I-anyanisi ingenye yemifino esetshenziswa njalo, ngaphandle kwalokho kunzima ukucabanga okungenani ukudla okukodwa kwezwe.
Phela, ngokuba nephunga elimnandi nephunga elimnandi, lithola amanothi amnandi kakhulu lapho kuphathwa ukushisa.
Kodwa-ke, ukupheka akuyona indlela kuphela eyaziwayo yokusebenzisa lemifino, ngoba ivame ukusetshenziswa emithi, njengesidakamizwa se-antiviral kanye ne-anesthetic yokushisa.
Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngensimu yomuntu ojwayelekile ngaphandle kwe-anyanisi, nakuba abantu abaningi besazi kakhulu ngezinto ezizalisayo nokutshala. Sizogcwalisa lesi sihloko ngezansi ukugcwalisa lezi zikhala zolwazi.
Kuyini i-sevok nokuthi ungayitshala kanjani? Siphendula imibuzo ethandwa kakhulu ngabalimi
I-Sevok - lokhu okuyizona izithombo zanisi owenziwe ngonyaka. Zitshalwe kuphela entwasahlobo, futhi ekupheleni konyaka wesibili ziveza isivuno esihle sama-anyanisi.
Le ndlela yiyona ejwayelekile kunazo zonke emazweni e-CIS futhi isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuzalisa ama-combs obukhali kunazo zonke zemifino, ngoba ikholelwa ukuthi izithombo zazo zigcinwa isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokutshala u-anyanisi ene-sev yiyo kuphela ekhona phambi kwenhlabathi enesihlabathi (cishe akunakwenzeka ukukhulisa u-anyanisi kusuka kumbewu kuzo).
Ngosizo lwe-sevka, kungenzeka ukuba uthole imiphumela ephezulu kakhulu yokuvunwa, okuyinto emhlabathini onisela kahle futhi onothile ungafinyelela ku-45 kilogremu endaweni engama-10 m2.
Phakathi kwe kufanelekile Sevka eziningi amanothi kanye 100% izithombo, ngisho ezimweni sezulu ezimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulokhu, izitshalo zivuthwa ngezikhathi ezimfushane: inkathi ekhulayo ye-bulb igcwaliswe ngokugcwele ezinsukwini ezingu-80-90 emva kokuhluma kokutshala ngokwayo.
Ngokuvamile, u-anyanisi onjalo awudingi ngisho nokuningi kokunisela nokufaka umquba, ngoba unomsoco owenziwe ngezakhi kanye nomswakama e-bulb yayo, futhi okulahlekile kungatholakala emhlabathini ngenxa yesimiso sezintambo ezithuthukile. Kukhona nokuvuthwa okuhle kwamazinga aminyene ka-anyanisi anjalo nokulondolozwa kwesikhathi eside esikhathini esibusika sesikhathi.
Yiziphi izimo ezibalulekile zokutshala nokukhula kwama-anyanisi amasethi
Njengazo zonke izitshalo, anyanisi bathanda kakhulu ukukhanya kwelanga nokufudumala. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwabo, le mifino izokhula kancane kancane futhi kancane kancane, amaqabunga ayo ayoba mncane futhi aphuze, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuvuna kuyoba mncane kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, umbhede we-anyanisi kufanele ube obala, akudingeki ukuba utshalwe izitshalo ezide, izitshalo ezinjalo akufanele zikhule ukusuka eningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga ingxenye yombhede.
Ukuhlanganyela ekulungiseleleni imibhede kufanele kucatshangelwe nokuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezikhulayo ngaphambili. Ngokuyinhloko, u-anyanisi awukwazi ukutshala embhedeni owodwa iminyaka emibili elandelanayo; awukwazi ukutshala emva kellicisi.
Ukhukhamba kanye izaqathe ziyizimbangi ezimbi ze-anyanisi. Iqiniso liwukuthi bachitha umhlabathi futhi ngeke kube khona izakhi ezidingekayo ku-anyanisi, futhi futhi, emhlabathini kungaba nesibungulu sezinambuzane noma izifo ezingathinta ama-bulb. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo sitshalwe kangcono emva kweminye i-sideratov ehlukahlukene, utamatisi, iklabishi nazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo, kanye namazambane.
Okusho ukuthi u-anyanisi akhula kakhulu ngemva kwalokho lezo zitshalo ezikutshala imali enkulu yezimila ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi eziphilayo.
Isimo esibaluleke kakhulu esiqinisekisa ukukhula okuhle kwe-anyanisi uhlobo lomhlabathi kanye nezinga lokuzala. Lesi sitshalo sifanelekele inhlabathi elula, njenge-loam.
Uma inhlabathi ingavuthi ngokwanele, lokhu kungalungiswa, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukukhula okulula kwezimpande futhi kudlula kalula umswakama kuyo. Lesi sigaba esibaluleke kakhulu sokukhula okuhle kwe-anyanisi, kodwa ukukhululeka kwayo kungalimaza.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, okuyinto entwasahlobo ingaqhubekela phambili ngaphezu komhlabathi (kulokhu, ukutshala akuqinisekisi lutho).
Ukunakwa kufanele kubhaliswe ezingeni le-acidity yenhlabathi oyothela kuyo i-sevok. Uma leli zinga liphakeme kakhulu, lesi sitshalo ngeke siphumelele kakhulu izakhi, futhi ngaso leso sikhathi, sihlakulele kabi.
Futhi, enhlabathini enjalo, u-anyanisi we-powdery powdery isikhutha, e-world yesayensi ebizwa ngokuthi i-pereosporosis, ikakhulukazi ithinteka kakhulu. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, inhlabathi enomsoco inconywa ukuba ihlahle, futhi ingenziwa nakwawa.
Yini ebalulekile ukwazi mayelana nokulungiselela indawo yokutshala ama-sept?
Ukulungiselela isayithi lokutshala u-anyanisi - ukumba nokudla kwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owokuqala uvame ukwenziwa ekwindla, lapho inhlabathi iguqulwa yonke ubude be-spade, bese uphinda, ngesikhathi sasekuseni, kuyoba lula futhi ngokushesha.
Ukukhulula umhlabathi, u-anyanisi osheshayo futhi ongcono uzokhula. Ngempela, ngenxa yokukhululeka, inhlabathi igcwele umoya okhulu futhi yandisa izikhathi eziningi amandla ayo okudlula umswakama.
Futhi, ukuthuthukisa i-agrophone, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa inani elidingekayo lomanyolo emhlabathini. Ungakondla kakade ekwindla, ngenkathi umba. Kuhle kakhulu ukuletha izinto eziphilayo, ezimele umquba omuncu noma i-peat compost.
Kakade entwasahlobo, ukuzala kwenhlabathi kwanda ngenxa yezimila zamaminerali. Noma kunjalo, ukwenza kwabo ngesikhathi esifanayo nangokwengeziwe akufanelekile, ngoba ayiphenduli kahle iminsalo. Kungcono ukuhlukanisa zibe izingxenye ezine, okokuqala okumele ukwenze lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi, kanti ezinye ezintathu ngesikhathi sokukhula.
Amathiphu ahlangene nensimu:
- Ukondla inhlabathi yokutshala u-anyanisi kungcono ukungasebenzisi umquba omusha. Phela, kungabangela izifo zesitshalo, futhi kuveliswe inani elikhulu lokhula engadini.
- akunakwenzeka ukwengeza udaba oluphilayo kanye ne-lime emhlabathini ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngoba bangakwazi ukuphendula ngendlela engeyona into enhle yokuzala inhlabathi, ukunciphisa inani le-nitrogen enhlabathini.
Enye ingozi ebalulekile ukuthi umquba omusha ushukumisa kakhulu ukukhula kwengxenye engaphezulu-phansi ye-ampu, okungukuthi, amaqabunga awo, okwenzeka ngokulimala okukhulu kulesibhu ngokwawo.
Ngilungiselela kanjani ama-seed bulbs for ukutshala ngesikhathi sehlobo sasehlobo?
Sivame ukuthenga i-sevok emakethe noma esitolo, ngoba ukuzikhulela ngokwembewu kunzima futhi akulula. Kodwa, emva kokuthengwa, akasoze afika ngokushesha.
Ekuqaleni kufanele kumiswe kahle, ukuthumela ama-bulb endaweni encane kakhulu (kodwa hhayi kubhethri futhi hhayi lapho umoya ushisa khona).
I-sevka yomndeni, evame ukunconywa ukuba igcinwe ekushiseni kwe-18ºС, kufanele isomiswe futhi iguzwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ikakhulukazi, okokuqala igcinwa izinsuku ezingu-15-20 ekamelweni elinokushisa okungaba ngu-20 ºС. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, ama-bulb kufanele afakwe egumbini elinamazinga okushisa angama-30 kuya ku-40 ºС, kodwa akufanelekile amahora angaphezulu kuka-10 ukuwagcina endaweni enjalo.
Ngenxa yalezi zinqubo, zonke izinsizakalo zokukhula ze-seeding ziqala ukusebenza ngokushesha, okusheshisa ukuqhuma kwayo ngemuva kokutshala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka ukuvimbela i-anyan leaf leafmanship. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona ingozi yokugcoba izinto zokutshala ezinjalo, ngakho-ke qaphela inqubo yokomisa nokushisa.
Impendulo enhle kakhulu ekukhuleni kwe-anyanisi yokucubungula imbewu ngosizo lokugqugquzela ukukhula nokubunjwa kwezimpande. Ikakhulukazi, ama-bulbs angaphathwa ngezixazululo zemithi ejwayelekile kakhulu futhi eyaziwayo - "Humisol", "Growth-1" noma "Zircon".
Imithi enjalo ingakwazi ukushintshwa ngempumelelo isisombululo esiyinkimbinkimbi esenziwe ngamaminerali omanyolo - usawoti we-potassium, i-nitrogen ne-superphosphates. Bamba ama-bulb kulesisombululo cishe amahora angu-5.
Ukuze ekugcineni ugcwalise ukulungiswa kokutshala kokutshala, namanje kunconywa ukuba kube ne-disinfected. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokunciphisa ama-bul noma isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-sulfate yethusi, okuyi-1 ithisipuni yalomanyolo isetshenziswa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi, noma ku-potassium permanganate ehlakazekile.
Iseluleko somlimi wezithelo: uma ungenayo isikhathi esanele nesikhathi sokwenza ukushisa kwembewu, ungesabi ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungenziwa ngaphambi kokutshala, usebenzisa amanzi okushisa ku-45-50 ° C. Kudingeka uthele anyanisi bese ushiya imizuzu engu-10, bese uvula amanzi ashisayo, bese ugcwalisa ngamanzi abandayo.
Izici zezikhathi zokutshala sevka: yiziphi izici zezulu okufanele ngizinake?
Kunzima kakhulu ukubiza izinsuku ezithile zokutshala i-sevka ezweni elivulekile. Phela, iqiniso liwukuthi ngokwenza lokhu kusenesikhathi futhi ngokutshala amababule enhlabathini ebandayo, sizofeza kuphela ukukhula komcibisholo womnsalo, hhayi yena.
Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwempande luzokhula kancane kancane, futhi ngisho nangemva kokuba amaqabunga afinyelele usayizi wawo omkhulu futhi ayeke ukukhula, i-bulb ngeke isakwazi ukubamba.
Kodwa ekupheleni kokutshala isivuno esihle ngeke siphumelele, ngoba inhlabathi iyoba yilelo xesha, futhi endaweni ephakathi lesi sitshalo singase singabi nesikhathi esanele sokushisa ukuvuthwa ngokugcwele futhi sigcwalise inkathi ekhulayo.
Nge-sevok efudumele nentsasa yasentwasahlobo ingatshalwa ekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi ka-Ephreli, noma okwesithathu. Ngomthombo oshisayo, kudingeka ulinde isikhathi lapho inhlabathi ivuselela okungenani ukujula komunwe.
Uma ukushisa kwenhlabathi kungaphansi kwe-12ºС, akufanele ucabange ngisho nokutshala u-anyanisi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kufanelekile ukulalela izimo zezulu futhi ukuqapha njalo isimo sezulu ngaphandle, kodwa futhi nokubikezela kwayo.
Izici zesimiso sokutshala anyanisi nge-sevka: kanjani ukusebenzisa kahle indawo yensimu?
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukutshala kwangempela kwe-anyanisi, udinga ukulinganisa umhlabathi wombhede bese uyidonsela ngaphesheya kwemigqa, futhi ama-bulbs azotshala. Ngakho-ke, kuyokwazi ukubikezela ngokushesha ukuthi zingakanani izitshalo ezizotshala.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze utshale i-sevok ngokwesikimu esilungile, kuyadingeka ukuyihlunga, ukhethe kwelinye icala elikhulu ama-bulb, futhi okwesibili kuncane. Sicabanga ukuthi nonke nonke nicabanga ukuthi ngamabhula amakhulu kunokwenzeka ukuthola isivuno esikhulu, ngakho-ke ibanga eliphakathi kwawo kufanele lenziwe libe likhulu.
Ngakho-ke, lawo mababu anesisindo esingaphansi kuka-1 cm, atshalwa kude kumamitha angu-4-5. Ngokungezwa ububanzi bomhlaba ngamunye wamamitha angu-5 alandelayo, ibanga eliphakathi kwama-bulb kufanele landa ngamapentimitha angu-1-3. Kodwa ungakhohlwa mayelana nebanga eliphakathi kwemigqa: kungcono ukuthi libe okungenani amasentimitha angu-20. Le ndawo izokusiza kakhulu ukucubungula nokunakekelwa anyanisi, nokuvumela ukutshala i-dill kuso.
Uhlelo lokutshala olunjalo ngeke luvumele kuphela ama-amp ukuba athole izakhi ezanele futhi angaphazamisani, kodwa futhi asebenzise kahle indawo yensimu yakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo ziyoba ngcono umoya, ngeke kube nezifo ezibi kakhulu.
Ngokuqondene nokutshala ngokuqondile kwe-sev enhlabathini, ngalesosikhathi ebangeni elibekiwe kusuka komunye nomunye, ama-bulbs abambelele enhlabathini. Ngokwemvelo, isisekelo sabo kufanele sibe ngaphansi.
Akufanele ubangcwabe ngokujulile, ngoba lokhu kuzothinta inqubo yokuhluma. Ukuze uthuthukise izithombo, ubuso bomhlabathi emva kokutshala kungagubungelwa nge-mulch. Imifino izoqala ukuyiqeda ngesonto, futhi ngesinye isonto kuyokwazi ukukhipha umbukiso.
Ungaziqonda kanjani njengomnsalo ukuthi usuvele usususwe?
Izimpawu ukuthi u-anyanisi usuvele ukhule ngokugcwele kuzoba okulandelayo:
- Amaqabunga amancane aluhlaza asakhiwa, nalabo abahamba kancane kancane.
- Futhi, ngaphandle kokuphuza nokuma, amaqabunga anyanisi awa, sag.
- Ukushintsha okubonakalayo kwe-anyanisi entanyeni, okuba yinto encane ekuthinteni futhi kancane kancane.
- I-bulb ngokwayo ithola umbala omuhle, okuyisici sokwehluka kwayo.
Okunye okuthakazelisayo ukufunda ngokutshala anyanisi ebusika
Imithetho yokunakekelwa anyanisi: kanjani ukwandisa isivuno sesivuno futhi uyivikele ezinambuzane ezikhona?
Ama-anyanisi afana nomswakama kanye namanzi kufanele kube ningi kakhulu, kodwa ungakhohlwa ukucabangela izimo zezulu. Ngokuyinhloko, sonke isigamu sokuqala sonyaka okhulayo senziwa izikhathi ezingu-2 ngesonto.
Ngo-Julayi, ukuchelela kungenzeka kakade kwenziwe okungavamile, ngoba umswakama obuningi ungalimaza i-bulb. Kodwa kakade ngesikhatsi sokuvuna, okungukuthi, amasonto amabili ngaphambi kwalokhu, ukuchelela kumele kumiswe ngokuphelele.
Umanyolo womhlabathi - ukwandisa isivuno semifino ye-anyanisi
Ukudla kokuqala anyanisi kungenziwa kakade amasonto amabili emva kokutshala, usebenzisa izixazululo zomquba. Ukudla okulandelayo kuqhutshwa kungekudala kunamaviki amathathu.
Amaminerali amaminerali angasetshenziswa, angasetshenziswa omile futhi kanye ngenkathi.
Ukuphuza imibhede nge anyanisi - udinga ukugcina inhlabathi ngaphansi komusi omnyama?
Impendulo yombuzo ebuzwe nguyebo. Bow udinga ukukhula ukhula njalo. Phela, lapho kukhona inqwaba yokhula ebhedeni, kunomswakama okhulayo owenziwe emhlabathini, okungaholela ekubangeni izifo ze-anyanisi.
Futhi, uma "uhlala" embhedeni owodwa nokhula, intamo ye-bulb iba mnandi kakhulu futhi iyamanzi. Kulesi simo, kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukuyomisa, ngeke ukwazi ukuyigcina isikhathi eside.
Sigcwalisa umhlabathi nge-oxygen futhi senze ukukhula kwezimpande zananisi ngokukhululeka
Ngaphambi kokuba kuvele amahlumela okuqala anyanisi, inhlabathi idinga ukukhululwa.
Uma kungenjalo, kungase kube nokweqweqwe okweqile, okuyinto isitshalo esiyoba nzima ukuyiqeda.
Ukukhululeka kuyenzeka phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokukhula ko-anyanisi, futhi ngesikhathi sokufinyelela ama-bulb wezinga eliphakathi, kudingeka badonse inhlabathi kancane.
Lokhu kuzosiza ukuthola amandla amaningi okukhula futhi maduze uvuthwe.
I-anyanisi yokuvikela izifo: kanjani futhi nini?
Ngokuvamile u-anyanisi uthinteka yizifo ezihlukahlukene ze-fungal, inkathazo eyaziwayo yalesi sitshalo yizindiza ezinamafutha. Ukuze ugweme ukubhekana nezibonakaliso ezithile zezifo ezinjalo, kungcono ukwenza imithi yokuvimbela.
Isixazululo esinempumelelo kakhulu sisebenzisa:
- 1 ithisipuni ye vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Isipuni esingu-1 sesephu elimanzi.
- 10 amalitha amanzi.
Zonke lezi zithako zixutshwe futhi zisebenzisa isisombululo esifanayo zingasetshenziswa amaqabunga anyanisi. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukucubungula okunjalo kwenziwa kuphela esigabeni lapho ubude bamaqabunga bufinyelela okungenani amasentimitha angu-12.
Futhi, umhlabathi uvame ukufafazwa ngokhuni lomlotha. Lezo zokwelapha zenziwa ngezikhathi ezinsukwini ezingu-20.
