Iziza zasengadini zivame ukutholakala kwiziza zasendlini kuyo yonke insimu yaseRussia, bese kuthi igama layo lesibili "Chinese." Isiko libonakaliswa ngemibala ehlukahlukene yama-bud nosayizi - ukusuka emincane kuya emide, kugadla ngomqhele waso onethezekile.
I-Chrysanthemum yaseGadini - luhlobo luni lwentyatyambo, oluqondene nalo mndeni
Isisekelo sezinhlobonhlobo zanamuhla chrysanthemum yiChrysanthemum morifolium, okuyilungu lomndeni wakwa-Asteráceae. IShrub ibhekisela ezinhlotsheni eziqhakaza ngokuqala kwekwindla. Ibekezelela ukubanda kahle futhi ayilahli ama-buds ayo ngisho nangama-friji okuqala.
Chrysanthemum yonyaka
Imininingwane yokuqala ephathelene namasiko yatholakala emisebenzini kaConfucius, ngonyaka we-5-6 B.C.E. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayefana kakhulu nabangane bakhe basendle futhi enezimbali ezinobukhulu obuphakathi, zipendwe ngaphuzi. Lesi sitshalo sesibe ngumsunguli wezinhlobonhlobo zesimanjemanje, kuze kube manje kunezinhlobo zezinkulungwane ezintathu.
Isihlahla sangemuva se-perenni sinesistimu yezimpande ewugqinsi nenamagatsha, okuphuma kuyo amahlumela anamandla. Iziqu zikhula ngama-25-120 cm ambozwe kahle ngamapuleti amaqabunga. Amahlamvu aluhlaza akhula kusuka ku-7 kuye ku-15 cm ubude kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-8 cm - ububanzi. Amapuleti asendaweni ephezulu nangaphansi tihluke ngevolumu nangesimo. Kokunye okubhaliwe, ama-petioles amade noma amafushane, ama-pubescence predominates ohlangothini olungalungile.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo, izinhlobo ezithandwayo zobusika eziqinile, ukuthi zibukeka kanjani
Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa ngezigaba eziningana zama-chrysanthemums ngenxa yendlela ehlukile ekukhetheni kwabo. Kokugcwele nangokuguquguqukayo kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwesiShayina.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngosayizi wezimbali nokuphakama
Ngokwe nguqulo yesiShayina ye-Chang Shu-lin, ukwahlukaniswa kwenziwa ngosayizi, kuya kwizincwajana ezinamagama amancane nezigeleza ezinkulu. Kuyisiko ukwahlukanisa cishe amakilasi angama-25:
- isigcawu sokuqala sifaka izinhlobo eziyi-8;
- kwesibili - amayunithi ayi-17.
Kubalulekile! Umehluko awubheki umehluko kuphela kubungako bezimbali, kepha umehluko kusethi ye-chromosome, inqubo yokulima nezinye izimpawu.
I-Chrysanthemum enezimbali ezincane
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-inflorescence
Ukuhlukaniswa kwenziwa ngokuya ngezinketho ezine, maqondana nokuba khona kwezimbali ezingama-tubular kanye nomhlanga ezitholakala kuma-inflorescence:
- isicaba;
- i-anemone;
- amashubhu;
- uhlobo lwesipuni.
Ukugqamiswa kwezimpawu zokuhlukahluka kunezela incazelo ngenombolo yama-buds athile, isilinganiso sobukhulu bawo, ngezinye izimfanelo. Kuneziqunjana eziyisikhombisa zezitshalo ezinemibala ye-petal ehlukene:
- mhlophe
- ithusi;
- ophuzi;
- luhlaza
- reds;
- ukhilimu;
- onsomi.
Chrysanthemum eyindilinga
Kunezinhlobo zezimbobo ezimbili, ezinemisindo ehlukene yamaphayini angaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngokwencazelo kaWi Mao-sheng, kuleso siko, izinto ezi-9 ezihlukile ze-inflorescences zingahlukaniswa:
- enoboya - ngokubhula okuncane ezingxenyeni ezingezansi ze-corolla;
- ekhazimulayo - ngokulinganayo ngokufana, okwenziwe njengezimpaphe;
- i-terry - i-inflorescence ine-symmetry, ama-corollas angaphandle mide, kanti angaphakathi amafushane;
- ama-osmanthus - afana nembali ye-osmanthus;
- izimpaphe-zibunjiwe - ngenani elikhulu, eliphakathi nelincane;
- hemispherical and spherical - izimbali zifana namabhola ngokubukeka;
- elula noma i-semi-double - enama-corollas abanzi namathiphu agobile kancane;
- ukubamba - ama-corollas awo angaqhathaniswa namashubhu aminyene.
Kubalulekile! Okukhethwa kukho kokugcina kunguzipho zikaDrako, lapho izimbali ezisezinkomeni zinegaba elingafiki kwemikhakha eyi-6, amacembe abukeka njengezimpaphe.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezimbali
Ezindaweni zaseJapan, okuthandwa kunikezwa ukuhlukaniswa kwe- "Shinjuku" - ipaki yombusi.
Ochwepheshe bayo bathanda ukuhlukanisa ngezinhlobo zasendle nezamasiko. Lezi zokugcina zihlukaniswe futhi ngokuhlobisa futhi kufaneleka njengokudla (lapho kulungiswa amasaladi). I-Terry nezinye i-chrysanthemums (zokuhlobisa nokuhlobisa) zihlukaniswe ngokuvuthwa kubusika, ehlobo nasekwindla.
Kubalulekile! Iqembu elikhulu lithathwa njengelokwindla - lifaka amasampula amancane, aphakathi nendawo amakhulu.
Iminyaka yonyaka kanye nezonyaka
Izinhlobo zonyaka zibonakaliswa ngosayizi omncane we-bud (kufika ku-4 cm ubukhulu) kanye nezigaba eziningana:
- uthuliwe;
- -minyene
- ukuhlwanyela;
- umqhele.
Ababhali banesikhathi eside sezimbali: ukusuka ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kuya kuLwezi. Amahlumela aphela ngesithwathwa esiphikelelayo. Isiko lingaba ngosayizi abahlukene: 25-70 cm.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sonyaka owodwa, ama-perennials asehlathini akhudlwana ekukhuleni, angafinyelela ku-150 cm. Akhule zombili kwiziza zasekhaya nasemabhodweni. Izinhlobo zezimbali ezinkulu zisetshenziswa njengezinto zokusika. Ukuhlukaniswa kwenziwa ngesikhathi lapho bayoqhakaza: uhlobo lwakuqala, olphakathi nolwephuzile.
Chrysanthemum yonyaka
Ama-chrysanthemums we-perennial: ukutshala nokunakekela emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukuthola isitshalo esihle futhi esinempilo, kufanele uzijwayeze nezincwadi ngokuthi ungazikhulisa kanjani ama-chrysanthemums engadini, ukunakekela imbali ezweni noma ku greenhouse.
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi lezi zimbali zilwa nesomiso nokubanda, akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile engadini. Uhlu lokuhlukile lufaka kuphela inzalo entsha enezimbali ezinkulu, ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela: kaningi, amanzi kanye nokufaka umquba.
Kubalulekile! Abalimi abangenalwazi bavame ukubuza ukuthi bangakhula kanjani i-chrysanthemum - imithetho incike ezinhlobonhlobo.
Ukukhetha indawo
Ungatshala kanjani kahle ama-chrysanthemums: isiko lincike ngokuphelele ekukhanyeni, uma lintula, ikhwalithi yezimbali ingahlupheka. Amahlumela aqala ukweluka, amahlumela aqala ukubuna, ezindaweni lapho ezinye izilimo zingaphila buthule.
Umphumela uzoba yi-shrub emibi futhi ekhangayo. Ukuze ugcine umqhele wakhe ophelele, udinga ukutshala izilwane ezincane ngasohlangothini lwelanga, nokuvikelwa emimoyeni enamandla.
Ungawulungisa kanjani umhlabathi kanye nembali yokutshala
Ukuqonda umbuzo wokuthi ungatshala kanjani ama-chrysanthemums, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ngekhwalithi yomhlaba.
Inhlabathi enesihlabathi noma evundile enamanzi amahle iyadingeka. Ngaphambi komsebenzi, bawugaya ngokucophelela bawunothise nge-humus. Inhlabathi kumele ibe nokusabela okuncane kwe-asidi, kuthathwa isilwanyana esidliwayo se-mulching. Amazwe asindayo nobumba ayenqatshelwe - isihlahlana esikuzo sizofa ngokushesha.
Izici zokutshala ama-chrysanthemums ebusika
Ukutshala kwangaphambi kobusika kwezihlahla kwenziwa kuze kube uSepthemba 15, ukukhula okuncane ngezimpande ezivalekile kusetshenziselwa inqubo. Le ndlela iqeda isidingo sokuqeqeshwa kwangaphambili. Uma izimpande zingenalutho, khona-ke amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kokutshala, ukwelashwa ngeKornevin kuyenziwa.
Ukutshala kweChrysanthemum endaweni evulekile
Inqubo yokwenza kokwehla igxathu negxathu ibukeka kanjena:
- Bamba izimbobo ezi-40 cm ngokujula, phakathi kwabo ushiye izikhala mayelana naleli banga.
- Ngaphansi komfula kwakubekwa isihlabathi sama coarse noma ukuhlolwa - 5 cm.
- Isendlalelo siguqulwa nge-humus.
- Ukutshala kwenziwa ngaphandle kokujulisa amahlumela.
- Ukuze amabhasi amade alungiselele ukusekelwa.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kwenqubo, ukuthambisa okuningi kanye ne-mulching kwenziwa.
Imithetho yokunisela nomswakama
Amabhishi ahlala isikhathi eside angahlala isikhathi eside nesomiso, kepha ahlukaniswa nokuzwela ukushoda kwawo. Ukunisela okunganele kuholela ekugayeni ama-buds futhi kunciphise amanani awo. Ngokuchelela okunganele, amahlumela ambozwe ngegxolo, futhi nangokweqile, izimpande zibolile.
Ukunisela kuyenziwa ngomiswa ka-cm cm ongaphezulu komhlaba. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo, umswakama wenhlabathi wenzeka kaningi, lapho kubanda kakhulu kaningi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu nekhwalithi yenhlabathi
Ukuntuleka kwezakhi zamaminerali kuthukuthelisa ukuqothuka nokubabaza kwama-buds, kanti nomanyolo osifike ngesikhathi usiza ukunweba isikhathi sokuphila kwabo futhi unyuse inani eliphelele. I-Subcortex yenziwa ngokuya ngohlelo:
- ngemuva kokutshala noma entwasahlobo - ngezingxube ze-nitrogen;
- maphakathi nehlobo - izixazululo ze-potassium-phosphorus.
Kubalulekile! Ngesizini eyodwa, shrub idinga izinqubo ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-7, ngokuya ngezimpawu zomhlaba. Ngamanani anganele we-phosphorus, umonakalo we-powdery isikhutha kwenzeka.
Umanyolo wama-chrysanthemums
Izihlahla kanye transplanting
Kwabangu-subspecies ngamanye, kudingeka ukwanda kwamagatsha abo: lapho kuthuthukiswa kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-20 cm, izihlahla zenziwa. Izinsika ezisikiwe (cm cm) zisetshenziselwa ukubamba imbala. Umdubuli osele kufanele okungenani ube namabili ama-3 noma ama-5 amaqabunga.
Imisebenzi yokufakelwa yenziwa ngoMeyi noma izinsuku zikaSeptemba. Zenzelwe ukwenziwa kabusha kwezihlahlana, ukuzala kabusha noma ngesikhathi kusungulwa inguqulo ethile yensimu yezimbali.
Imbali ebusika
Ukulungiselela ngokucophelela ubusika akudingeki kuma-chrysanthemums we-perennial (ubusika-hardy), otshalwe ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho imisebenzi elandelayo yenziwa:
- ukuqashwa kwamabhasi;
- ukutshala kufika ku-10 cm ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba;
- ukukhosela nge-agrofibre ngemuva kokufika kwamafrimu azinza, ngokulungiswa kwawo ngezinto zokwakha isisindo (amabhodi, izitini).
Kubalulekile! Ngezinsuku zikaSepthemba, ukugqoka okuphezulu kokugcina kwenzeka ngaphambi kobusika ebusika ngamakhompiyutha e-phosphorus-potassium. Umanyolo weNitrogen awusetshenziswa.
Izici zezitshalo eziqhakazayo
Ukuhlukahluka kwesiko elihlukile kungahluka isikhathi sokwakhiwa kwama-buds nezimpawu zabo.
Isikhathi somsebenzi nokuphumula
Ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza kwesihlahlana, ama-apical efihlekile angawokuqala ukuvula, khona-ke inqubo ihlanganisa sonke isitshalo (kusuka phezulu kuya phansi). Isikhathi sokuqothula sisuka emavikini amabili kuya ezinyangeni ezithile.
Kubalulekile! Ukuvalwa kwesiko kuthumba ngoNovemba-Mashi (amanye amahlahla aphumula kuze kube ngu-Ephreli). Unganquma isitshalo esivukile ngokuvela kwamahlumela amancane.
Izinhlobo nobume bezimbali
AmaChrysanthemums amade, mancane, futhi aphakathi ngosayizi; ngoba amade kakhulu, ukusekelwa kuyadingeka.
Ukwehlukanisa, ukuthambekela ukuwa, izihlahlana, okuboshwe lapho kufika intwasahlobo.
Kubalulekile! AmaBotanists ahlukanisa isiko ngokuya ngesimo sokuqhakaza: ukusika (ngesiqu esisodwa kanye nebhasikidi elikhulu, kufika ku-20 cm ngaphesheya) nama-flower amaningi.
Ukunakekela ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali
Amahlamvu aqunyiwe asikwa ngokucophelela, ashiye izimbali zezimbali ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa. Imizamo yokuqedela ukumbumbuluza kuzoholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu: ama-rhizomes ngeke akwazi ukubeka ama-buds ngesizini ezayo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba, okuvela ukuthi okuyingxenye eluhlaza.
Izindlela zokukhiqiza izimbali
Abalimi bathanda ukusebenzisa ukusikwa, indlela yembewu kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla sikamama.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika
Ukuthola imihuzuko, sebenzisa izimbali noma izihlahlana ezindala. Esimweni sokuqala, udinga ukususa izimbali, bese ubeka ukusika emanzini. Ngemuva kwamaviki ambalwa, bazokwakha izimpande futhi bangatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukuzisika kwempahla ehlathini kwenziwa ngoMeyi. Izinhlobo ezinempilo zilungele inqubo, izinqamu ezinqunywe zithunyelwa ekujuleni kuka-5 cm (ezindaweni ezembiwe). Phezulu zimbozwe ngenqwaba yebhodlela lepulasitiki. Ekupheleni kwenyanga, izithombo ezithole izimpande zizonikeza amaqabunga okuqala.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Indlela yembewu ifaka ukutshala impahla ezitshalweni. Ngemuva kwamaviki ayi-2-5 (isikhathi sincike ezimfanelweni zokuhlukahluka), amahlumela okuqala azovela. Kuze kube yizinsuku zikaMeyi, izithombo zikhule ekhaya, bese zithunyelwa esakhiweni somuntu siqu.
Ungatshala kanjani i-chrysanthemum futhi uzuze ukuqhakaza kwayo: Imithombo yembewu kulayini ophakathi nendawo cishe ayikaze ivuthwe. Ukuyithola, amahlumela wokuthena ama-buds ayenziwa, ngokuwathumela ebhodweni lamanzi. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, imbewu ivuthwa ngokuphepha.
Izinkinga ezikhulayo, izifo kanye nezinambuzane
Izifo ezaziwayo zibandakanya:
- ukulimala kwegciwane ku-dwarfism, greening of inflorescences, mosaic - pathologies alulapheki, amahlumela athintekile ayavunyelwa futhi ashiswe;
- i-powdery hlobo - ivela phakathi nenkathi ebandayo nemvula, i-phosphorus enganele kanye nezinto ze-potassium noma ngokweqile kwe-phosphorus, izihlahlana ezinesifo ziphathwa ngezixazululo ze-fungicidal;
- ukugqwala - kuza kanye nesimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama, kunqunywa amabala aluhlaza aphuzi kulawo amahlamvu, agcina ephenduka abe nsundu, ukwelashwa kufaka ukwelashwa nge-Bordeaux fluid neTopazi;
- I-Seporia - isakazeka isuka kwabaphansi iye phezulu, ibonakala amabala amnyama, kwenzeka lapho kunokushiswa kwelanga nokugcwala kwamanzi kwenhlabathi, kudinga ukuncishiswa kokunisela nokukhanya okukhanyayo;
- i-grey bola - inqunywa amabala ansundu avela engxenyeni eluhlaza yesitshalo, ngokushintshwa kwizwi elinsundu, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngama-fungicides.
I-Seporia Chrysanthemum
Izinambuzane eziyizidlakudla ezaziwayo yilezi:
- nematode - alimaza hhayi kuphela izingxenye eziluhlaza zesihlahla, kepha nezimpande, zidinga ukwelashwa okuhlala isikhathi eside kwezitshalo ezinama-ejenti akhethekile: IPhosphamide, iMercaptophos;
- i-spider mite - ngenxa yokumunca ujusi we-shrub nge-parasite, iqala ukoma ngokushesha, ubukhona bayo bunganqunywa yi-web emboza iziqu namahlamvu, ukwelashwa kwenziwa yiFitoverm noma i-Aktelik;
- ama-aphid - i-parasite ivame ukuthwala ama-virus e-viral futhi ingenye yezimbangela zokufa kwesihlahla, isitshalo sidinga ukwelashwa okuphindaphindiwe ngama-insecticides.
I-chrysanthemum engadi engapheli ingeyokuhlobisa okunethezekile kwe-infield, kodwa futhi ungathanda izinhlobo ezincane zangaphakathi. Yikuphi ukukhetha okungcono: ungatshala amamiksi asemgwaqweni noma ama-chrysanthemums abekwe ngamabhuleki e-burgundy. Umuntu ngamunye unezinto azithandayo, yingakho kungenzeki ukuphendula ngqo lo mbuzo.
