Isidingo sezitshalo zoqobo nezithelo zakwamanye amazwe ziyanda minyaka yonke. Abantu abanasidingo sokuzama nje kuphela izithelo zaphesheya, kepha bazama nokuzikhulisa bebodwa. Isihlahla se-Melon, noma i-pepino - enye yezinketho ezitholakalayo zezitshalo ezihlala ngaphandle ezingakhula nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nezithelo ngesimo sezulu saseRussia.
Yini i-pepino, ibukeka kanjani izithelo?
I-Pepino iyisihlahla esincane esihlala sihlala sihlala silinganiswa somndeni wakwaSolanaceae. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungamamitha ayi-1.5. Ngenxa yokufana kokunambitheka nge-melon nemango, isihlahla se-pepino sathola amagama athi "ikhabe" kanye "nomango ikhukhamba". Kwesinye isikhathi, ngenxa yokufana kwesimo sezithelo ngethanga, izihlahlana ezibizwa nge- "melon peari."
Pepino ngezithelo
Kunzima ukunikeza incazelo ethile kulesi sitshalo, ngoba uhlobo ngalunye lunikezwe izinhlamvu zalo morphological. Ngokuvamile, singasho ukuthi, ngaphandle, kuhlanganisa nezimpawu zesolanaceous ezihlukile: isiqu sibukeka njengeqanda, izimbali zinjengamazambane, amaqabunga afana nopelepele.
Izithelo zomuthi we-melon zingaba-oblong, eziyindilinga, ezinomzimba owenziwe ngethanga. Umbala we-pepino ovuthiwe uhluka kusuka ku-ukhilimu uye ophuzi ophuzi. I-peel ingahle ibe yimicu emichashazi noma imnyama. Isisindo se-pepino sisukela ku-200 kuye ku-750 g.
I-pulp yezithelo ibunjiwe, ayinamibala noma iphuzi, inambitha njengekhabe elihlanganiswe nophayinaphu.
Kubalulekile! I-Pepino isithelo esine-khalori ephansi equkethe amavithamini (C, B1, B2, PP), i-potassium nensimbi. Kufanelekile ngisho nokudla kwengane.
I-Pepino ingatshalwa kokubili njengendawo eluhlaza kanye njengesitshalo. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sitshalo kubhekwa njengeNingizimu Melika, esikhathini sethu kuvame ukutholakala eChile, eNew Zealand nasePeru. I-melon pearl nayo ithola ukuthandwa eRussia.
Igama le-Melon Treeake
I-Melon pearl (pepino) ivame ukudidaniswa nomuthi we-melon (papaya). Abantu bavame ukuthenga imbewu ye-papaya, balindele ukuthi bakhule i-pepino. Njengoba ukukhulisa i-papaya yasekhaya kusuka ezinhlanyelweni akunzima kuneparele le-melon, abaqalayo babona umphumela wokusebenza kwabo futhi bayamangala. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi bathengiswa imbewu engafanele esitolo, abanye baqinisekiswa nangaphezu kokudideka, bakholisa wonke umuntu ukuthi bakhule pepino.
Ngaphansi kwegama lomuthi we-melon we-pentagonal, isitshalo esifana neBabako siyaziwa. Lokhu kungukutshala kwe-namesino pepino yesithathu ekhaya okunezimpawu zayo. Kulula ukudideka nama-exotic, ikakhulukazi uma izithelo zingakaveli.
Ngaphambi kokuzama ukutshala i-papaya, kufanele uqhathanise ngesithombe futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ngamathambo esitshalo se-papaya. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukudideka kuzoqala futhi. Lapho uthenga, kubalulekile ukunaka ukulembeka kwesikhwama ngembewu, ngaphandle kwalokho ungathenga isitshalo esingaziwa ngokuphelele.
Kubalulekile! Abalimi abaningi abangenalwazi bakhathazeka ngokuthi kungadliwa yini amathambo e-papaya. Lo mbuzo ungaphendulwa ku-affirmative: imbewu evela ezitsheni zazo zombili izihlahla iyadliwa futhi inempilo.
Izici Ezikhulayo
Kunenkinga enkulu ngokukhula kwe-melon peak - isimo sezulu saseRussia asisihambelani nesitshalo, futhi kufanele ubheke njalo amazinga okushisa kanye nomswakama egumbini. Kepha injabulo engakanani ongayithola ngokukhula indoda exubile naughty ngokwakho.
Isihlahla som Melon ngaphakathi
Isibani
U-Pepino uthanda ukukhanya futhi akakubekezeleli okusalungiswa, ngokusho kwalezi zinkomba, udinga ukukhetha indawo yokulinyelwa.
Ukunisela
Kuyadingeka ukuthambisa inhlabathi njengoba yomile, ngezingxenye ezincane. Ngohlelo oluphezulu lwesihlahla se-amakhabe, umswakama owedlulele uyabulala. Ngokunisela, udinga ukusebenzisa amanzi ahleliwe emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni ukuze i-pepino emnene ingabinamandla.
Ukushisa
Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokukhulisa amakhabe amakhabe ngu-20-25 ° C. Iphuzu elibucayi yi-14 ° C, uma i-thermometer yehla, isitshalo singafa.
Ukubumba noGarter
Ukuze amahlumela amancane angaphuki futhi akhule, kufanele aboshwe. Ukwenza i-pepino, ochwepheshe beluleka emahlumela angama-1-2. Onke amameyili amancane kufanele aphulwe ngokucophelela ngesandla. Siqondiswe ngqo elangeni, isitshalo esakhiwe kahle sithela izithelo eziningi ezinesikhathi sokuvuthwa elangeni futhi zithole wonke umsoco kusuka amahlumela ambalwa.
Inhlabathi
Isitshalo sidinga inhlabathi ene-acidity engathathi hlangothi, enokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-nitrogen (ngaphandle kwalokho i-pepino izoqala ukukhiqiza isisindo esiluhlaza ngokweqile ukulimaza izithelo). Izinga lokushisa lomhlaba okutshalelwayo ngalo akufanele liwe ngaphansi kwama-20 ° C.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Njengomanyolo, izithasiselo zokukhula noma isixazululo sokwehla kwezinyoni sisetshenziswa. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqala ezinsukwini eziyi-14 ngemuva kokutshalwa kwe-pepino endaweni ehlala njalo futhi kuyaphindwa isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku eziyi-14 ukuya kwezi-20.
Izimbali nokuvuna
Izinyanga ezingama-2-3 ngemuva kokutshala, i-pepino iqala ukuqhuma. Izimbali zeLilac zivela amahlumela amancanyana, ahlanganiswe ngokuqondile ekubosheni kwesibhamu esiseduze, ukuze ngaphansi kwesisindo sazo izigaxa zingaqhekeki.
Izimbali
I-peating yezimbali yasekhaya ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali kufanele ibekwe endaweni enomoya omncane bese uzama ukudala izimo ezihamba kahle kakhulu. Ngokushintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama, lesi sitshalo singalahla ama-ovari nama-buds.
Kubalulekile! I-Pepino ingeyokuzitshalo ezenzelwa impova, kepha "ingasizwa" ngokuthepha kancane ngomunwe kwisikhonkwane.
Lapho kuvela amaqanda esitshalweni, imvamisa yokunisela kufanele inyuswe. I-Melon pearl iyisithelo se-namanzi, ukwakheka kwayo okuzodinga umswakama omningi. Kodwa-ke, akudingekile ukugcwalisa ngokweqile, ngaphandle kwalokho izithelo zingabola.
I-Pepino iyavuthwa kungakapheli izinyanga ezi-2. Izithelo zikhula ngosayizi, zithola umbala kanye nephunga. Ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okude, izithelo zigawulwa nama secateurs ngaphandle kokulimaza umngcele ngomlenze. U-Pepino uthunyelwa eshalofini elingaphansi kwesiqandisi futhi ligcinwe izinyanga ezi-1 kuye kwezi-2, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesihlahla se-melon seRussia
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-20 kwezinhlobo ze-melon pear, kepha yi-2 kuphela yazo evame ukusetshenziselwa ukutshala ezindaweni ezise-Russian: Consuelo neRamses. Abalimi abavela ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele bayakwazi ukuzitshala endaweni evulekile futhi zithole isivuno.
Izinhlobonhlobo Consuelo
Pepino Consuelo
Izinhlobonhlobo zabhalwa kuRejista Yombuso ngonyaka we-1999, ezinconyelwe ukulinywa kwe-greenhouse kanye nomhlaba ovulekile.
I-Pepino Consuelo ayidingi ukucwilisa iziqongo (indeterminant). Iziqu zingububende obunsomi, obude obungaphezulu kuka-150 cm, besebenza ngokuqinile. Amaqabunga mancane, aphelele, aluhlaza ngombala.
Izimbali zibukeka njengamazambane. Amacembe amhlophe, iningi linemivimbo ebubende. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izimbali ezimhlophe ezihlanzekile azakheli amaqanda, kodwa zibhoboke.
Ezinyangeni ezi-4 ngemuva kokukhula, isivuno sokuqala singavunwa. Izithelo zinobunzima obungu-420 kuya ku-580 g. Isikhumba sibushelelezi, ophuzi-orenji, sinemivimbo ebubende, imichilo. Ukwakheka kwe-pepino yalokhu okuhlukahlukene kufana nenhliziyo enephupho elimfushane. Uginindela wesithelo unoshukela omnandi kakhulu, unephunga elimnandi le-melon.
Izinhlobonhlobo zinesivuno esikhulu kanye nokuhluma okuhle.
Kuyathakazelisa. Yize i-pepino ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi isithelo, ngokubona kwe-botany, iyi-berry. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bachaza i-melon pearl njengemifino, kanye nezinye ezingomakhelwane.
Izinhlanga Ezinhlobonhlobo
I-Pepino Ramses
Le nhlobonhlobo yafakwa ohlwini lweRejista Yombuso ngonyaka we-1999. Inconyelwe ukulinyelwa kulo lonke elaseRussia. Lesi sitshalo asiphakathi, kanti amahlumela angaphezulu kuka-1.5 m. Amahlumela aluhlaza ngombala onsomi. Amaqabunga aphakathi, aluhlaza ngombala, emaphethelweni onke.
Umbala nokwakheka kwezimbali kuyafana nakwezinhlobonhlobo zeConsuelo. URamses uhlukaniswa ngokuvuthwa kwangaphambili: ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-3.5. Izithelo zakhiwe ngesigaxa, zibunjiwe, zinesisindo esisuka ku-400 kuye kuma-480 g Ngokuya kweRegional State, umbala wesikhumba sezithelo uphuzi, kepha, ngokubuka, ama-pepino Ramses avame ukugqokwa ngombala wekhilimu ngamabala ansomi.
Isikhumba mncane, sicwebezelayo. I-pulp iphuzi, ine-namanzi, inephunga le-melon ekhanyayo.
Le nhlobonhlobo imelana kakhulu kuneConsuelo, inekuhluma okuhle futhi ngokunakekelwa okufanele kunikeza isivuno esihle.
Ungakhula kanjani ekhaya
Kunombono wokuthi i-pepino etholwe ngendlela yokusika inika izithelo ezinkulu nezinencasa. Lokhu kungaqinisekiswa ngesandla sokuqala.
Ukukhula i-pepino kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Njengoba ukukhanya okuningana ezinsukwini zasehlobo kungavusa amaqanda okuwa, kungcono ukuhlwanyela pepino ekwindla. Ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo singaba nesikhathi sokuqhakaza futhi siqokelele izithelo ngaphambi kwezinsuku zelanga lasehlobo. Ungahlwanyela imbewu entwasahlobo, kepha kulokhu amabhasi asekhule futhi akha i-ovary kuzodingeka ukuthi anciphiswe.
Imvamisa babhala cishe ukuqhuma kwe-100% yembewu ye-pepino. Le mininingwane kungenzeka yethulwe ukuze ikhangise ngembewu, njengoba ochwepheshe belinganisa izinga lokuhluma kwethanga le-melon ngo-50-60%.
Akuzona zonke izinhlobo ze-pepino ezinembewu.
Pepino likhula ekhaya kusuka imbewu:
- Khetha isitsha esilungele ukuhluma, isibonelo, isitsha sepulasitiki.
- Yenza izimbobo ezansi. Beka i-drainage kanye nesendlalelo sesihlabathi esihlanganayo esivele sibaliwe kuhhavini ukuze kubulawe amagciwane esitsheni.
- Faka ungqimba lomhlabathi wezakhi ezitsheni. Cindezela phansi kancane ukuze imbewu iwele phansi.
- Fafaza inhlabathi ngesisombululo se-foundationazole.
- Sakaza ngobumnene imbewu ngaphezulu.
- Mboza isitsha nge-foil noma ngengilazi.
- Ukufika kusakazwa nsuku zonke, kunciphe njengoba kunesidingo ebhodleleni lokufafaza. Kubaluleke kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi ukugcina umbuso wokushisa ongu-25-28 ° C.
- I-phytolamp noma omunye umthombo wokukhanya ufakiwe u-10-15 cm ukusuka esitsheni. I-dosing yenziwa ubusuku nemini, ukusuka ekuhlwanyeleni kuya ekukheni.
- Imbewu izoluma ngezinsuku eziyi-7, kepha hhayi zonke. Amanye kungenzeka angaqhumi kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-30. Njengoba i-pepino ikhula, isibani kufanele sisuswe eceleni. Ezinye amahlumela azikwazi ukuzithululela ngokuzimele ijazi lembewu futhi zibole. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kuzodingeka ubasize ngokususa igobolondo ngenaliti ehlanzekile.
- Ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga lesithathu, izithombo zidonswa izinkomishi ezihlukile.
- Ngemuva kwesonto, umbani wehliselwa kumahora ayi-16.
Izithombo
Izithombo zingabhalwa ngeposi, kepha izitshalo ezibuthakathaka akunakwenzeka ukufinyelela isengezo siphephile futhi sinomsindo. Kungcono ukuzama ukuzikhulisa ngokwendlela echazwe ngenhla evela ezinhlanyelweni.
Uma imbewu yayihlwanyelwa ekwindla, khona-ke ngentwasahlobo izithombo kufanele zikhule ziqine. Ekuqaleni kukaMashi, ukunqampuna kumisiwe futhi izitshalo zibekwe efasiteleni.
Akunzima ukunakekela izithombo kunanoma yikuphi okunye okusondelene:
- Ukunisela kufanele kube njalo, kepha hhayi kuningi kakhulu;
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa emavikini ama-2 emva kokuntywila. Ungasebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, unciphise umthamo ophindwe kabili, noma ugqoke okhethekile okuphezulu kwezithombo. Phinda kube kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-14;
- Ukudluliselwa ezitsheni ezinkulu kwenziwa ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga angama-6-8.
Ukukhula i-pepino kusuka ku-cuttings
Ukudilizwa phansi ngesikhathi kusungulwa indodana yokutholwa akunakuphonswa kude, kepha kusetshenziswe njengezinqumo ze-mizizi. Amacembe aphansi okusikiwe ayaqedwa bese efakwa ingilazi yamanzi noma ebekwe enhlabathini ekhanyayo.
I-Pepino ayidingeki ukuthi imbozwe, kepha izitshalo ngokuvamile zizodinga ukufafazwa. Izimpande ezinale ndlela yokuzala zikhula ngokushesha. Uma isiqu sendele enhlabathini, kufanele sisuswe kanye nesigaxa sobumba ezimpandeni futhi kuleli fomu sibekwe ebhodweni.
Sika izithelo
Ukutshala i-pepino ekhaya, ikakhulukazi kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, akuwona umsebenzi olula. Ukwamukela “inselelo” enjalo yezindawo ezishisayo kungumsebenzi othokozisayo ongeke ushiye abathandi bezitshalo abathandayo.
