AmaBotanists athi lesi sitshalo sihlekisa. Phakathi kwabantu, igama elithi Jasmine imbali linamathele ngokuqinile kummeli weKamnelomkov (Gortenziev). Bayasithanda lesi sitshalo ngephunga laso elimunyu nokubukeka kokuhlobisa. Izihlahla zeShrubbery zitholakala kumapaki amadolobha.
Ukuhlobisa ingadi
Hlakulela isiko ngezihlahla ezizodwa ezingadini bese usebenzisa uthango.
Inentshisekelo ngejasmine
Akunakunyundelwa endle eRussia - yisitshalo sengadi. Ngaphandle kokuthi eCrimea nasezintabeni zaphansi kweCaucasus, ungakhubeka phezu kwamahlathi angalimile we-jasmine shrubbery.
Lesi sitshalo silethwe eRussia izithunywa ezivela eJalimane ngekhulu le-17 njengesipho kuTsar Alexei Romanov, obeka izingadi ezintsha. Isihlahla safika eYurophu sivela emazweni ama-Arabhu ngezikhathi zamaqaba, lapho imvelo ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu. Izimbali zeJasmine zidonsela ukunaka iphunga elimhlophe qhwa nephunga elimnandi. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi sitshalo saqala ukubhekwa njengophawu lokungenacala, uthando olumsulwa futhi sabizwa ngokuthi "umuthi womakoti."
Ngokuqala kobuKristu, umhleki wosulu akazange alahlekelwe ukubaluleka kwawo. Kusukela kule nkathi waba imbali yeNkosazana uMariya futhi efanekisela ubufazi, umusa. E-Asia, ubudlelwano obukhethekile kulesi sitshalo. Uhlotshaniswa nesithombe sikanina, ohlonishwa njengomuthi ongcwele, futhi ubizwa nangokuthi "ukhiye weparadesi."
Isibonakaliso sokuba msulwa
UJasmine Chubushnik wabizwa eNdiya, exhuma isitshalo ngenganekwane enhle. Kukhuluma uthando lwenkosazana olungalinganiyo neLanga uNkulunkulu. UJasmine okhipha inyumbazana wazibulala, lokhu kwawuthinta kakhulu umphefumulo wesithixo. Unkulunkulu weLanga wakhula isihlahla esihle kusuka emlotheni wentombazane. Kepha wamnika amandla okuvula izimbali kuphela ebusuku, ukuze angahlangani nomphefumulo wenkosazana.
EYurophu, lesi sitshalo saziwa kangcono ngokuthi iPhiladelphus (kusuka igama lesiLatini elithi Philadélphus). Ngokwenye inguqulo, isihlahla se-jasmine sabizwa ngegama lokuhlonipha iKing Ptolemy Philadelphus, isazi semvelo esishisekayo. Eyesibili - isuselwa ekuhumusheni okunembile okuvela kwisiLatini - "ukuthanda umfowethu." UPhiladelphus uthanda ukuhlanganisa izimpande nezinye izitshalo.
I-Chubushnikom engadini jasmine yaqanjwa eRussia. Iziqu eziyize zesitshalo, ezazikhululwe emthanjeni othambile, zazisetshenziselwa ukwenza amapayipi okubhema (ayebizwa nge-chubuki). Khiqizwa futhi kusuka kumagatsha wepayipi kanye nesitshizi.
Ngabe umhleki wosulu ubukeka kanjani?
Kunezitshalo ezimbalwa kuphela ezitshalwa ezivandeni, nomehluko ngezindlela eziningi. Kunezici ezifanayo ezisiza ekuboneni ukuthi i-jasmine ibukeka kanjani:
- Lesi isitshalo esinemithi emincane emincane;
- inamaqabunga aphambene ngokuphelele;
- imbali ye-jasmine shrub yesimo esijwayelekile, amathunzi akhanyayo.
Phakathi kwabalimi kukhona izingxabano ngesihloko, i-jasmine shrub noma isihlahla. Uma siqhathanisa nenani leziqu, lesi sitshalo singabizwa ngokuthi yi-bushy. Kepha izinkuni ziwugqinsi, ama-mock-ups afinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-3-4. Ngakho-ke, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-jasmine isihlahla.
Phakathi kwama-chubushniks akhulele eRussia, izinhlobo ezi-3 zivamile, zinomehluko ohlukile kwesinye.
Izinhlobo eziphambili ze-jasmine
| Igama | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Umqhele | Lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha amathathu, kepha kukhona amafomu amancane engadi. Inika ama-inflorescence abukeka njengamabhulashi. Izimbali ezimhlophe ezinekhilimu zifinyelela kububanzi obungamasentimitha angama-3.5. Kukhona ne-terry jasmine enezimbali ezinkulu. |
| Izimbali ezinkulu | IChubushnik ikhula ize ifike kumamitha ayi-4. Umbala omhlophe qhwa oneqhwa emagatsheni aseceleni ngendlela emabhulashi amahle amakhulu |
| I-Lemoine | Kunezindlela ezincane futhi ezinde (ukuya kufinyelela kumamitha amathathu). Ama-inflorescence ama-pistillate aqoqwa kusuka kuzimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe, eziphindwe kabili kunobubanzi obungu-4 cm. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinama-inflorescence ngesimo ama-sultans avele engxenyeni yemitha ubude |
I-Chubushnik coronet
Nakani! IJasmine isitshalo esomelana nobusika, ngakho-ke sitshalwa ngenkuthalo ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Kepha iChubushnik, ekhula eningizimu, inikeza umbala omuhle kakhulu.
Isitshalo siqhakaza kanjani
UJasmine shrub mude, onjengesihlahla. Ngaphezu kwezimbali ezimhlophe noma ukhilimu, futhi iqhakaza negolide elikhanyayo. I-Budding kwenzeka ngoMeyi, kusukela ngoJuni ingadi igcwele iphunga elimnandi eliphikelelayo.
Abanye bazibuza ukuthi ama-jasmine blooms futhi nini, uma phakathi nosuku amacembe awo evaliwe. I-Chubushnik inflorescences ivuka ngokuqala kobumnyama (lapho uNkulunkulu weLanga eye kophumula). Iphunga elikhishwe yi-jasmine liqinile kangangokuba amanothi alo angancipha engadini kuze kube semini enkulu.
Izikhathi zezinhlaka zezinhlobonhlobo zingahluka. Izimbali eziningi zihlala kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti. I-coronet chubushnik kuphela ekhombisa ama-petals ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20, ekwazi ukunikeza umbala omningi ngalesi sikhathi.
Iphunga le-jasmine elibalulekile lisetshenziswa ngokuqinile kumakha amakha ukwakha amakha, ama-colognes, ama-deodorants. Amathiphu wezimbali anamahlaya ahlekisayo athandwa emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yempahla yawo tonic.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ezitshalwe eRussia
Ngokushesha lapho kuvela i-jasmine eRussia, ngokushesha yaba isitshalo esiyintandokazi sabalimi. Basebenza ngokuzikhandla kulinywe amasiko, abafuyi basekhaya nabangaphandle. Izinhlobo eziningi, ngaphandle komehluko wangaphandle, zihambisana nesimo sezulu saseRussia.
Ukukhetha kukaVictor Lemoine
Maphakathi nekhulu le-19, lo wezimbali wezimbali wazakhela igama ngokuthandwa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingavamile. Umndeni weLemoine udale izinhlobo eziningi zamasiko okuhlobisa. Omunye wabokugcina babehlekisa, behlukaniswa ngephunga labo elingajwayelekile.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo ze-jasmine Lemoine
| Igama | Izici | Izimbali |
|---|---|---|
| Mont Blanc | Isihlahla sifinyelela kumitha ukuphakama. Izimbali ezincane ezingena-iqhwa ezincanyana (ezifika ku-3 cm) eziqoqwe ngama-pc ama-3-5. kuma-inflorescence amahle. Ama-petals asenkabeni yezimbali athungwe ngaphakathi. Ngaphandle okubanzi, emuva emuva ngomqondo omuhle, yakha umugqa omugqa ngaphandle kwezikhala. | Iqhakaza maphakathi noJuni futhi iphunga izinyanga ezi-1-1,5. |
| Glecher | Isihlahla esingamamitha esisodwa nesigamu sihlukaniswa ngeziqu ezakhiwe ezinamachashaza anamahlamvu okusaqanda. Izimbali ze-Gustomakhrovye ezinkulu (cm cm ubukhulu) ezingama-5-7 ama-pcs. eqoqwe ngamaqhubu aminyene ama-inflorescence afinyelela ku-6 cm. Lawo, ahlanganiswe nama-sultans amakhulu amancanyana (0.5-0.7 m lilinye). | Inika umbala ekuqaleni kukaJuni futhi isikhathi eside ijabulisa ngephunga labantu abaseduze. |
| U-Ermine Mantle | Isihlahla esincane (0.8-1 m), sicishe sibe yigumbi elinemidwebo eminingi emi ngaphandle sinamahlamvu amancanyana, anamaqabunga amahle namagatsha acishe alengiswa. Ama-inflorescence akhiwa ngokuningana kumahlumela aseceleni. Ziqukethe izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe ezinesiqingatha (2,5-3 cm), eziqoqwe ngamaqembu ama-2-3 ama-pcs. | Idlula zonke ezinye izinhlobo ngesikhathi sezimbali. Iqala amakha kusuka engxenyeni yokuqala kaJuni, ilahla umbala ngo-Agasti kuphela. |
Jasmine Blizzard
Ekukhetheni kweVekhov kusenezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezinhle ezingaba umhlobiso wangempela wanoma yisiphi isiza.
Dlulisa emva kokuthenga endaweni evulekile
Ngokubona kanye isihlahla sokuhlobisa, abalimi bacabanga ukuthi bangayitshala kanjani i-jasmine, ukuze isheshe ivumelane nendawo entsha. Akukho maqhinga akhethekile wokufakelwa, kepha kufanelekile ukunaka amanye amaphuzu.
I-Chubushnik iyazikhethela ekukhetheni isayithi. Ingakhula ngokujwayelekile kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, noma incishwe izinto eziwusizo. Into kuphela ebalulekile ukuthi umhlaba akufanele ube usawoti.
Izithombo zithengwa kangcono ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo lapho ikhula i-jasmine ezitsheni. Izitshalo ezinjalo zingahanjiswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Kubalulekile! Ngamakhasi anezimpande ezivulekile, isikhathi esifanele sokufakelwa ekwindla noma kwentwasahlobo. Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga aqhakazayo azivamile ukuba nezimpande.
Ukukhetha indawo enhle kakhulu
Uma i-jasmine ingenazikhalazo ngokukhethwa kwenhlabathi, khona-ke kunezidingo ezithile zendawo ehlala unomphela kwisitshalo:
- ukuhleka usulu kungenzeka kube khona emthunzini, kepha kuzoqhakaza kuphela elangeni;
- isitshalo si-hygrophilous, kepha isilinganiso somswakama wenhlabathi kufanele sibe maphakathi; uma liphezulu, ungqimba lwamanzi luyadingeka;
- UJasmine akabuthandi isizungu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusitshala eduze namanye amahlahla.
Nakani! Ungafaki ukuhlekisa ezindaweni eziphansi lapho kuqongelela khona umswakama. Ukukhetha amagquma elanga, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi akukho okubhaliwe.
Inqubo yesinyathelo sokufika
Ukutshala isithombo kungumcimbi ojwayelekile kubahlali behlobo. Ku-jasmine enezimpande, kunezici ezithile ezibalulekile ku-algorithm yokutshala:
- endaweni elungiselelwe bambe umgodi ongaphezulu amahlandla ama-2 ngesigaxa sobumba;
- ezansi kwakubeka ungqimba lwamanzi olungamasentimitha ayi-15 ukuya kwe-20 ukusuka etsheni eliqhekekile noma esihlabathini;
- khona-ke kuthunyelwa umhlaba ovundisiwe, kushiya isikhala samahhala esilingana nokuphakama kwesitsha kusuka phezulu komgodi;
Ukufika kweChubushnik
- isithombo sisuswa ngokucophelela esitsheni bese sifakwa enkabeni yomgodi, silinganisa izimpande;
- abafafaze ngomhlaba, bezama ukugcina sonke isiqu ngaphandle (ngaphandle kwalokho kunengozi yokubola).
Thinta inhlabathi bese wakhe umbuthano wokunisela, lapho kulethwa khona amabhakede amabili amanzi. I-mulch ibekwe ngaphezulu ukuze umhlaba uhlale umanzi isikhathi eside.
Uma uhlela ukwakha uthango lwe-jasmine, gcina ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla ezi-oda eziyi-0,5-0.8 m. Ekutshaleni kweqembu, lokhu kungakhuphuka ngamamitha elilodwa nesigamu.
Ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala, ungaqala ukwakha umqhele, ususe amagatsha abuthakathaka futhi unciphise iziqu ezinkulu. Lokhu kuvusa ukwakheka kwezinso ezengeziwe.
Ukusakazeka kukaJasmine
I-Chubushnik ingabiwa ngazo zonke izindlela ezitholakalayo. Omunye uhamba ngendlela yendabuko futhi engabizi kakhulu - uhlukanisa izihlahla noma uthatha izingqimba. Abanye banesifiso sendlela yokusabalalisa imbewu ye-jasmine noma amagatsha asikiwe.
Izimbumbulu
Le ndlela yokwenziwa kabusha ayenziwa yizo zonke izakhamizi zasehlobo, ukuyicabanga njengentula ngokwengeziwe. Izinto zokutshala zivunwa maphakathi no-June, lapho isitshalo sigxile kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni. Thatha amahlumela angenazo izithobo bese uwagawula abe ama-cutways ayi-5 cm ubude, uzama ukuba namaqabunga ama-2-3 kulinye.
I-Jasmine Cuttings
Nakani! Kubalulekile ukusika kahle lapho usika. Umugqa oqondile ongaphezulu ubekwe ngaphezulu kwe-node, ongaphansi wenziwe nge-angle oblique.
Ngemuva kwalokho basebenza ngokuya ngale algorithm:
- indishi lapho ukhula lwayo luzokhula khona lugcwele isigcawu esilinganayo sesihlabathi nepeat;
- emagatsheni, ipuleti lamaqabunga lisikwa phakathi;
- kufakwe amahora amaningi kwikhambi le-rootin noma i-heteroauxin;
- ukusika kunamathele endaweni engaphansi futhi kumbozwe ngamabhodlela epulasitiki.
Kugcwele nsuku zonke. Ngezikhathi ezithile vula i-hotbed bese ufafaza usiki ngesibhamu sokufafaza. Ngemuva kokufaka izimpande, amahlumela ayaqina, emva kwalokho kufanele avulwe ngokuphelele.
Ebusika, isitsha singagcinwa ku-greenhouse noma kumbiwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Entwasahlobo, kutshalwe ezitsheni ezinkulu futhi kukhule izithombo zeminyaka emi-2. Kuphela bese udluliselwa emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukutshala imbewu
Uma i-jasmine izokwandisa ngembewu, ukuqhakaza kuzodingeka kulinde iminyaka engama-5-8 (konke kuya ngezimo ezahlukahlukene nezikhulayo). Izinto zokutshala ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa ziyahlanganiswa bese zihlwanyelwa ngaphambi kobusika.
Entwasahlobo, lapho kuvela amahlumela, umbhede uyancipha. Le nqubo iphindwa kaninginingi phakathi nenkathi kuze kufike lapho ibanga elifanele phakathi kwezihlahla lifinyelelwa. Amahlumela akude angatshalwa ezitsheni agcinwe ekhaya.
Ukunakekela uJasmine Engadini
Kulula ukunakekela ukuhlekisa. Into esemqoka ukugcina imithetho eyisisekelo yezobuchwepheshe bezolimo.
Ukunakekelwa kukaJasmine
| Imicimbi | Izici |
|---|---|
| Imodi yokunisela | Anisela umhlaba njalo, ngaphandle kokusinda lapho womile. Uma ihlobo lishisa, ngaphandle kwemvula, inqubo yenziwa njalo eminyakeni eyishumi |
| Ukugqoka okuphezulu | Zenziwa unyaka nonyaka entwasahlobo, zethula ukugoba ngaphansi kwezihlahla (ibhakede lesitshalo 1). Kusuka onyakeni wesithathu wokuphila, kufakwa amanzi amaminerali ayimbumba agxile kakhulu kuma-superphosphates |
| Ukucwilisa | Ukufakwa kwamalambu kufanele kudedelwe ngokuqina. Ngakho-ke, amagatsha neziqu zeminyaka engu-5-6 zisuswe ngokuphelele |
Amanye amasu ezolimo ajwayelekile kwezihlahlana. Benziwa njengoba kudingeka.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza
Lapho izimbali zinephunga elimnandi, i-jasmine idinga ukuthambisa okungcono. Ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama, isihlahla sizoqhuma ngaphambili kunokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ehlobo elishisayo, amalitha amanzi angama-20-30 afakwa nsuku zonke ngaphansi kwesitshalo ngasinye.
Ngesikhathi sokuphumula
Ngokushesha lapho ukulahlwa kokugcona sekulahliwe, kuqala ukulungiselela ukuthula. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo sivundiswa kusetshenziswa i-superphosphate (20 g) exutshwe nomlotha wezinkuni (100 g) ngemitha yesikwere. Ama-inflorescence ancibilikile asuswa ngokushesha. Ukunisela kuyanqunyelwa futhi kukhanselwe ngokuphelele ngo-Okthoba.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Amabhishi abantu abadala abekezelela ukubanda. Izithombo ezisencane kungenzeka zingasinda ebusika obunzima ngaphandle kokukhosela. Ukuze izinto zokumboza zingavuthuzi kude nesihlahla nomoya, ziboshwe ngamawele. Isiqu sesihlahla siyambiwa bese kususwa ukhula. Kungaphezulu kufakwa ungqimba ominyene
Izinketho ze-Shelter
Ngokutshala nokunakekelwa okufanele, isihlahla se-jasmine siyojabulisa abanikazi bendawo iminyaka eminingi. Izitshalo ezinhle azigcini ngokuhlobisa i-cottage, kodwa futhi nephunga elimnandi.
