Izinto ezingajwayelekile zheha abantu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Futhi uma izihlahla eziphilayo zithatha izinhlobo ezimangalisa, khona-ke akekho umuntu ozodlula ubuhle obunjalo obungenandaba. Enye yezindlela zokuhlobisa ubuciko be-landscape ingabizwa ngokuthi i-arbosculpture - izihlahla ezikhula ngesimo sezihlalo zezihlalo, ukwakheka kwejometri, imihlobiso emihle noma nabantu. Kodwa musa ukudidanisa i-arbosculpture nge-topiary ne-bonsai. Lawa amasu amathathu ahlukile, futhi uyini umehluko phakathi kwawo - sizobheka izibonelo ezithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela ezilula kakhulu ze-arbosculpture zingakhiwa noma yimuphi umhlali wasehlobo onokubekezela nokubekezela ukwakha, ukugoma nokunakekela izihlahla zakhe eziqoshwe ngobuciko.
I-Arbosculpture akuyona inkomba entsha. Yasungulwa engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19 eMelika. Kepha kuze kube yileso sikhathi, izihlahla ezikhule zisebenzisa inqubo ye-arbosculpture azivamile eYurophu, futhi ngisho nasemazweni ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union zithathwa njengezixakile. Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukumangaza bonke abangane bakho nabantu obaziyo, zama ukudala okungenani isihlahla esisodwa kule ndlela.
Akuwona nje kuphela izivakashi ezizothanda ukuhlala esihlalweni esiyingalo sokuqala, kodwa futhi nezingane zazo, ezizowenza into esemqoka yemidlalo
Umnyombo we-arbosculpture ukuwunika ukwakheka okungajwayelekile ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhula kwesitshalo ngokugoba isiqu, ukwakha amagatsha futhi, uma kunesidingo, ngokuxhunyelelwa. Ekubukeni kokuqala, le ndlela ibukeka njenge-bonsai, lapho kukhona khona nemigqomo egobile. Kepha i-bonsai ubuciko bokutshala kwezihlahla ezincanyana ngokugcinwa ngokuphelele kwezimpawu ezinkulu. Futhi ku-arbotekhnika ngokukhethekile ugoba isitshalo, usinikeze ukwakheka okungekhona okungokwemvelo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zinganikezwa kumasiko usebenzisa inqubo ye-topiary. Kepha kulokhu, amafomu kanye nezibalo zokuqala zitholakala ngenxa yokusikwa okungapheli kwamahlamvu kanye namahlumela amancane. Futhi ku-arbosculpture, amaqabunga awathinti. Umsebenzi womlimi wukuguqula ukwakheka kwesiqu, ukugoba umthambo, aze abe nesikhathi sokugcwala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungalinganisi ngesithombo esisodwa, kepha hlanganisa izihlahla ezi-3.4 noma ngaphezulu uzenze zibe munye. Iziqu zazo zihlanganiswa ngokuxhunyelelwa, futhi izihlahla ngokwazo zipholisa amanxeba, zikhula ngokuqinile komunye nomunye futhi zakha izibazi-ukukhula emhlanganweni.
Vaccinations isetshenziswa lapho kwakhiwa ukwakheka okuhle kwezihlahla eziningana, futhi isimo sesitshalo esisodwa siguqulwa ngokugoba isiqu namagatsha
Yiziphi izihlahla ezifanele i-arbosculpture?
Ukuze umuthi ubekezelele ngokuqinile zonke izinkathazo umnikazi azoyiveza, kufanele ziqale zihambisane nesimo sezulu sendawo. Ngakho-ke kusuka emabheleni ajwayelekile kakhulu, umlotha wasentabeni, amamephu kanye ne-bird cherry kulula ukudala ubuciko obuqokiwe. Izithelo ziyakubekezelela nokubumba kahle, kepha zizoqala ukukhiqiza izilimo kungekudala kunokujwayelekile: hhayi eminyakeni engama-4-5 (umuthi wama-apula), kodwa ngeminyaka engu-7.
Kungcono ukuqala kahle inqubo entsha nge-willow noma iplamu. Zombili zikhula ngokushesha, zinezimpande kahle futhi azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Uma uthenga isihlahla enkulisa, khona-ke kufanele ngokushesha uthole ukuthi ulethwe ngaphi. Kungcono ukuthi itshalwe emazweni afuywayo.
Uhlu oluphelele lwezihlahla ezigoba kalula lungatholakala kuma-ensaiklopidia e-bonsai, ngoba le ndlela ithole ukuthandwa okukhulu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, isakazwa kakhulu kwi-Intanethi. Kuyiqiniso, naka iqiniso lokuthi yizihlahla ezidingekayo ekuhlaselweni kwezibungu, kuyilapho izihlahlana ezikhula kancane ziveza i-bonsai.
Ungadala itafula elinjalo kunoma yisiphi isihlahla esikhulu, njengama-linden, imephu noma ngisho nezitshalo zezithelo, ezixhunyelelwe kwizipande zezimbali ezinde
Lapho ungaqala khona: amafomu alula kakhulu
Uhlobo olulula kakhulu lwe-arbosculpture nomuthi onesiqu sawo sigoqiwe ngephethini ye-zigzag. Ukuze uthole isimangaliso esinjalo, kufanele:
- Thenga i-sapling ngesibambi esiguquguqukayo. (Bheka isikhathi sokuthenga ngokuhambisa kancane isiqu kuzinhlangothi. Uma isiqu saso sinesikhathi sokukhonkotha, funa isithombo esincane).
- Tshala lesi sitshalo hhayi ngokuqondile, kodwa ekhoneni elithile (kuze kufike ema-degree angama-30) ukuze izimpande sezivele zimbole ngo-bend.
- Zama ukutshekisa umqhele wesihlahla futhi uthole indawo lapho igobeke khona kangcono. Imvamisa le ndawo isendaweni engenhla, engxenyeni encane yesiqu.
- Sika wonke amagatsha angaphansi kwendawo yokugoba ibe yindandatho (eduze kwesiqu, ngaphandle kweziqu).
- Kwezinduku ezimbili, shaya phansi ukwesekwa okwenziwe ngesiphambano ukuze ukuphakama kube ngu-10-20 cm kune-seedling, futhi iphuzu lokuphambanisa kwezinduku liwela ku-1/3 phezulu kokusekelwa.
- Bamba ukusekela emhlabathini ukuze isiqu saso silinganiswe phakathi kwezinduku.
- Bopha isithombo kube yinduku eyodwa, kusukela endaweni yokugoqa yesitshalo kuya kwengxenye yengxenye esele. Bopha yonke ingxenye ephezulu ngokubheka okuphambene bese ubopha induku yesibili, eya ekhoneni kokuqala.
- Uma lesi sitshalo sincane kakhulu, sigobe endaweni eyodwa bese ulinda izinyanga ezimbalwa size sikhule kulesi simo ukuze sikwazi ukuphinda ukugoba.
Iziqu zingagobeka kuphela entwasahlobo nasehlobo, lapho ukugeleza kwesihla sekuqalile esihlahleni. Kuze kube manje, lesi yisithombo asiguquki futhi siyakwazi ukuqhekeka uma sikhula.
I-angle angle yesibambo ingahlukahluka kusetshenziswa usekelo oluyimbobo yesiphambano, icindezele izingxenye zalo ngokuqhubekayo noma eduze kuze kube yilapho isihlahla silungisiwe
Onke amagatsha amathambo atholakala ngenhla yokuqala yesigaxa nawo kufanele akhiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amagatsha anamandla kakhulu ashiywe esihlahleni awanikeze i-angle yokuthambekela, elenga izinsimbi emaphethelweni. Uma udinga umugqa oqondile oqondile noma umkhombandlela ocaciswe ngokuqondile, izindonga ezivundlile zibethelwa ukusekelwa okuyinhloko ezindaweni lapho igatsha lisuka esiqwini, futhi maphakathi nomphetho wegatsha kuboshelwe kuwo.
Lapho ubona ukuthi isiqu kanye namagatsha kuhlanganisiwe, kuqinile, ungasusa uhlaka olusekelayo. Ukugoba kwesigaxa kungadalwa ngale ndlela abaningi ngendlela oyithandayo, kushintsha izixhaso zibe eziphakeme.
Izikhuzo ezingajwayelekile emithini yezihlahla
Ukuze izihlahla zezithelo zikulungele ukubuka umhlaba, ungathuthukisa ukwakheka kwazo ngokwakha i-vase, imbali, i-goblet, spiral, njll kusuka esiqwini. Ngale ndlela, bazohlobisa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Akunzima ukwenza ubuciko obungcweti, kepha kuyodingeka wakhe umqhele wezinkathi eziningana zonyaka.
Isinyathelo 1. Dala i-wireframe
Into yokuqala abacabanga ngayo ukuthi lesi sihlahla sizoba sinjani. Sincoma ukuqala nge-vase. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka uhlaka lwensimbi ngendlela yevase, enobude nobubanzi obungadluli kumamitha ayi-2 bese uyifaka endaweni lapho umuthi uzokhula khona. Uhlaka luyindandatho yobubanzi bamamitha ukusuka phansi, okuvela kuwo izikhonkwane zensimbi ezisikiwe (izingcezu eziyizi-6 kuya kwezingu-10), ulingise ukuma kwevase.
Ukusuka ngaphezulu, zonke izikhonkwane zihlanganisiwe ngosizo lwenye indandatho yensimbi, enobubanzi obungafika kumamitha ayi-2. Kufanele ifakwe kahle ukuze ifreyimu ingabi squint noma imbongolo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Uma uzimele wesitsha wenziwe wabanzi kuno-2 metres, kungakuhle ukufaka indandatho yokusekela phakathi ukuze isakhiwo sibambe kahle ngesimo
Isigaba 2. Ukutshala isithombo
I-oda lomsebenzi:
- Maphakathi kwendandatho engezansi yohlaka, kutyalwe isihlahla. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ekwindla, ukuze isitshalo sivele ngasentwasahlobo.
- Isithombo kufanele sibe minyaka yonke futhi sihlanganiswe kwisitokwe esisekude.
- Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, sinqume yonke ingaphezulu yesithombo, kusale kuphela ama-30 cm esiqu.
- Kukhishwe umqhubi wesiphathi esiyisisekelo, isb. Isiqongo sesihlahla sizonikeza ukwanda kwamahlumela akamuva. Kulawa, asele kuphela aphezulu, inani lawo okufanele alingane nengxenye yenani lezikhonkwane zensimbi. Uma une-vase yobuso obungu-10, shiya amagatsha ayi-5, uma kungu-6 - 3. Banikezwe ithuba lokukhula ngokukhululeka.
- Amagatsha asele asikwa abe yindandatho.
- Ehlobo lonke elilandelayo, ziqapha ukukhula kwamahlumela apical main. Ukuze amagatsha abe nobukhulu obufanayo, ungaguqula amandla ngokuwamisa ngezindlela ezihlukile. Uma ihlumela libuthakathaka, liqonde ngokuqondile ngangokunokwenzeka bese ulilungisa kufreyimu. Uma igqame kakhulu kusukela ekuphumuleni - gobeka ngokuqondile ukumisa ukunyakaza kwamajusi.
Isigaba 3. Ukwenza isisekelo sesitsha sezinkuni
Kukhishwe umqhubi wesiphathi esiyisisekelo, isb. Isiqongo sesihlahla sizonikeza ukwanda kwamahlumela akamuva. Kulawa, asele kuphela aphezulu, inani lawo okufanele alingane nengxenye yenani lezikhonkwane zensimbi. Uma une-vase yobuso obungu-10, shiya amagatsha ayi-5, uma kungu-6 - 3. Banikezwe ithuba lokukhula ngokukhululeka. Amagatsha asele asikwa abe yindandatho.
Ehlobo lonke elilandelayo, ziqapha ukukhula kwamahlumela apical main. Ukuze amagatsha abe nobukhulu obufanayo, ungaguqula amandla ngokuwamisa ngezindlela ezihlukile. Uma ihlumela libuthakathaka, liqonde ngokuqondile ngangokunokwenzeka bese ulilungisa kufreyimu. Uma igqame kakhulu kusukela ekuphumuleni - gobeka ngokuqondile ukumisa ukunyakaza kwamajusi.
Ukuze ulandelele ngokucacile ukwakheka okuhle kwesiqu, wonke amahlumela asuswayo kufanele asuswe ngendlela efanele, eshiya isiqu sihlanzekile ngokuphelele, singenagatsha
Isinyathelo 4. Ukwakha i-wireframe evela kumagatsha
Phakathi nonyaka, amagatsha anamathambo apical ayaqina, ngakho entwasahlobo athenwa ngokujulile, kusale ingxenye encane kuphela enamahlamvu amabili. Okunye kuyasuswa.
Ukusuka ema-buds amabili kuzokhula amahlumela amasha, azoba ubuso besitsha. Ukudubula ngakunye njengoba kukhula kugxile kuzikhonkwane zozimele ukuze kunikezwe isikhundla esiqondile sokumile. Vele nje kufanele ulandele ukuthuthukiswa kwesihlahla, usike amahlumela aseceleni kumagatsha amakhulu othambo. Shiya amahlumela ama-3-4 esihlahleni ngasinye “sobuso”, usike izihloko zawo zifinyelele ezingeni lesibili kusukela ekuqaleni kweqabunga. Izithelo zizoqala ukwakha kubo, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-vase yakho izombozwa ngezithelo ezinamanzi.
Lapho amagatsha amakhulu efika emaphuzwini aphezulu wohlaka olusekelwayo futhi ancishiswa, ungasusa isakhiwo sensimbi. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, isihlahla ngokwaso sizogcina ukwakheka okunikeziwe, futhi kufanele nje unciphise amahlumela angeziwe futhi uvimbele ukukhula kwezihloko ukuze umphumela wokuqothuka ungalahleki.
Izinhlaka zezihlahla eziningi
Kulula kakhulu ukwakha izingoma eziqanjiwe ezivela ezihlahleni eziningana. Isibonelo, i-spiral yobuhle obumangalisayo ingadalwa kusuka kuma-willows ama-4 noma ama-birches. Futhi lokhu kwenziwa kalula:
- Uhlaka lokupheka. Kuyadingeka ukushisa uhlaka lwensimbi ngesimo sesilinda. Isilinda siqukethe amasongo afanayo phansi nangaphezulu (afinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 ubukhulu), nezikhonkwane ezine phakathi kwawo. Izikhonkwane kufanele zithathwe ku-weld ibanga elifanayo ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ngemuva kwalokho kufakwa uthango obukhulu ezizibeni, luqala phansi bese lukunamathisela luhlaka luthi lubambe ongezansi kuma-degree angama-40-45. Ibanga phakathi kwezindandatho zokuvunguza li-35-40 cm.
- Sitshala futhi sisike izihlahla. Bese kuthi izihlahla ezi-4 zonyaka zitshalwe ngaphandle kwesakhiwo ngamaphoyinti lapho izikhonkwane zokusekela zikhuphuka khona ngohlaka. Iziqu zigxunyekwe kwizikhonkwane ukuze zikhule ngokuqinile zibheke phezulu. Amagatsha emathambo ashiya kuphela lawo asezingeni le-spiral edlulayo, abophe ngocingo. Konke okunye kususwa kufakwa engweni. Esiqwini 2 metres ukuphakama kufanele uthole amagatsha amahlanu. Ukuthi ubheke kuphi - bheka ukuthambekela kwehlumela. Lapho yena uqobo encike khona kulula, lapho bese ulungisa. Kancane kancane, amagatsha asonga uzungeze wensimbi, kuthi emva kweminyaka engama-2-3 abe nesithunzi. Susa amahlumela asuka kulawa magatsha ukuze anganciphisi ukukhula kwamagatsha amakhulu.
Lapho wonke umoya uvalwa ngamagatsha, bese eba mnene, ucingo luyasuswa bese ifreyimu ihlukaniswa. Ukuvunguza komoya okunamandla okuvelayo ngokuqinisekile kuzobonakala obala, kubangele umona phakathi kwabanye.
Indandatho yokusekela ephansi yohlaka ayinakwenziwa uma izikhonkwane eziseceleni ziqhutshwa zijule emhlabathini ukuze zibambe ziqine
Njengoba ubuqonde emiyalweni, ukuba umbazi wezimbali engadini yakho kulula kakhulu: udinga nje ukuba nesifiso kanye nomhambisi omuhle ozokwenza ozimele ezisekelayo.
