 g kuphela, kepha zinambitheke kahle dessert. Isikhumba siphuzi-orange esine-blush ne-velvety pubescence. I-pulp iminyene, ibuthaka ngokuqinile. Itshe alinankinga, libanjwa kalula. Izithelo zintsha futhi zilungele ukucubungulwa.
Izithelo ze-apricot. Impumelelo incane, kepha ukunambitheka okuhle.
Ukukhetha indawo nokutshala i-apricot
Sikhetha indawo yalesi sitshalo esivikelwe emimoyeni futhi ikhanya kahle yilanga. Kungcono uma isiza sisegqumeni ukuvimbela ukuxhumana nezimpande ngamanzi aphansi komhlaba.
Ezindaweni eziphansi, i-apricot ingatshalwa “egqumeni” (indunduma yenhlabathi evundile engaba ngu-0.5 m ukuphakama kanye nama-2 m ububanzi).
Ezindaweni eziphansi, i-apricot itshalwa egqumeni elenzelwe amanzi amancane angaphansi komhlaba ukuthi awasondele ezimpandeni
Ukuhambisana kwe-apricot nezinye izihlahla kufanele kubhekwe. Imbewu yamapome (i-apula, i-pearl, i-quince) nezithelo zamatshe (ama-cherries, ama-cherries, ama-plums, ama-plums e-cherry) ngeke ayithinte uma ikhula ibanga le-4-5 m, ama-berry bush (ama-raspberries, currants) kufanele abekwe kude. I-Apricot ngeke ihambisane nepiki.
Eminyakeni yama-80s yekhulu lokugcina, umama watshala ama-walnuts amane, kuwo kwahluma eyodwa kuphela. Ngaleso sikhatsi, abengati kutsi sihlahla lesi sitawuba sikhulu kangakanani, nekutsi sitsintsa njani letinye titjalo. Isithombo sidluliselwe engadini, eduze kocingo, kwathi i-apricot yatshalwa amamitha ayisithupha eminyakeni emibili edlule. Ngokushesha kwacaca ukuthi i-nati icindezela konke okusemandleni. Futhi lapho efinyelela ngaphezulu kwe-apricot, izinguquko ezinkulu zaqala ukwenzeka ngalezo ezalandela. Inani lezithelo laqala ukuncipha, isiqu saphambuka, amagatsha asuka kude ne-nati. I-apricot yaqala ukubuna, yomile, futhi kwadingeka isuswe.
Ukutshala kwenziwa kangcono ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwesix. Ungakwenza lokhu ekuqaleni kwekwindla, kepha endaweni ephakathi neRussia noma izithombo zesifunda saseMoscow ngeke zibe nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande futhi zivuthwe kahle ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Kungcono ukulungiselela umgodi ekwindla. Kuze kube sentwasahlobo, umhlaba uzoncipha, ngakho-ke ngeke kube khona ukujula kwentamo yezimpande, engathandeki kakhulu kunoma yisiphi isihlahla.
Izici Zokufika:
- I-Apricot ithanda inhlabathi evundile, evulekile. Inhlabathi yobumba esindayo ingathuthukiswa ngokungeza isihlabathi ne-peat (1: 1: 1). Ububanzi bomgodi kufanele bube yi-60-70 cm, ukujula - 70-80 cm. Ukuze kudonswe amanzi, uthele ungqimba lwesitena esibhidlikile noma esibhidlikile (7-10 cm), ngaphezulu kwawo kuyintaba yengxube yenhlabathi yengadi nomquba womquba noma womquba (2: 1) ngokufakwa kumanyolo wezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi (ngokwemiyalo).
Ukudonswa emgodini kokwehla kwe-apricot kuyadingeka
- Cishe i-15-20 cm ukusuka enkabeni yomgodi, sibeka isigxobo esingu-50-60 cm ukuphakama kwezithombo zezimbali.
- Sihlola izimpande zesitshalo, kumele zibe nokudlanga, nokunwebeka, onsundu okhanyayo. Sika izixhumi ezikhubazekile noma ezilimele. Ukusinda okungcono ngaphambi kokutshala, sibeka lesi sitshalo emanzini ngesikhuphula izimpande amahora amaningi (ngokwemiyalo).
- Sifaka i-seedling enkabeni yomgodi, siqonde izimpande bese silele ngengxenye yenhlabathi. Yichoboza kancane bese uthela amabhakede amabili amanzi.
Izimpande ezisemgodini kufanele ziqonde
- Ngemuva kokufaka inhlabathi esele, uthele ngaphansi kwesithombo, uyihlanganise bese wenza uhlangothi lomgodi.
- Uma unesitshalo esinohlelo lwezimpande oluvaliwe, lapho-ke sisikhipha esitsheni ngesigaxa sobumba, sikubeke emgodini, sikugcwalise ngenhlabathi futhi sikunisele.
- Qiniseka ukuthi intamo yezimpande ayijulile. Kusukela ebusweni bomhlabathi, kufanele ibekwe endaweni ephakeme ngo-3-5 cm.
Intamo yempande ayikwazi ukujula
- Sibopha isihlahla ukusekela, bese mulch umhlaba.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi utshala izitshalo eziningana, khona-ke ibanga phakathi kwazo kufanele libe ngu-3-4 m.
Ukuthenga izithombo
Izitshalo kufanele zithengwe kubathengisi abathembekile. Abahlengikazi banikeza izitshalo ezineminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala. Uhlelo lwezimpande kufanele lwakhiwe kahle, lungabi lomisiwe, ngaphandle kokubola; amagxolo - ansundu, acwebezelayo, ngaphandle kwezilonda.
Ukuze wandise ukuqina kwe-apricot ebusika, kuhlanganiswe kuwo iplamu noma iplamu stock. Lapho ukhetha isitshalo, unake lokhu.
Muva nje, kunezithombo eziningi ezithengiswayo ngohlelo lwempande oluvaliwe (esitsheni). Kubiza kakhulu, kepha ngemuva kokutshala kuthatha izimpande kangcono. Lapho ukhetha, unaka isimo samagxolo namagatsha. Zama ukukhipha isitshalo ngobunono esitsheni. Uma ikhishwa kalula, khona-ke une-seedling ejwayelekile, eyayifakwa esitsheni ngaphambi kokuthengisa. Lapho isihlahla sikhula esitsheni, sizosuswa nge-clod yomhlaba.
Ividiyo: ungayikhetha kanjani isithombo
Phambilini, sasitshala ama-apricots emabhande amahlathi, futhi ayevunwa njengama-currant. Lapho sebethole umuthi omncane onezithelo ezinhle ezinhle zokunambitheka okumangazayo. Isitshalo sesivele sathela isivuno, ngakho-ke, wayeseneminyaka engu-6-7 ubudala. Cishe amamitha amabili ukuphakama kanye nobubanzi obungama-cm ayi-6,5. Saphuma lapho siyibuyisela endlini encane. Kwakungenasiqiniseko sokuthi umuthi uzothatha izimpande, ngoba lapho wawumbiwa, izimpande zazingafakwanga esiqwini semoto. Bamtshala ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Isimanga sethu sasingazi ukuthi lapho ibhilikosi liqhakaza entwasahlobo. Wathatha izimpande, wakhula futhi wathela enye iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, kwaze kwaba yimvula kaFebhuwari nemvula ebandayo elandelayo yabulala iningi lalezi zitshalo esifundeni sethu.
Izici Zokunakekela
I-Apricot ithambekele ekomile ngaphandle, ngakho-ke ukuzama "ukufudumeza" isiqu ebusika, ukusisonga ngotshani nokugqekeza, kulimaza kakhulu kunokuhle. Okunye ukufaka lesi sitshalo ukuthi ayichithi i-ovary ngokweqile njengesihlahla se-apula noma iplamu. Izithelo eziningi zikhula, okungaholela ekuwohlakalweni kwamagatsha futhi buthaka kwesitshalo. Lungisa inani le-ovary ngokutshala.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Iminyaka yokuqala engama-3-4, i-apricot izoba nezakhi ezanele ezengeziwe ngesikhathi sokutshala. Emva kwalokho, kanye njalo emva kweminyaka emithathu, kuyadingeka ukufaka izinto ezi-organic, umquba obolile kahle (4 kg / m2) noma umquba (5-6 kg / m2) Umanyolo wamaminerali wengezwa njalo ngonyaka. Entwasahlobo, ukufaka umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen (kususelwa ku-30- 40 g / m2) zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu: ngaphambi kokuqhakaza izimbali, emva kwaso, nalapho isibeletho silingana nethanga. Usawoti wePotassium (40-60 g / m2) zibuye zethulwe ngemithamo emithathu: ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa bese kuthi ikhefu lenyanga, kugcwaliswe umanyolo kube yimifantu engashoni. I-Superphosphate iyadingeka ku-apricot ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, emva kwayo nalapho isivuno sivuniwe (25-30 g / m2).
Ukuntuleka kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo kwahlulelwa yisimo sesitshalo. Buyisela ukusilela kwabo ngokugqoka okungaphezulu.
Ithebula: Yiziphi izinto zokulandela ezingekho e-apricot
| Into | Izimpawu zokuntuleka | Amakhambi |
| I-iron | Amacembe amancanyana ambozwe amabala agqamile. | Kuzosiza ukufafaza amaqabunga ngephedi lensimbi (ngokwemiyalo) ngokunqunyelwa kwezinsuku ezingama-8-10 kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zokushoda zishabalala. |
| I-Boron | Amabhande amaqabunga avela emaphethelweni amahlumela amasha, ukukhula kuncipha. Kukhona izimbali ezimbalwa, futhi amabala ansundu angabonakala ku-pulp yezithelo. | Izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngesikhathi sokukhula kufanele unisele isitshalo ngesixazululo se-boric acid (1 tbsp. L. Ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). |
| Manganese | Iphethini le-mesh eyingqayizivele noma i-mottling iyavela emaqabunga. | Futha ngesixazululo se-manganese sulfate:
|
| Magnesium | Uphuzi wokuqala nokuwa kwamaqabunga engxenyeni engezansi yomqhele, ukubukeka kombala "esihlahleni sikaKhisimusi". | Ukugqoka kwe-Foliar top ne-magnesium sulfate 20 g nge-10 l lamanzi izikhathi ezingama-3-4 ngokuphumula kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12. |
Ukunisela
Izitshalo ezisencane, ikakhulukazi ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala, zidinga amanzi amaningi kunezihlahla zabantu abadala. Nisela kanye zonke izinsuku ezingama-7- 7, futhi lapho kushisa - ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7, kulandelwe ukukhulula nokuhlanganisa umbuthano wesiqu. Kwizihlahla zabantu abadala, ukuthambisa ezine kumele kwenziwe ngesizini:
- ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho kuqala ukugeleza kwesithako,
- ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza,
- Amaviki angama-2-3 ngaphambi kokuvunwa,
- maphakathi - ukuphela kuka-Okthoba.
Iniselwa kakhulu, ngezigaba eziningana, ukuze umhlaba ugcwale amanzi afinyelela kumamitha ayi-2.
Izihlahla
Ukwakheka komqhele akubonisi ubuhle bomuthi kuphela, kepha futhi nasempilweni yayo:
- Lapho utshala, finyeza ingaphezulu lesithombo, ushiye ukuphakama okungama-30-50 cm.
- Intwasahlobo elandelayo, kukhethwa amahlumela amathathu aqinile, enza i-angle engu-45 nesiqumayelana, abanye - banqunywe.
- Ingxenye ephezulu yamagatsha angakwesobunxele ifinyezwa ibe ngu-30-35 cm, bese kuthi eminye emibili inqunywe ezingeni layo. Ukudubula okumaphakathi kufanele kuphume ngo-35-40 cm ngaphezulu ukusikwa kwamagatsha aseceleni kwesobunxele. Kuvela ihlaya lokuqala.
- Ngentwasahlobo elandelayo, amahlumela amade afushaniswa ngu-1/3.
- Ukudubula okuphakathi kunqunywe ngaphezulu kwehlwathi lokuqala ngamasentimitha angama-80-90.
- Entwasahlobo elandelayo, kukhethwa amagatsha amathathu, ahlanganisiwe nalawo angaphambilini ebangeni le-10-15 cm ukusuka kuwo. Kuvela ihlaya lesibili. Ebangeni eliphakathi lokhu kuzokwanela.
Ukwakheka komqhele ngendlela ehlobene nomthelela ekungeneni umoya omuhle kwesihlahla
Eminyakeni elandelayo, amahlumela wokuqhubeka anciphiswa uma kunesidingo. Amagatsha aqondiswe ngokuthe ngqo futhi ngaphakathi komqhele ayasuswa. Lapho umuthi ufinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha amathathu, umqhubi ophakathi nendawo unqunywa egatsheni eliseceleni kwesihlahla, lapho ihlumela elingaphezulu liyobe likhula khona. Eminyakeni elandelayo, kuzodingeka ukuthamba okubuthakathaka kuphela ukuvikela ukuqina.
Izihlahla zokuhlanzeka ibanjwe entwasahlobo, ekwindla futhi njengoba kudingeka phakathi nenkathi yonyaka. Amagatsha omile, aqandayo, anamagatsha aphukile ayasuswa. Ukuthena okudala ukuguga kwenzelwe ukugcina isivuno esikhulu. Kwisitjalo seminyaka engu-5-6 ubudala, ukukhula kwehlumela kuvinjelwe. Ekwindla, amagatsha amadala ambalwa ayasuswa, okungekho zithelo kuwo, namagatsha asemancane aqobisa umqhele noma akhule ngezikhathi.
Uma isihlahla sisidala, khona-ke ukugawulwa kokulwa nokuguga kwenziwa hhayi ngesikhathi, kodwa ngezigaba eziningana, futhi lo msebenzi uzokwelula iminyaka engu-2-3. Esimweni lapho amagatsha amaningi esuswa ngasikhathi sinye, isitshalo sibuthakathaka kakhulu, singafa ebusika noma silulame isikhathi eside.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Impumelelo ye-Apricot imelana kakhulu nezifo, kepha kwezinye izimo ingathinteka izifo ezitholakala fungal noma bacteria. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukuthena kungalunganga, kuqhekeka kuqhamke kusuka kuqhwa, lapho isimo sezulu sifudumele futhi sinomswakama isikhathi eside noma kukhona umuthi onesifo eduze. Ukwelashwa okuvikelwa engadini kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla nge-Bordeaux ewuketshezi noma amalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi kuzosiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka.
Ithebula: Yini okungenza ukuthi i-apricot igule
| Lesi sifo | Izimpawu zomuntu | Izindlela zokulawula |
| Cytosporosis | Kuvela izigaxa ezinombala onsundu ku-cortex. Amagatsha aqala ukoma futhi afe. |
|
| Umdlavuza wegciwane | Izilonda ziyavela ku-cortex, lezi zindawo bese ziphenduka zibe nsundu bese zifa. Ukukhishwa okuqinile okubonakalayo kwegamu. |
|
| I-Moniliosis | Amaqabunga kanye namahlumela amasha ansundu, omile. Izithelo zithinteka ngokubola. |
|
| Ibala elinsundu | Kuvela amabala amaqabunga emaqabungeni, ayoma bese awa. | Ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa, izitshalo ziphathwa nge-3% solution kaBordeaux fluid. |
| Ukutholwa kwe-Gum | Kuvela lapho amagxolo alinyazwa yiqhwa, izilokazane noma izifo zezitshalo. | Indawo eyonakele igqitshwe izicubu ezinempilo. Iphathwa ngesixazululo esingu-1% se-sulfate yethusi futhi ihlanganiswe ne-garden var. |
| Ukubuka kukaHoley | Kuvela amabala amancane abomvu ansundu emaqabungeni. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-14, izimbobo zihlala zisendaweni yazo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezithelo kuyaphazamiseka, baba mubi. |
|
Igalari yezithombe: Isifo se-Apricot
- Ukubuka kweHole kuthinta amaqabunga nezithelo
- Ukutholwa kweCameo kuvela lapho kulimala amagxolo
- I-Moniliosis iholela ekomeni kwamahlumela
Ukulimala okukhulu kwezihlahla ze-apricot kubangelwa izinambuzane:
- ama-aphid. Uma ubona ukuthi amaqabunga eziqongweni zezihlumela aqala ukuncibilika, emuva kwalokho ungabona izinambuzane ezincane. Zidla nge-sap yezitshalo. Ama-aphid akhiqiza ngokushesha okukhulu. Izihlahla zingalashwa ngeKarbofos, iFitoverm noma iFufanon (ngokwemiyalo). Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kuyinto engathandeki, ngakho-ke ungasebenzisa amakhambi esintu afakazelwe. Isibonelo, isixazululo sensipho yokuwasha. Grate ibha eyodwa ku-grater yamafutha bese ugcwalisa ngamanzi (10 l). Ngemuva kwamahora angama-2-3, gqugquzela futhi ufafaze izitshalo;
- incwajana eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amacimbi awo aluhlaza okotshani ophethe ikhanda elimnyama (12-15 cm) adla amaqabunga bese kuthi, lapho esehlatshwe liphaphu, aligoqe ngeshubhu. Ukwelashwa ngeKarbofos, iFufanon noma iKemifos (ngokwemiyalo) kwenziwa entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa;
- inundu - uvemvane ophakathi nendawo. Amacimbi ayo an nsundu ngemivimbo emnyama emuva, ayondla ngama-buds, ama-buds, ama-ovari namaqabunga. Izitshalo ziphathwa ngeKarbofos, iFufanon noma iKemifos (ngokwemiyalo) entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa;
- i-codling moth luvemvane oluncane. Ifaka amaqanda ezimbali ezivuliwe. Amakati athengisa mhlophe noma apinki ngokudla okunekhanda oku nsundu ngembewu yezithelo. Ukwelashwa kwezitshalo kwenziwa ngaleso sikhathi ukuqhakaza kuvela nesisombululo seChlorophos (0.2%) noma i-Entobacterin (0.5%).
Igalari yezithombe: izinambuzane ezisongela isihlahla se-apricot
- Isibungu semfene sidla ama-buds nama-buds
- Ipheshana lebhabhathane lenza umonakalo omkhulu
- Ama-aphid azinza ngemuva kweqabunga
Ukubuyekezwa
Ehlobo eledlule, ngithole i-apricot enonyaka owodwa "Impumelelo" yokukhiqizwa kweTula. Kwenzeka kimi: "Njengoba ubiza i-yacht, izohamba ngomkhumbi." Impumelelo yangempela yebhizinisi ayikholwanga kakhulu, kepha lesi sitshalo asigcini nje kuphela, kodwa futhi sanikeza ukwanda okuhle. Ukusuka "kwisayensi" wayazi kuphela ukuthi kwakudingeka ukutshala endaweni enelanga, mhlawumbe inhlabathi ekhanyayo ngaphandle kokugwazwa kwamanzi. Mayelana ne "Impumelelo" ngiyazi ukuthi ubusika-Hardy, kuqala futhi nokuzithela.
mariaark Moscow
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Ukunambitheka kuhle, usayizi wezithelo ojwayelekile ungama-40 amagremu. Akunakonakaliswa yizifo, kepha ngaphambi kokuba i-moniliosis, yona, njengamanye ama-apricots, ayinamandla.Ushukela uthola kahle nathi. Akusho ukuthi ngokunambitheka akuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezinhle zaseningizimu, kepha kwi-Middle Strip kakhulu.
Anona
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Esihlelweni esiseduze kweminyaka engaba ngu-5, ibhilikotsi lempumelelo liyakhula. Umuthi omude, oqinile, ehlobo cishe ama-3 kg wezithelo aqokelelwa kuwo, makhulu ngokwanele futhi amnandi. Kuzo zonke ezinye izinzuzo, futhi kuyazazisa.
Aprel
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I-Apricot Impumelelo nezinye izinhlobo zasebusika ezilukhuni zithatha indawo ehlonishwayo ezingadini zezifunda eziningi lapho zaziphupha nje ngaphambili. Ukwazi izici zalesi sihlahla sezithelo, ngeke wenze amaphutha lapho usinakekela.
