Isundu lesundu umuthi ongapheli lapho izithelo ezimnandi - ikhula khona. Lesi sitshalo sisatshalaliswa ikakhulu e-Asia nase-Afrika. Emazweni aseYurophu, njengomthetho, izinhlobo zokuhlobisa zezitshalo sezikhulile. I-Phoenix yesundu yesundu ithole ukuthandwa okubanzi ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ikhule kusuka etsheni kanye nokunakekelwa kalula.
Umlando wesihlahla sosuku
Izazi zemivubukulo ziye zathola ukuthi izinsuku zazikhulile eGibhithe eNeolithic, nasogwini loLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya - ekuqaleni kwe-Bronze Age. Kunobufakazi bokuthi izihlahla zemihla ngemihla zazitshalwe emazweni e-Iran yanamuhla kuze kufike emuva ngekhulu le-6 B.C.E.
Umuthi wesundu onezinsuku
Ngokusho kwezinganekwane, isundu lesundu lalithathwa njengesihlahla sokuphila, esifanekisela ukungafi nokubuyiselwa. Emazweni ase-Middle East, isihlahla sesundu sahlonishwa ngokuthi "umuthi ovela emkhathini." Abantu basendulo babekholelwa ukuthi izinsuku zingumuthi onezithelo zawo ezingabizwa njengokudla konkulunkulu nabantu bokuqala emhlabeni.
Isundu lesundu lalibhekwa njengophawu lwengcebo nokuvunwa okuhle. Abantu basendulo babekholelwa ukuthi izithelo ezomile zesundu le-date zinomphumela ophilisayo kuwo wonke umzimba. Lesi sihlahla sakhulekelwa futhi sichazwa evesini, futhi abaculi abaningi basiveza emifanekisweni yabo. UMartiros Saryan "usuku lwesundu" - umsebenzi odumile owabhalwa ngumdwebi ngo-1911.
Ukuhlobisa usuku lwesundu
Emazweni aseYurophu, izihlahla zosuku zitshalwa muva nje futhi ngokuyinhloko njengezitshalo zasendlini.
Okuvamile
I-Date Palm (Latin - Phoenix dactylifera) ingeyomndeni wasePalm (Arecaceae). Ukuphakama okuphakathi kwesihlahla kungamamitha ayi-12-16. Izinga lokukhula kwesitshalo esincane licishe libe ngu-50 cm ngonyaka. Eminyakeni engu-15, intende ifinyelela amamitha ayi-7 ukuphakama. Njengomthetho, isiqu sezintende si-shaggy, sisuka ezisekelweni zamaqabunga awile.
Ingaphezulu lesundu lesikhathi lihlotshiswe nge-rosette enamaqabunga ayi-15 cirrus, afinyelela kumamitha amahlanu ubude. Ama-inflorescence ama-panicle amade akhiwa kuma-axils amaqabunga. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ama-inflorescence agobeka ngaphansi kwesisindo sawo.
Izithelo yimadethi, zingama-oval noma ezi-oval, zifinyelela ku-2-7 cm ubude no-3.5 cm ubukhulu. Usuku - isithelo esidliwayo ngokuphelele, ngesimo esivuthiwe singombala ophuzi noma obomvu-obomvu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izithelo zosuku zinenani eliphakeme lokudla futhi zithakwa kalula ngumzimba womuntu. Ngokunambitha, izinsuku zingabizwa ngokuthi izithelo ze-premium dessert.
Inenyama emnandi enomsoco, lapho kufihlwe khona ithambo eliqinile elinophimbo olude ohlangothini lwayo. Ngokuvuthwa okugcwele, kufudumeza umoya ozinzile ongama-35-40 degrees.
Izithelo zesihlahla sosuku zidliwa ngezindlela ezintsha, ezomisiwe, ezomisiwe kanye noshizi. Izithelo ezintsha azigcinwanga isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke, emashalofini ezitolo afakwa ngendlela yezithelo ezomisiwe. Imihla ebekiwe, kuyini - isithelo sesundu, lapho imbewu isuswe ngaphambi kokoma.
Usuku blooms zesundu ezimweni zemvelo.
Ukunambitheka kosuku kumnandi kakhulu, ngesinye isikhathi kuze kube kukhulu kakhulu, kuya ngokuthi yikuphi ukuhlukahluka. Ukudla ushukela okungakanani ngezinsuku ezomisiwe ezinezinhlamvu - izithelo ezomisiwe zesundu sosuku ziqukethe ushukela ongu-60-65% (ikakhulukazi i-fructose noshukela, okungamthinti kabi umzimba), kungaphezu kwezinye izithelo.
Indawo yokusabalalisa
I-date yesundu ikhula ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo futhi ingabekezelela nje ukupholisa kwesikhashana esifushane. Lesihlahla sivamile eYurophu, e-Asia, eNdiya, e-Afrika, idolobha laseLuxor, eNingizimu Melika nase-Australia. Izinsuku zaseCanada namaRobelins bakhetha ukukhula ezindaweni ezisogwini, amatshe nasemadwaleni. Isundu lesundu lesundu lithela emathubeni atholakala ogwadule baseLibyan naseNubian.
Izinhlobo ze-Date Phoenix Palm
Zingaphezu kuka-17 izinhlobo zezhlahla zezihlahla ezaziwa ngokuthi zikhule njengesihlahla somuthi nesithelo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezihlahla zesundu zezinsuku zifaka:
- I-Canary (canariensis);
- I-Palmate;
- Robelini (roebelenii).
I-Canary
Usuku lweCanary - endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, isiqu somuthi wekholomu sikhula sibe ngamamitha ayi-15 ukuphakama, kufinyelela kumitha eli-1 ububanzi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zangaphakathi, lesi sitshalo sincane kakhulu. I-Canary date palm inamaqabunga amakhulu ahlukene ngokwanele wombala we-malachite.
Canary Usuku Palm
Ukuqhakaza kwesihlahla kwenzeka kuphela emvelweni, ezimeni zokulungiswa kwasekhaya isitshalo asiqhakaza. Izinsuku ze-Canary ekunakekelweni kwasekhaya zidinga ukubambelela ngokucophelela kumbuso wokunisela futhi kuqinisekiswe ukukhanya okuhle.
I-Palmate
I-Date Palmate - ngokwemvelo, isiqu sesihlahla sifinyelela kumamitha angama-30 ukuphakama namasentimitha angama-30 ngokujikeleza. Esiqwini sesihlahla kunezinsalela eziningi zamathanga omisiwe. Amacembe ahlukene, amade impela (afinyelela kumamitha ayisithupha), ahlelwe ngendlela efana nesibhakela, njengesimbali phezulu kakhulu.
Nakani! Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu, izitshalo ezincane zitshalwa ekhaya.
Isundu usuku lwesundu
Robelini
Usuku iRobelini isihlahla somhlaseli esine-multi-barrel noma esisodwa, sikhula sifinyelele kumamitha ayi-1,3 ukuphakama. Isiqu sombuthano cishe singamasentimitha ayi-10. Amaqabunga angama-pinnate, anobude obuphakathi (kufika kumamitha ayi-2), umbala wawo uluhlaza okotshani.
Usuku uRobelini
Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane nokukhula kancane, le nhlobo kulula kakhulu ukuyikhulisa ekhaya.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
Imithetho yokunakekela intende yosuku iyafana nakwezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla zesundu.
Isibani
Isihlahla sosuku sithanda ukukhanyiswa okuhle, kepha siyozizwa sihle ngisho nasethunzini elithile. Imbiza enesitshalo ingabekwa efasiteleni lewindows lasentshonalanga noma elisempumalanga. Ukuze umqhele ukhule ngokulinganayo, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okuvulekile, futhi kufanele usiguqule njalo ngezinhlangothi ezihlukile kumthombo wokukhanya.
Isihlahla sesundu ebhodweni eliphansi
Ehlobo, lapho ubusuku bufudumele futhi izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kwe-+12 degrees, ungagcina isihlahla sesundu ngaphandle engadini, ngaphansi komthunzi wezinye izihlahla. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, khona-ke kufanelekile ukuthatha lesi sitshalo siye kwi-loggia noma kuvulandi, kepha usihlinzeke esivikeleni elangeni eliqondile.
Kubalulekile! Uma intende ingaphendulwanga ohlangothini oluhlukile ibheke elangeni, umqhele uzokhula kahle uhlangothi olulodwa.
Ukunisela
Lapho sigcinwa ekhaya, isitshalo kumele sinikezwe ukuthambisa okuvamile. Ungavumeli ukomiswa kokwemba kobumba ebhodweni. Lapho nje ungqimba olukhulu (amasentimitha angama-2-3) womhlabathi womile, kuyadingeka ukuwunisela. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo (kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti), isihlahla sesundu sidinga inani elikhulu kakhulu lokunisela.
Ngesikhathi sokushisa okuthe xaxa, lesi sitshalo siniselwa zonke izinsuku ezimbili bese amaqabunga afafazwe afafazwa kanye ngosuku. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula (Septhemba - ukuphela kukaMashi), isitshalo kufanele siniselwe kaningi (hhayi isikhathi esingaphezu kwesingu-1 ngeviki) hhayi kakhulu.
Ukunisela izihlahla zesundu kusuka kuthayela kungaba
Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama wenhlabathi, ungabeka imbiza ngesitshalo epallet enobumba noma i-moss enwetshiwe. Lapho unisela isundu, ungathululeli amanzi amaningi, ngaphandle kwalokho, ngenxa yomswakama omanzi womhlabathi, izimpande zingabola futhi isitshalo sizofa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ibhodwe lifakwe amanzi akhona.
Ukushisa kanye nomswakama
Ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo nasehlobo, lapho kunenqubo esebenzayo yezitshalo, + 20-25 ° C kubhekwa njengezinga lokushisa elifanelekile lokulungiswa kwesihlahla. Ngesikhathi sokushisa (ekwindla, ebusika), izinga lokushisa lomoya elifanele lesitshalo kubhekwe ukuthi libe ngu + 15-18 ° C, kepha kunezinhlobo ezinjalo zezintende zezinsuku ebusika kahle ku + 8-10 ° C.
Lapho ugcina isihlahla sosuku, kufanelekile ukubhekisisa ukuthi ifinyelela kabi kusalungiswa. Amahlamvu angaba mnyama noma awele ngokuphelele. Futhi, lesi sitshalo sinohlelo lwezimpande olubucayi kakhulu, ngakho-ke imbiza enesihlahla sesundu akumele ibekwe phansi kumhlaba obandayo noma nge-sill yewindows.
Umuthi uthanda kakhulu umswakama ophakeme, futhi uma uphakeme, ungcono (cishe u-70-85%). Kunconywa ukufaka ama-humidifiers egumbini lapho isitshalo simi khona, futhi futhi njalo fafaza amaqabunga ngamanzi angahlanzekile afudumele.
Isifutho samanzi
Kanye njalo emavikini amabili, udinga ukusula amaqabunga esundu ngesiponsi esithambile nesithambile. Kanye emva kwezinsuku eziyi-7, kufanelekile ukufudumeza isitshalo kusuka kubhavu, kuyilapho amanzi kufanele afudumele futhi athambile.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ngenkathi yokukhula esebenzayo, isundu lemihla livundiswa kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-14. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, kumanyolo kusetshenziswa kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-30. Zisetshenziselwa ifomu lewuketshezi. Ukugqoka okuhlanganisiwe okuphezulu kokuhlobisa okwakha umhlobiso wezitshalo ezinwebekayo kanye nezinhlobo ezikhethekile zamaminerali nezindikimba zezihlahla zesundu kubhekwa njengokuhamba phambili.
Lesi sitshalo sondliwa ngendlela yezimpande nangefoliar, sishaye amaqabunga esitshalo ngomanyolo. Ukuze uthole ukwanda okuhle kwesisindo esiluhlaza samaqabunga esundu, kudingeka initrogen enkulu.
Ukufakelwa
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isihlahla sesundu ayikuthandi ukufakelwa, kusadingeka ukuthi kutshalwe kabusha. Izitshalo ezincane, ezineminyaka engama-1-5 ubudala, zidinga ukufakelwa konyaka. Izihlahla zesundu ezikhulile kuneminyaka emi-5 kufanele zitshalwe kabusha njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3.
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngokudluliselwa ngesigaxa esidala sobumba. Okokuqala, ungqimba lokudonsa udaka olwandisiwe lubekwa ezansi kwembiza entsha, khona-ke isihlahla sesundu sibekwa kanye nomhlaba wakudala bese kufafazwa ngenani elidingekayo lokuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi entsha.
Ukudlulisela isitshalo ebhodweni elisha
Lapho ukufakelwa, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi imbiza yesitshalo kumele ikhethwe iphezulu kakhulu, ngoba izimpande zesundu zinde. Ngokufakelwa kwentende yosuku, njengomthetho, basebenzisa le nketho yenhlabathi: i-turf, inhlabathi eshidi nesihlabathi. Zonke izinto zithathwa ngokulingana okulinganayo.
Izinkinga Zokukhula Kwesundu
Uma ungayilandeli imithetho edingekayo yokunakekelwa, uyiphuzise kaningi noma kancane, khona-ke kungekudala lesi sitshalo singagula, izinambuzane zingavela nazo.
Izinambuzane nezinambuzane
Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ezihlasela isundu lasekhaya:
- Isicabucabu esibomvu. Lesi sinambuzane, njengomthetho, siqala ngokunisela okungafanele kanye nokungahambisani nezimo zokushisa egumbini. Okokuqala, umkhaza uthinta iziqu bese amaqabunga esundu;
- Isihlangu. Lezi zinambuzane zibukeka njengamachashazi ansundu. Ashaya ingaphezulu kwamaqabunga, amunca lonke ujusi kuwo. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaqabunga asesihlahleni sesundu aqala ukuphuma aphuzi, omile bese ewa;
- I-spider mite ijwayelekile. Lesi sinambuzane singabonakala ngenxa yomoya omile ngaphakathi endlini. Lapho intende ithinteka yile pest, kungabonakala i-cobweb encane emaqabungeni.
Kushiya isomile emthini wesundu
- I-Powdery Worm. Lesi sinambuzane sithinta isiqu sesitshalo namahlamvu ngokwawo. Uma kungekho sinyathelo esithathwayo, umuthi uzokoma ngokushesha okukhulu;
- Ama-Thrips. Ama-midges amancane kakhulu abeka amaqanda awo kumaqabunga esundu. Uma isitshalo sithelelekile, amabala ansundu angabonakala ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga, futhi abe mhlophe ngaphandle.
Uma kutholakala lezi zinambuzane, akufanele unovalo - kungenzeka ukwelapha isitshalo.
Izinambuzane zinganqotshwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ukususwa kwemishini ngesiponji nensipho;
- Ukufafaza ngezidakamizwa: Pyrethrum, Fosfamide, Actellik, Fitoverm. Lezi zimali zisetshenziswa ngendlela yesisombululo, kusetshenziswa amagremu amabili womuthi ngelitha lamanzi;
- Ngokuphatha amaqabunga kanye nesiqu ngotshwala (izindawo ezimanzi ziyasulwa ngotshani bekotini omanzi, kufafazwe ngamanzi).
Imininingwane eyengeziwe. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole ngezikhathi ezithile isiqu, amaqabunga neziqu zesundu sosuku ukuze uqaphele izinambuzane ezinesikhathi esingaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.
Izifo ezijwayelekile
Izintende zezinsuku azihlaselwa izinambuzane kuphela, kepha nezifo.
Amathiphu amaqabunga asomile
Njengomthetho, amathiphu amaqabunga aqala ukoma entendeni yesihlahla ngokunisela okunganele, lapho umhlabathi womile kakhulu. Okunye isizathu ukuntuleka kukamanyolo. Uma ukuthambisa kwenziwa njalo, futhi ukugqoka phezulu kufakwa ngesikhathi, khona-ke isizathu singaba semswakama wenhlabathi ezimpandeni.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngomhlabathi ongavunyelwe kahle. Ungayixazulula inkinga ngokudonsa isitshalo epanini, uhlanze izimpande bese usifaka kwenye imbiza, kodwa qiniseka ukubeka ungqimba lwamanzi phansi.
Amaqabunga aphuzi
Uma amaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi entendeni yesandla, lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi bekuphuziswe kahle, noma kwethulwe isilinganiso esanele sokufaka umanyolo okunempilo. Futhi, imbangela ingaba ukunisela ngamanzi kanzima nomoya omile kakhulu egumbini.
Amacembe asomile
Ungaxazulula inkinga ngokufafaza kakhulu ngokunisela ngamanzi afudumele ahlanzekile.
Amaqabunga ansundu
Kungani kwavela amaqabunga ansundu esihlahleni sesundu - lesi sitshalo sathola ukufakwa ngokweqile noma i-hypothermia. Ukuze usindise isihlahla, udinga ukusikhipha ebhodweni bese uhlola izimpande, unqume owonakele, ufafaze ngamalahle ochotshoziwe bese udlulisela isitshalo emhlabathini omusha.
Ungakhula kanjani intende yesandla kusuka kuthambo losuku
Ubungako besundu losuku ukuthi lingatshalwa kusuka enzalweni. Ukuze kuzalwe kwenzeke, kubalulekile ukukhetha lezo zithelo ezomisiwe ezingazange ziphathwe ukushisa. Isundu elinjalo kuphela ngeke lithele.
Amathambo osuku, inhlabathi ebunjiwe kanye namahlumela
Ukulungiswa kwamathambo nokuhluma
Hlukanisa ithambo ezinsukwini, hlambulula kahle bese ucwilisa emanzini afudumele ngosuku. Ukuhluma okungcono, isikhumba singashiswa ngamanzi abilayo. Ngokulandelayo, imbewu yosuku kufanele ifakwe ungqimba loboya obumanzi bekotini bese imbozwa ngolunye ungqimba.
Faka uboya bekotini esitsheni bese ubeka endaweni efudumele kakhulu yokuhluma. Kuyadingeka njalo ukuthambisa uboya bekotini futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ukubumba akuveli. Kungathatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga ukumila, ngakho yiba nesineke.
Ukukhetha komhlaba nenhlabathi
Lapho ihlumela livela kuthambo, lingatshalwa emhlabathini olungiselelwe ngaphambilini. Ukulungiselela kwayo thatha: i-turf, i-peat, i-sawdust ne-humus ngamanani alinganayo. Ungasebenzisa futhi isendlalelo sesitolo semithi yesundu.
Kubalulekile! beka ungqimba lomsele ngaphansi kwethangi. Ukujula ithambo okwesithathu emhlabathini. Beka isitsha nge-landings endaweni efudumele. Gcina umhlabathi esitsheni umanzi kancane. Ungqimba lwe-sphagnum moss lungabekwa ngaphezulu komhlaba.
Sprout ukunakekelwa
Amahlumela okuqala avela ezinyangeni ezingama-1-6. Lapho sezikhulile zaya ku-10 amasentimitha, kufanele zidluliselwe kumabhodwe ahlukile. Kubalulekile ukuthi amabhodwe amade, njengoba izimpande ezinde zikhula ngosuku. Lokhu kulandelwa ukufakelwa konyaka ebhodweni elikhudlwana.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezitshalo ezisencane, izihlahla akumele zenziwe, ngoba iphuzu lokukhula lisendaweni ephezulu kakhulu. Futhi, amahlumela kudingeka anikeze ukukhanya kwelanga okugcwele nokushisa komoya okuzinzile.
Ukukhulisa isundu ngosuku iphupho labalimi abaningi, lingahunyushwa kalula ngokuthi iqiniso, kufanele ubeke umzamo omncane nokubekezela.
