Izimbali ze-Gloxinia - ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya

Imbali yeGloxinia isitshalo esishisayo esinezimbali ezishisayo ezinamabala velvety ngendlela yensimbi emhlophe, nsomi noma epinki. Iziqu zimfushane, ziphambukele kuma-inflorescences wesambulela kuma-pedicels ngamanye. Isitshalo sibukeka sikhanya futhi sibukeka kahle, siyoba umhlobiso omuhle kakhulu wokuklanywa okungaphakathi nendawo.

I-Gloxinia (i-gloxinia) iyi-herbaceous perennial enamaqubula angenamikhono noma omfishane omfishane afinyelela kuma-25 cm ukuphakama, ama-20 cm ubude. Amaqabunga makhulu, aluhlaza ngokugqamile ngombala, abonakala ngokuthinta, ukwakheka kwawo kungu-oval ejwayelekile. Izimbali zikhulu (8-12 cm ubukhulu), zibuswa, ziveliswa. Imiphetho yamaphalishi ibunjiwe, phansi.

Ungayinakekela kanjani i-gloxinia ekhaya

Ukukhetha komhlaba nenhlabathi

Isiko liyadingeka enhlabathini. Izingxube ze-Peat ezilungele i-gloxinia yilezi: uViolet, uBergonia, uSenpolia. Izimbali ezivela ezinhlanyelweni zivame ukukhula kumathebhulethi we-peat. Ukuzilungiselela kwenhlabathi, amaqabunga amaqabunga ama-humus (izingxenye ezi-2) ezixubene ne-meadow chernozem (izingxenye ezi-2), enye ingxenye yesihlabathi se-peat ne-grey kufanelekile. I-acidity yengxube ibanga le-6-7 pH.

Iphalethi elicebile lama-gloxinia shades

Isixazululo esisebenzayo kuzoba ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi nge-hydrogel - amagremu amancane ngendlela yokugxilisa eyomile, kusebenza ngesisekelo sesiponji. Izakhi ezinje ngejelly zifakwe pre-ofakwe, bese zihlanganiswa nenhlabathi ngesilinganiso esingu-1 kuya ku-2. Le ngxube ivundiswa ngomanyolo noma umquba obolile - 50 g nge-1 litre yesigatshana.

Ukukhethwa kwembiza kunqunywa ngosayizi wama-tubers: izinkomishi zepulasitiki zilungele izinqubo ezincane, izimpande eziphakathi nendawo zizolingana nezitsha ezinobubanzi obungu-7 cm cm, abantu abadala batshalwe ezihlangwini zezimbali ezinobubanzi obungu-10 cm. Izinketho ze-Clay neplastiki kufanelekile.

Imithetho yokukhetha i-flowerpot ye-gloxinia

Ukunisela nomanyolo

Ngaphambi kokunisela i-gloxinia yasekhaya, kubalulekile ukugcwala amanzi ancibilikisiwe, axazululiwe, noma ahlungiwe. Kungcono ukuthambisa inhlabathi kusuka esikhwameni noma ngokucophelela emaphethelweni ebhodwe, ungafaki amaconsi awela emacembe nasenkabeni ye-tuber. Amanzi okunisela kufanele afudumele, ama-2-3 degrees ngaphezulu kwezinga lokushisa lomoya. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-20 kuye kwengama-30 ngemuva kokuthambisa inhlabathi, kuyadingeka ukukhipha amanzi asele esikhwameni. Umhlaba phakathi kokunisela kufanele wome. Emvuleni, kunamafu futhi kubanda, kuyinto efiselekayo ukunciphisa ukuhamba komswakama ezimpandeni. Ama-Gloxinia bulbs avame ukubola phezulu.

Umswakama omkhulu walesi simbali ungama-70 ... ama-80%; lapho umkhawulo ufinyelelwa ngaphansi kwama-50%, ukukhula okubuthaka kwembali engaphakathi kanye nokuqhekeka kwamaqabunga kuyabonakala. Ifuna ukwandisa umswakama womoya, imbali ibekwa kumaphallet ngobumba olunwebekile olumanzi, i-moss, amanzi.

Ukushisa nokukhanya

Izimbali ze-Gloxinia ziyizithombe eziningi, kepha ziyasaba isenzo semisebe eqondile yelanga, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sokuqhakaza, izinsimbi ezi-velvety zisheshe ziphele, isikhathi sezimbali sifinyeziwe. Entwasahlobo ilanga alishisi kakhulu, i-gloxinia ibekwa kahle efasiteleni eliseningizimu, ngoJuni - ihlelwe kabusha efasiteleni elisempumalanga noma entshonalanga noma ibomvu kusuka elangeni eliqondile.

Ukukhulisa imbali yokukhanya kwelanga isikhathi eside ekhaya kuzosebenza ngokukhanyisa amahora angama-12-14 ku-5000 lx. Ukuntuleka kokukhanya kusongela ukwelula isitshalo, kunciphisa inani lama-buds. Ngemuva kokukhipha umugqa we-tuber kanye nokuvela kwamahlamvu, isibani kufanele sikhanye ngangokunokwenzeka, ukugcwaliswa kombala wokuqhakaza kuzophuma kube ngaphezulu, ngokukhanya okunganele umbala ubonakala ngokusobala.

Izinga lokushisa elijabulisayo esigabeni sokuhluma kwe-tuber +25 degrees. Ngenkathi yokukhula, ibanga lokushisa lingama-18-22 degrees. Izimo ezipholile zizokwehlisa ukukhula nokukhula kwesiko.

Ukudlulisela imithetho nezincomo

IGloxinia itshalwa ezimweni eziningi:

• emva kokuhlala isikhathi eside, ihlumela elincane selakhiwe, kepha amaqabunga awakhuli;
• lapho uthenga ama-tubers ethangini elincanyana noma ongatshalwanga enhlabathini;
• ezimweni ezilinyazwa izifo zokukhunta nezinambuzane.

Uma isitshalo sidinga usizo oluphuthumayo, ukufakelwa kwenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Amasiko anempilo athuthelwa endaweni entsha ngemuva kwerejimeni yokuphumula, ngoFebhuwari-Mashi.

Ukukhula kwe-gloxinia emafasiteleni

Izinkinga ezivamile nezisombululo zazo

Amaqabunga agxotshwe phansi.

Kwisitjalo se-gloxinia, ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kusho ukungabikhona kokubhaliwe, ushintsho olungazelelwe lokushisa, umoya owomile kakhulu nokuntuleka kokukhanya. Uma isixazululo kulokhu kushiyeka okungenhla kungasilungisi isimo, kunendlela eyodwa kuphela - izinambuzane noma izinambuzane. Ama-insecticides anamandla azokusiza: u-Antiklesch noTiovir. Ngokusho kwemiyalo, isiko liphathwa kathathu / ngosuku.

Kukhona amabala ansundu emaqabungeni

Izifo ezingapheli zefungus ze-gloxinia zidluliselwa ngomhlabathi ongcolile, amanzi, izimpahla zasensimini. Imvamisa, lesi sitshalo sithintwa amagciwane esiteji sokutholwa. Izimpawu zesifo yilesi amabala ansundu, ezihlahleni nasezimpondweni - imivimbo emnyama. Amaqabunga anokuwohloka okwomswakama obuningi, onomoya owomile - aqala ukoma futhi anciphe.

I-Fitosporin izosiza ukunqoba lesi sifo, kepha i-ejenti ebangelwa ukulimala sekwephuzile ihlala isebenza iminyaka eyi-8. Kubalulekile ukucabanga nge-fungal prophylaxis ngokufafaza isiko ngama-fungicides masonto onke.

Amacembe asomile

Inkinga evame kakhulu lapho kukhula i-gloxinia ukomiswa kwamaqabunga ngenxa yokunisela okungafanele. Isitshalo sigcina ngobudlova ukufikelwa umswakama ngokweqile, izimpande zibolile, ingxenye yomhlabathi iba yomile.

Uma imbali isanda kuvela endlini, amaqabunga omisiwe ayisibonakaliso sokuncomeka ngemuva kokufakelwa kwakamuva. Umnikazi wesitshalo kufanele adale izimo ezintofontofo kunazo zonke, aqinisekise ukuthambisa okufanele nokugqoka okuphezulu.

I-spider mite isebenza njengesizathu sokuhlukumeza kungani i-gloxinia ishiya ivele inyakaze. Izindawo ezithintekile zezimbali ziyasuswa, amahlumela aphathwa ngesisombululo sensipho kanye namalungiselelo akhethekile, izinqubo ziyaphindwa ngokwemiyalo. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-gloxinia kusuka ezifweni zokukhunta, ukuthambisa nokugqoka okuphezulu kuyancishiswa. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukufakelwa kwesitshalo.

Amaqabunga e-Gloxinia

Isitshalo siyelula

I-Gloxinia iqhuma ilula ngokunamandla ngemuva kobusika ezimeni zokushisa ezintofontofo nokukhanya okunganele. Ngokwengeza ukukhanya nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa, kufanele ngezikhathi ezithile ufafaze umoya, ufeze imvula. Imvamisa, ukuphazamiseka ekukhuleni kwezitshalo ebusika kubangelwa ukweqisa komanyolo we-nitrogen. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuqeda okwesikhashana izithasiselo.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-gloxinia zithambekele ekukhetheni amahlumela. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukusika amahlumela amade. Ama-Tubers azonikeza amahlumela amasha. Izingxenye ezitshalelwe imbali ukuthi zinezimpande, zinesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Ekuphumuleni, amahlumela okwazile ukwelula, ukuwa kanye nezimpande, ukondla ngeshubhu esemqoka nezinqubo ezintsha ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ukudubula okubuthakathaka okungakaze kukhule ukuqhakaza kuzokhula ku-tuber. I-tuber izoba buthakathaka futhi ife ebusika.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Ukugula okuyinhloko kwe-gloxinia kubangelwa izifo zokukhunta:

1. Ukulimala okuhamba kwesikhathi kuvela ngokuphuma komswakama kanye namazinga okushisa angama-9-20 degrees. Isitshalo esithintekayo siyabuna, simbozwa ngamabala ansundu, kuvela inhlanganisela emhlophe ngaphakathi kweqabunga. Isitshalo sidinga ukufakelwa okuphuthumayo nokwelashwa ngeKuprozan, Tseneb (40 g ngebhakede lamanzi).
2. I-Powdery mildew yakhiwa ngokumelene nesizinda somswakama ogcwele futhi lokushisa. Isici esibonakalayo ekuchazeni kwalesi sifo i-arachnoid plaque emhlophe. Ukutheleleka kudluliselwa ngomhlabathi noma ngemishini. Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela, ochwepheshe batusa ukondla isiko ngama-fungicides:

• "Triadimephone";
• "Kepha";
• I-Quadrice
• "Rake";
• "Ijubane";
• Kutsheka.

3. I-Anthracnose ihambisana namabala amancane ansundu. Lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha, kulula ukuvikela isikhunta nge-chloride yethusi, ikomityi, i-oxychoma.
4. I-Ascochitosis yisifo esibonakaliswa ubomvu kumashidi anomngcele onsundu. Izimpawu zenzeka ezimweni zokuswakama okuningi. Ngokuvimbela nokwelashwa, i-vitriol, i-Vectra, i-Adiga-peak iyasetshenziswa. Isiko elithintwe yi-ascochitosis liyanconywa ukuthi lidluliselwe kwezinye izindawo.
5. ISeporia ingumphumela wokuntuleka kokukhanya nokuxhumana isikhathi eside namanzi. Ifomu lezindawo zokugcwala kumashidi, isitshalo siqala ukoma ngokushesha. Ama-fungicides: IManeb, iBenomil, izovikela imiphumela emibi yesikhunta.

I-phylostictosis ku-gloxinia

6. I-Phyllosticosis ibonwa kalula yizindawo eziyindilinga, zimnyama emaphethelweni, zimdaka phakathi. Esigabeni sokuthuthuka, izinyembezi ziyengezwa emabalaleni. Lapho kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala, lesi sitshalo somile futhi sifafazwe ngesisombululo seBordeaux, "Oxychloride", ne-sulfate yethusi.
7. I-Fusarium Lesi sifo asinakugwenywa ngokunisela okungafanele kanye nokungcoliswa kwenhlabathi. Amaqabunga aqala ukufiphala futhi anciphise, abe nsundu. Imicu nemivimbo emnyama iyabonakala emahlumela. Umsebenzi wabalimi ukufaka inhlabathi esikhundleni sawo, hlamba izimpande ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate (ilitha elilodwa lamanzi 5 g we-potanganum permanganate), ukufakelwa kwesitshalo kusihlokwana futhi kube yinempilo.

Ungabhekana kanjani nezinye izifo

Ngaphambi kokunakekela i-gloxinia ekhaya, kufanele unikeze isiko ngokuvikela ukulwa ne-virosis kanye ne-bacteriosis. Amagciwane alethwa yizinambuzane noma izinhlayiya zokukhunta. Amaqabunga nezimbali zimbozwe amabala, imivimbo kanye namachashaza. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi iliphi igciwane elingene ku-gloxinia, lesi sifo asikwazi ukwelashwa. Isitshalo kuzofanele sishiswe.

Ama-bacterioses alethwe ngemishini engagxiliwe, ibhodwe noma inhlabathi ethelela ama-tubers, ama-buds, amaqabunga, isiqu. Ukuvimbela ukulimala kwenziwa nguZircon no-Epin.

Izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuzalela i-spider mite ukuntuleka komswakama. Udla ujusi wembali, ashiye izindawo ezikhanyayo emaqabungeni. Ingxenye yomhlabathi ivikelekile kwisikhala sesicabucabu "Fitoverm", "Intovir", inhlabathi - "Aldikabrom", "Temikom".

I-Whitefly - izinambuzane ezimhlophe, zivame ukondla ujusi wamaqabunga neziqu, zishiya imikhiqizo engcolile ethinta kabi i-photosynthesis. Amacembe aqala ukubola, ama-buds awaboshiwe. Izindlela ezisebenzayo zokubhubhisa ama-whiteflies ekhaya yiVertimek KE, Actellik KE, Admiral, Kinmiks, Oberon.

Ukunakekelwa okufanele nokuvikelwa kwezifo zezitshalo kuzogwema ukwephulwa okungenzeka.

I-Whitefly ku-Gloxinia Amahlamvu

Ungayinakekela kanjani ngenkathi yezimbali

I-gloxinia yezimbali iqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi iyaqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, isitshalo sinamakha ngo-Okthoba. Ukugqokwa kwenhlabathi okufika ngesikhathi nangendlela efanele kuvumela ukuthi kwakhiwe izimbali ezingamashumi amabili noma ngaphezulu. Ukukhanya okugqamile nakho kuyinto ebalulekile ethinta ukuceba kwezimbali zezimbali.

Izindlela zokukhulisa i-gloxinia ekhaya

Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokusakazeka: imbewu, ukwahlukaniswa kweshubhu nokusika kwamaqabunga.

Amakhaya akuvamile ukuthi ahlwanyele imbewu. Indlela yokuzala igcwele ubunzima. Ekuqaleni kwekwindla, ingxube yenhlabathi ilungiswa ngesisekelo se-peat, inhlabathi eshidi nesihlabathi (1: 1: 1). Umhlaba usakazeke emabhokisini aphansi. NgoNovemba, imbewu ihlwanyelwa njalo iniselwa ngamanzi afudumele. Amahlumela avela emva kwamasonto ayi-2-3, lapho kuvela amaqabunga ama-2, ayadonswa, atshalwe ngezikhathi ezithile ezingamasentimitha ayi-2. Ukuthathwa kwesibili kwenziwa ngokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga wesithathu amaqabunga - cm 5. Ibanga phakathi kwezithombo ezikhulayo liphinde landa laya ku-10 cm.

Ukusabalalisa isiko ngemisiko, kunconywa amahlamvu afanele anesiqu esingu-1 cm ukuthi atshalwe ngokushesha abe yingxube yenhlabathi yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat (1: 0.5). Ukudubula kuzodinga ukufakwa umswakama futhi kuvalwe ngembiza, kunikeze umoya omncane wesitshalo nsuku zonke, ususe imbiza imizuzu engu-15. Ngemuva kwamaviki ayi-2,5 kuya kwayi-2, ama-tubers akha emaphethelweni asikiwe abekwe emhlabathini. Amahlumela atshalwe ezimbizeni ezincane, ajabulele izinyanga ezimbalwa ngemuva kokutshala izimbali eziningi.

Ukusakazeka ngokweqile kubhekwa njengeyona ndlela eyingozi kunazo zonke. Ingozi itholakala ngokuba khona kokubola ezimpandeni, abatshali bezimbali abanolwazi basuse ngokucophelela izindawo ezithintekile ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngemuva kokuvela kokuqhuma okungamasentimitha amabili, ama-tubers ahlukaniswa ngecala elibukhali, ahlanganisa izingxenye ezinekhabhoni esebenze. Izingcezu ezihlukene zitshalwa emabhodweni afanele, aniselwa izinsuku ezintathu ngemuva kokutshala.

Ukusakazwa ngokusika

Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, i-gloxinia ihlala iminyaka eyi-10, ijabulisa iso ngezimbali ezimibalabala. Ngobudala, isitshalo esishisayo sinezimbali eziningi. Kwesinye isikhathi inani lezinsimbi lifinyelela izingcezu ezingama-50.

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