Enye yezitshalo ezihlotshaniswa kakhulu zokuhlobisa ama-marigolds. Izitshalo ezihlanganisiwe, eziqhakaza zonke i-orange ehlobo noma izimbali ezibomvu, zitholakala ezindaweni zokupaka, izinsiza kanye nezivande.
Iphunga elimangalisayo lama-marigolds livikela izinambuzane eziningi, kodwa zikhona izinambuzane ezihlala futhi zondla izimbali. Ukupheka kwabantu namakhemikhali kuzosiza ukuvikela i-flowerbed. Lesi sihloko sizobheka indlela yokucubungula izimbali ezihlahleni zesicabucabu, ama-aphid nezinye izinambuzane, kanye nendlela yokuphatha izifo.
Ngokufushane mayelana nesitshalo
Izitshalo zonyaka eziqhubekayo nezimila zomndeni wakwa-Aster eRussia zibizwa ngokuthi "marigolds". Igama lesayense yi-Tagetes. EYurophu, izimbali zavela ekhulwini lama-XVI, zifika eNdala YeMelika evela eMelika emikhumbi yabanqobi. Phakathi neminyaka eminyaka yomsebenzi, ababelethi baye bafaka izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-60 kanye nama-marigold hybrids. Ukukhula kwesikhathi eside nokungahloniphi kwalesi sitshalo kwenza kube yintandokazi phakathi kwabalimi. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo ze-marigold, kanye nokubona incazelo nesithombe sezimbali lapha, futhi mayelana nezici zokunakekela umbono ozinzile, funda lapha.
I-Marigolds - ehlathini ene-stere stem, amaqabunga ahlukaniswe ngokungafani kwe-shades ehlukahlukene e-inflorescences eluhlaza nokukhanyayo. Ukuphakama kwamasiko kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-100 cm. Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-taggetes zikhulile ku-floriculture yokuhlobisa:
- wenqatshelwe;
- imisa;
- i-thin-laaved.
Funda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani uqondile Misa, Ungenqatshiwe, izinhlobo ezinqatshiwe zama-marigold endaweni evulekile, futhi wazi kangcono isithombe sezimbali lapha.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-marigold ezenziwe nge-chrysanthemum, izimbali ezimbili nezimibili. Imibala enemibala imhlophe, iphuzi, i-orange, ibomvu noma imbala emibili.
Izifo kanye nokwelapha
Ukunakekela ama-marigolds kulula, kodwa uma izincomo zokutshala kwabantu kanye nokuthungwa ziphulwa, izimbali zithinteka yizifo ezifakwe emangcwabeni.
Umlenze omnyama
Inkinga ejwayelekile kunazo zonke zezitshalo zeTagetes - ukubonakala kwamachashazi okubopha amnyama phansi kwesitshalo. Lokhu kuyisifo sofuba okuthiwa i-blackleg.
Izitshalo ezigulayo zibhujiswa. Izithombo ezinempilo zitshalwe kwenye inhlabathi, zandulelwa ngaphambili nge-fungicide.
Ukuze kuvikelwe lesi sifo, imbewu yesitshalo nomhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala ziphathwa nge-fungicide, i-chemical substance ebhubhisa i-fungus.
Umsuka wokubola
Izinkinga ngezimpande zithinta ukubukeka kwesitshalo. Iyabuna, iphenduka iphuzi, bese ifa. Ayikho ikhambi. Ukuvimbela umonakalo wezimpande ukubola kuvumela ukuhambisana ne-agrotechnology - ukutshala izimbali enhlabathini evulekile, ukuchelela okulinganiselayo. Akunakwenzeka ukondla izithombo ngomquba omusha. Lesi sizini nonyaka ozayo akudingekile ukutshala izitshalo endaweni enegciwane.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo
Izimpawu zokutheleleka nge-viral marigolds zibonakaliswa ngesimo se-deformation lamaqabunga namafihlekile, ukungabi khona kwembewu, ukuphuza iziqu. Emaqabunga avela amabala amnyama namaphethini ombala wethusi. Isifo singaqala nganoma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthukiswa.
Kubalulekile! Izimila ezinezimpawu ezibalwe zikhishwa futhi zibhujiswa.
Izinambuzane - izithombe, incazelo nokulawula
Imigqa yama-marigolds enomsindo ngokuvamile ivela emibhedeni yemifino. Izimbali azihlwanyelwe isikhalazo, kodwa njengendlela yokuphikisa izinambuzane. Zigwenywa yizimpukane ze-anyanisi, i-weevils, nezinsimbi ze-polar. Akuzona zonke izinambuzane ezesaba phytoncides ezifihliwe yisitshalo.. Ezinye izinambuzane zihlala ezihlahleni zase-marigold, zibhubhisa ukuhlobisa kwezimbali. Ngezansi, sizokwazisa futhi sibonise ukuthi ubani odla iziqu futhi adle amaqabunga alesi sitshalo.
Aphid
Ubukhulu bomzimba we-aphid buyi-3-7 mm, ikhanda layo linamaprosi, elikwazi ukubhoboza amaqabunga neziqu ukuze londle isitshalo sesitshalo. Izinambuzane zihlala emakoloni amakhulu acindezela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimbali. Ama-aphid excretions adonsela ezinye izinambuzane futhi abambe iqhaza ekufakeni izifo ezifungayo.
Abalimi balinganisa kanjani ama-aphid ecasulayo? Izinambuzane ze-Aphid zinezithako ezisebenzayo ezibangela ukukhubazeka okusheshayo nokufa kwezinambuzane. Ngemva kokucubungula, bangena emzimbeni wezinambuzane kanye nesitshalo sesitshalo. Isenzo sokuzivikela siphelela amasonto amathathu. Phakathi kwezidakamizwa eziphumelelayo: "Spark", "Aktara", "Fufanon." Ungakwazi ukucubungula izimbali ngezindlela eziphilayo "Fitoverm". It isetshenziselwa marigolds ensimini evulekile kanye greenhouse.
Slugs kanye nemisinki
Emanzini ama-slugs ehlobo ne-snails avela emahlathini aminyene wama-taggettes. Kunzima ukuzithola, ama-mollusks avela ebusuku. Imiphumela yomsoco wabo yizimbobo emaqabunga, iziqu ezilimazayo. Izimbali ezincane zonyaka zithinteke kakhulu. Thola ukuthi isitha singaba yini emigwaqweni yomusiki omisiwe.
Ithiphu! Indlela engcono kakhulu yokulwa ne-clams ukusetha izicupho. Eceleni kwezimbali kwakubeka amabhodi, izingcezu zeplywood noma burlap, amaqabunga eklabishi. Ngaphansi kwalezi zinto ezintweni zasemuva i-slugs izofihla. Ukukhulisa indawo yokuhlala, baqoqwa futhi babhujiswe.
Ukulungiswa kwe-granulated "Ukuduma Kwezulu" kuzokusiza ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokushesha. Uma kusakazeka kubalulekile ukunakekela ukuvikelwa kwepheshana lokuphefumula. Ama-slugs kanye nemisinja bayesaba ngopayipi lwesinaphi, ama-infusions we-anyanisi ne-garlic, asetshenziselwa iziqu kanye namacembe esitshalo.
Thrips
Izinambuzane ezincane eziyi-1-2 mm ngobukhulu ziyaziwa kahle ngabalimi bezimbali. Abagcini nje kuphela ukuncelisa uketshezi kwezitshalo, kodwa futhi basakaza izifo. I-lrik ihlala emanzini e-marigold, lapho kunzima ukuthola khona. Lapho kukhona izinambuzane zisho amapulctures emagumbini, ukuchithwa noma ukukhipha izimbali. Inani eliphakeme lokusabalalisa liwela ezinsukwini ezomile ezishisayo, lapho isizukulwane esisha siphumela ngokushesha emaqanda aqokiwe.
Ama-taget angasindiswa ezinambuzane ngezinambuzane zesistimu. Ekuqaleni kwezimpawu zokutheleleka, isisombululo samalungiselelo akhethekile "iKarate", "Intavir", "Aktellik" ilungisiwe. Izindlela zihlanjululwa emanzini ngokusho kwemiyalelo yomkhiqizi. Ukufafaza izimbali kwenziwa ekuseni noma ebusuku kusimo sezulu esinokuthula.
Isibungu se-spider
I-arthropod encane isasebenza esimweni esishisayo esomile. I-mite yokuqala ihlasela izithombo ezincane ezikhulile ngaphakathi. Kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kokunisela, ubonakala ezitshalweni ezindala. Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane ziyi:
- ukubonakala kwamabala okukhanya emaqabunga;
- ukuthungatha izindawo ezithintekayo ngamacwebhu amancane;
- Ukomisa amaqabunga awonakele (ukuze uthole imininingwane emakhasini omnyama kanye nokuthi ungenzani nalo, funda lapha).
Ubukhulu be-disest is 0.6-1 mm. Izidakamizwa zihlala emakoloni, zifihle ngemuva kwamacembe. Abantu abadala kanye nenzalo yabo baphonsa izicubu ze-marigolds bese bedla isitshalo. Lapho abantu bekhula, izinambuzane zikhethiwe eziqongweni zembali, ekwakheni iwebhu phakathi kweziqu. Izitshalo ezinciphise amandla ziba yingozi kuma-virus nezifo.
Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze uma kutholakala iwebhu, geza lesi sitshalo ngamanzi avela ku-hose. Lokhu kuzovumela ukugeza ezinye zezinambuzane bese ukwandisa umswakama.
Ukwehlisa i-garlic kuzosiza ukukhipha uphawu (200 g womkhiqizo ngalunye 1 l amanzi), 5 ml wokugxila kuhlanjululwa nge 1 l amanzi.
I-arthropod ayikwazi ukuma iphunga likagwayi. Kusuka emaqabunga awo (250 g), isobho lokuhlanza (50 g) kanye no-3 amalitha amanzi, lungiselela ukumnika. Ngemuva kokulashwa kuka-2-3, izinambuzane zanyamalala.
Imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali iyona esheshayo yokuqeda izibungu zesicabucabu. "Antikleshch" - ithuluzi elithuthukile elisekelwe malathion. Isenzo se-acaricide sibonakala ngemva kwamahora ambalwa, singasetshenziswa eshisayo. Izidakamizwa ezingekho ngaphansi kwalokho "Apollo", "Akarin", "Neoron".
Amacimbi
Yidla amaqabunga aluhlaza kukhona umphumela wamacimbi. Ngemva kokuhlala esizeni, ubuso bezimvemvane zondla imifino ehlukahlukene, ngaphandle kokungazinaki ama-marigolds. Izimbali ezilimazayo zilahlekelwa isikhalazo sabo sokuhlobisa.
Siza ukubhubhisa inkathazo kusho isenzo sokuxhumana-"Arrivo", "Akarin". Isixazululo samakhemikhali aphethwe ngezimbali. Ingena emzimbeni wamacimbi ngokudla. Izinambuzane ziyafa ngamahora ambalwa.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela
Isikhathi sokuvuna samarigolds siwela ezinyangeni ezishisa kakhulu ehlobo. (ukubona ukuthi izimbali zibukeka kanjani esithombeni, futhi ukuthola ukuthi kungani lesi sitshalo singaqedi amafihledi, ungalapha). Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ngezibungu zesicabucabu kanye ne-thrips, udinga ukuchitha amanzi njalo uphefaza izitshalo ngamanzi. Izinga elanele lomswakama livimbela ukubukeka kwezinambuzane.
Ukuze uvimbele izifo nokubonakala kwezinambuzane, izenzo ezilandelayo zinconywa:
- Weeding okwesikhashana futhi ukukhulula izwe phakathi ezihlahleni of marigolds.
- Ukususa amafihlekile omile negciwane.
- Ukuhambisana nokuchelela.
- Ukwethulwa komanyolo owodwa noma amabili we-phosphorus-potassium kule nkathi (ngaphezulu mayelana nokuthi ungondla kanjani "i-Chernobrovtsy" yezimbali eziningi, ungathola lapha).
Incomo. Ukufakwa kwezitshalo ze-autumn zezihlahla ezinama-taggetes waminyaka yonke enhlabathini kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezifungile.
Okuningi mayelana nokuthi ungavikela kanjani ama-marigolds ozithandayo ezifweni nasezinambuzane, sitshele kule ndaba.
Kulezi ziqu, izimpande namaqabunga e-marigold aqukethe izinto ezisebenzayo - phytoncides, ukugwema iningi lesifo. Ukunakekelwa kahle kwezimbali, ukulandela indlela yokunciphisa yokunciphisa ikuvumela ukuba ugcine izitshalo zihle futhi ziphilile. Ukutshala amathekethi ensimini engadini kusiza ukuvikela imifino ezivela ezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nematodes.
