Le mbali emnandi ikhula ekhaya nasengadini. Ebuhleni, akabalulekanga kune-rose. Akunakusizathu sokuthi abantu bambiza ngokuthi iJapan noma i-Irish rose, insimbi yaseTexas. Elinye igama lisianthus (elihunyushwe ngokuthi imbali ebabayo), noma i-eustoma. Uma ngaphambi kokuba ayengundwendwe ezweni, manje kuyadingeka phakathi kwabatshali bezimbali. Uma amasu wokutshala i-eustoma adinga ukusetshenziswa komzamo.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile
Isikhathi sokuphila kwe-eustoma yegumbi sincane - kufinyelela eminyakeni emi-2. Emhlabathini ovulekile weRussia maphakathi, ukhule njengesitshalo sonyaka. I-novice izobhekana nokukhula unyaka nonyaka. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, imbali itshalwa njengengapheli.
I-Eustoma - Indlovukazi Engadini
Lapho zizalaniswa endaweni ye-dacha ye-eustoma, ukulima nokunakekelwa endaweni evulekile kuzodinga isipiliyoni kumlimi. Iphutha elincane kunazo zonke livusa ukufa kwembali.
Lapho uthenga imbewu, ukufakwa kukhombisa ukuthi hlobo luni lwesilimo olungatholakala: unyaka owodwa / nonyaka owodwa. Ama-biennials akhethwa ngabanikazi bezindawo zokugcina izithombo, kanye nabathandi bezimbali zasendlini. Lapho kuhlelwa ukuthi kukhule i-eustoma yaphakade esivandeni sezimbali esingavikelekile, inketho yonyaka ilungele ukutshala.
I-Eustoma ku-greenhouse
Imbewu ye-lisianthus ifana nothuli. Lapho kufakwa, kufakwa izinto ezikhethekile ukuvuselela ukukhula kwesitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagalaji alungele ukutshala.
Ukuhluma kwezinhlobo zawo zokutshala kuphansi. Izinga likhokhelwa ngenani - 1 g yembewu iqukethe ngaphezu kwe-20,000 yazo. Ngakho-ke, lawo thickets obukhulu awaveli ebhokisini, futhi ukugwema ukuncipha, kuthathwa umthamo wenani lembewu.
Ukugwema izinkinga ngokukhetha nokususa amahlumela amaningi, kusetshenziswa izingilazi ze-peat.
Ukutshala imbewu yempahla enhlabathini ayenziwa, kusakazeka kuphela ebusweni. Nisela umhlaba ngesifutho ngesifutho esincane, ngaphandle kwalokho imbewu ye-eustoma izofihla ekujuleni kwenhlabathi, izithombo ngeke zivele.
Uma wenza umsebenzi wokutshala ama-eustomas, ukutshala nokunakekela kuzodinga:
- Ukukhetha indawo efanelekile: umthunzi noma isithunzi esithile.
- Ukuvimbela ukufika kwe-lisianthus ezintweni ezibonisa ukukhanya kwelanga kuyo.
- Ibanga phakathi kwezithombo lisuka ku-20 cm.
- Ukugwema umswakama okwandayo kanye nokuthambisa okunamandla. Kuyenqatshelwa ukutshala imbali ngaphansi kompheme ophahleni noma esitofini sesitoko lapho amanzi ayoba khona lapho imvula ina.
- Ukulimala kokulimala kwenhlabathi yengadi kanye ne-pH engathathi hlangothi. U-ash ash, ongeniswa emithonjeni, ulawula i-acidity yenhlabathi.
- I-Nitrofoski noma yokugqoka izimbali esitolo esitolo ngemigodi yesihlahla.
Inwebisa impilo ye-lisianthus kanye nokufika kwayo kwesiqukathi. Izitsha ezahlukahlukene zilungele yena: amashubhu, izimbali zezimbali.
Ukutshala i-eustoma ezitsheni
Uma kufudumele ngaphandle, gcina izitshalo zingaphandle. Amakhaza asondela, sekuyisikhathi sokuletha izimbali endlini. Izimbali ziyaqhubeka, kepha ziba nesizotha.
I-rhizome ye-eustoma ivumela ukulondolozwa kobuchwepheshe besitsha ebusika. Uzohlinzeka ngokutshala kwentwasahlobo engadini yezimbali ngamahlumela amasha. Ukungapheleli kwendlela kulele ekunciphiseni kwezimbali.
Indawo enhle
Ngama-eustomas, bakhetha indawo evikela kusuka kokungalungiswa nomoya. Lesi sitshalo sithanda ingadi yezimbali eboshwe empumalanga noma ngasentshonalanga kwemibhede. I-Eustoma ayilithandi ilanga elihangulayo.
Ukuze uthole imbali, inhlabathi iyathandeka:
- bemba, ngaphandle kwezivalo;
- ukuphefumula;
- evundile;
- oswakanyiswe ngokulinganisa.
Inqubo yesinyathelo sokufika
Izithombo zitshalwe engadini yezimbali eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaMeyi. Isimo esiyinhloko ukuba khona kwamaqabunga amane kuya kwayi-8. Ukutshala imbali emhlabathini kuhambisana nokukhula ngokushesha.
Lapho utshala i-eustoma, landela isinyathelo ngesinyathelo:
- khetha amahora kusihlwa ukwehla;
- izithombo ezitshalwe ngesigaxa sobumba, zithuthela emgodini, zigcwalisiwe inhlabathi evundile;
- etshalwe ekujuleni okungadluli lapho ikhule ebhodweni;
- leso sihlahla ngasinye simbozwe ngomsele noma ngebhodlela ukuze sikuvikele ekuqotheni okushisa.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-eustoma
Kubahlali basehlobo kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungayikhulisa kanjani i-eustoma.
Izimbumbulu
I-Eustoma ayisakazeki ngemisiko - ayizukuthatha izimpande emhlabathini.
Inothi. Abathengisi abangathembekile kwesinye isikhathi banikela ngama-tubers we-lisianthus noma ama-rhizomes, ngaphezu kwalokho babiza okuhlukahlukene. Ukusakazeka kwesitshalo okungesiyona isibani kwenziwa kuphela ngembewu.
Izimpande ezilimele - imbangela yokufa kwe-eustoma. Imizamo yabahwebi yokususa ama-curly lisianthus ayiphumelelanga. Lapho uthola imbali esekhulile, gxila ekubukekeni nasebuhlungini.
Ukutshala imbewu
Ukuze ukhiqize i-eustoma enhlanyelweni, udinga okuphezulu kakhulu kokutshala. Imbewu ivunwa kubantu abahlukahlukene. Ama-nzalo awalungile - izakhiwo zesihlahla sikamama asidluliselwa kuzithombo. Ukuqoqwa kwembewu encane kwenziwa ngokucophelela. Baqala ukusebenzisa lapho ibhokisi lombe selomile.
Indlela ethembekile ye-eustoma dilution
Isikhathi esifanele sokutshala imbewu ubusika. Lapho amahlumela okuqala ehluma, ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-15 ukuya ku-20, kuqhakaza izimbali ze-eustoma.
Hlwanyela imbewu esitsheni esigcwele substrate emanzi. Hlanganisa isihlabathi kanye ne-peat ngokulingana okulinganayo. Fafaza imbewu emhlabathini, ucindezela ngobumnene ngeminwe yakho. Mboza isitsha ngendwangu yengilazi noma nge-polyethylene. Bafaka igumbi elifudumele elinombuso wokushisa okungenani +19 ° C.
Ukufafaza inhlabathi kwenziwa ngesibhamu sokufafaza. Imbewu iqhuma ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa uma ihambisana nezidingo zokunakekelwa kwezithombo. Izithombo zibekwa endaweni ekhanyisiwe.
Uma kwenzeka ungakhuli kahle, kungakuhle ukubhoboza izimbotshana ngenalithi emincane ngaphambi kokusuka. Ishelter ayisuswa masinyane, kancane izithombo ezincane ziyavulwa ukuze zijwayele imvelo yangaphandle. Amahlumela okufakelwa asebenzisa isilinganiso sama-3-5 ama-pcs. esitsheni ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5-2, ukuphakama kwawo okungenani kube ngu-10 cm.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe. Ukutshala izithombo usebenzisa indlela ye-solyanka kusho ukutshala kumathebulethi kaJeffy peat. Isetshenziselwa ukukhula kwamandla (i-1 yethitha nge-1 litre lamanzi), isixazululo se-calcium nitrate, i-Zircon, i-Uniflor vitamin cocktail: B2, 6, 12.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Eustoma
Imodi yokunisela
Ukumunyisa amanzi afanele nje, afudumele, ahleliwe. Nisela inhlabathi eyomile encane. Khulula umhlaba ngokuhlelekile ukuze uchithe ukhula futhi uthuthukise ukugcwaliswa kukamoya enhlabathini.
Ukunisela i-eustoma
I-Eustoma idinga ukuthambisa njalo, kepha ukuvunyelwa ngokweqile akuvunyelwe. Umswakama owedlulele nokuqina kuyingozi kakhulu kunokumiswa. Inqubo yesikhathi esifishane eyomile izoyenza ngaphandle kwemiphumela, imbali izolulama. Ukushubisa uketshezi kugcwala ukubola kohlelo lwezimpande nokufa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Abalimi banesifiso sendlela yokondla i-eustoma ukuze ikhule futhi ikhule kahle. ILisianthus isuthiswa kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ukuya kwezingu-14 ngemuva kokutshala enhlabathini. Ngokukhula okusebenzayo, imbali idliwa njalo emavikini ama-2. Isitshalo sidinga ukugqoka okuphezulu esigabeni sokuhluma noma esigabeni sezimbali.
Ukunaka! Kusetshenziswa umanyolo ongamanzi omanzi ukondla ama-eustomas.
Umanyolo wezimbali
Ngemuva kwenyanga ngemuva kokutshala imbali enhlabathini engavikelekile, isikhathi sifika sokufaka umanyolo. Okokuqala ngqa, zalisa izitshalo nge-nitrogen ukukhuthaza ukwanda kwesisindo esiluhlaza. Lapho ihluma futhi iqhakaza, i-lisianthus idinga ukufaka kabusha i-phosphorus yezitshalo eziqhakazayo, ezethulwa ekuphakameni kwenkathi yehlobo.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza
Isitshalo sizodinga umsoco ngokwengeziwe esigabeni sokukhula okusebenzayo. Ngokukhula kokuluhlaza, isidingo samanyolo we-organic ne-nitrogen siyakhula. Ekwakhekeni kwama efihlekile kanye nasekuchithweni kwezimbali, phosphorus kanye nokufakwa umquba potassium kuzohlomula. Ukuqhakaza izimbali okunethezeka kuzohlinzeka ngeKemira Suite, iFertika, ne-Plantifol Budonization.
Ithiphu. Abahlali abanokuhlangenwe nakho ehlobo bayelulekwa ukuthi banciphise ukugcotshwa komanyolo, uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho okuboniswe kuphakethe.
I-Topsin ne-Topaz insecticides zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela umbhede wezimbali ku-powdery hlobo nezinye izifo.
Ungalwa kanjani nezifo
Ukuswakama, udinga amanzi athambile. Ukuhlinzekwa okudingakalayo kokusetshenziswa kulula ukudala.
Ukuze uthole i-bushness, ukuphawulwa kwezihlahla ezinde ze-eustoma kuyenziwa.
On the flowerbed bheka izinhlobo ezinde kahle ezidinga ukwesekwa ngesikhathi sezimbali. Kunzima nge-peduncle ende ukubhekana nomthwalo, owandayo.
Ama-buds ama-Wilted aqedwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Le ndlela yokuhlobisa ivusa ukwakheka kwama-inflorescence amasha. Ukusika i-eustoma kuma-bouquets akusho ukuthi ukuqeda kwezimbali - emva kwenyanga nesigamu, lesi sitshalo siyojabulisa ngamahlumela amasha.
Ukubonakala kwezimbali eziqhakazile kunqunywa yizinhlobonhlobo. Ziyahluka futhi:
- ubukhulu;
- ifomu;
- umbala;
- isikhathi sezimbali.
Izimbali ze-lisianthus zenzeka ngokuya ngesikhathi sokutshala imbewu yezinhlamvu zezithombo kanye nokutshala emhlabathini ongavikelekile. I-Eustoma ivame ukuqhakaza eminyakeni eyishumi kaJulayi - Agasti. Uzojabulela izimbali kuze kube kuphela kuka-Okthoba. Ukuqhakaza i-lisianthus akusona isithiyo - iziqalo zakuqala ekwindla.
Ithiphu. Lapho isiko liphela masinyane futhi lingakhuli ukuqhakaza, bayakhululwa ezimbali eziwohlokile bese bondla isitshalo. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1-1,5, balindele ukuqhakaza kabusha.
Imbali ivezwa yizifo ezahlukahlukene, kubandakanya izifo zokukhunta. Ngokuvamile i-spider mite, i-whitefly ithinta imbali. Ngenhloso yokuvimbela, izihlahla zezimbali zifafazwa izikhathi ezi-2 noma ezi-3 ngesikhathi sokukhula. Mhlawumbe ukusetshenziswa kanyekanye kwezidakamizwa eziningana ezivela kuma-parasites ahlukahlukene.
Ngesikhathi sokuphumula
Ukuphela kokuqhakaza kwezimpawu kuphawula isikhathi esishisayo empilweni yesitshalo. Ukuthena kwenziwa ekhaya izinhlobonhlobo ze-eustoma, kudluliswa imbali yezimbali egumbini elibandayo, lapho izinga lokushisa likhulu okungenani ngo-15 ° C. Kukhona ukuncishiswa kumvamisa we-hydration isikhathi esingu-1 ngenyanga, kunconyelwa ukumisa uhlelo lomanyolo.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuqala kwenkathi yentwasahlobo, lapho kugalwa amagatsha okuqala aluhlaza, izilimo zidluliselwa enhlabathini entsha kanti imvamisa yokuphuza iyanda.
Ukwandisa ubude bezimbali lisianthus engadini, ngokunakekela isitshalo. Umuntu omdala ubekwa esitsheni bese eyothathwa ukuze agcinwe kwi-loggia noma abekwe efasiteleni. Ukwemukelwa kuvumela isikhathi esithile ukujabulela okumnandi kwama-buds abucayi.
Isiko ngalinye lidinga ukuphumula ukuze londle amandla namandla omjikelezo omusha wempilo. Uma izimbali ziphela, amahlamvu ephenduka aphuzi, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokunisela imifino endaweni ephakeme yama-2-3. Isilinganiso sizovimba ukudangala nokufa kwe-eustoma. Imbali igcinwa imnandi kuze kufike intwasahlobo.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ngaphambi kokubanda kweqhwa, i-lisianthus idluliselwa esitsheni esikhulu futhi ilethwe kwisitoreji. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukwenza ngobuqili, imbali imbozwe. Lesi sitshalo sizophila ebusika obunjalo kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu, lapho isimo sezulu sibonakaliswa khona ukuthambile. Ngoba i-eustoma imvamisa ikhula njengonyaka. Ukutshala minyaka yonke kwezilimo ezintsha kungcono - kancane kancane kube nokulahleka kwamagatsha esihlahleni kanye nokwehla kwenani lamahlumela.
Ukukhula kwe-eustoma eSiberia
Lapho i-eustoma itholakala engadini, ukutshala nokunakekelwa eSiberia kuqala ekwindla ngokuhlwanyelwa kwezithombo. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izithombo buyafana nokujwayelekile. Uma izithombo zikhula ebusika, ukukhanya okwengeziwe kuzodingeka. Izithombo ze-Pickling zenziwa ngemuva kokukhula kweqabunga lesibili.
Dive izithombo ze-eustoma
Kubalulekile! Kusetshenziswa iziqukathi ezincane, lapho kubekwa khona izithombo ezi-3. Amakhasethi embozwe ifilimu.
Uma i-eustoma ema-Urals, ukutshala kubandakanya isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nesikhathi lapho i-hydration ithuthukiswa. Bese ufafaza amaqabunga ambalwa aphansi ngenhlabathi. Lapho kufika intwasahlobo, izithombo zizodinga ukufaka okunye endishini ebanzi nge-drainage. Ukufakelwa kufanelekile ukuhamba ngezimpande. Ukuqala kokushisa isikhathi sokutshala i-eustoma enhlabathini engavikelekile ezimeni zesimo sezulu saseSiberia.
Ukuhambisana nezidingo zezolimo namaqhinga lapho ukhula futhi unakekela i-eustoma kuzokuvumela ukuthi ujabulele ubuhle bezimbali ezimangalisayo. Kungakho kubalulekile ukuthi ungenzi amaphutha. Ingadi izothokozela isikhathi eside nephunga layo.
