Amapani, noma, njengoba ebizwa kanjalo, ama-viola izimbali ezinhle kakhulu ekunzima ukuzisusa. Ngenxa yezinganekwane ezijikelezayo, zivusa imizwa yothando nesisa. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo sithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, futhi sitholakala cishe kuyo yonke ingadi.
Incazelo yezitshalo
Amapayipi abizwa ngokwesayensi abizwa ngokuthi ama-violets, avela minyaka yonke, ahlanganisa iminyaka emibili futhi awapheli. Kuya ngezimo zezulu lapho imbali izokhula khona. Akazibekezeleli isithwathwa esinzima. Okulimazayo ikakhulukazi kungaba ubusika obuncane obunamaqhwa nobusika obunentwasahlobo, kuhlangana namafrimu asebusuku. Ngakho-ke, ngempilo ende, ama-pansies ngenkathi ebandayo ahlanganiswe ngokucophelela.
Isitshalo saqala ukuvela eChina naseJapan.
Amapayipi
Nakani! Ekhaya, i-viola itshalwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi ukuqhakaza kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo entwasahlobo noma ehlobo.
Lesi sitshalo sinezimpawu zesiqu esincane esinamaqabunga ayindilinga nezimbali ezikhula zodwa. I-buds eye yavela inezinhlamvu ezinhlanu, ezimbili zazo zikhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye. Izimbali eziqhakaza zingaba ngemibala ehlukene: ukusuka kokumhlophe kuya kokumnyama okunendawo ethandekayo phakathi.
Ngaphezu kwezimpawu zayo zokuhlobisa, i-viola isetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha nezokuhlobisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngesikhathi sezimbali eziningi, ingxenye engenhla ye-bud iyanqunywa, yomiswe bese ibekwa esitsheni lapho ingagcinwa khona iminyaka eminingana. Lesi sitshalo sinezinto eziningi ezilusizo ekwakhekeni kwazo: i-insulin, i-ascorbic ne-salicylic acid, uwoyela obalulekile, ama-polysaccharides.
Ngemininingwane! Ngiyabonga kubo, le mbali isetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo zesikhumba, i-bronchitis, umkhuhlane, izifo zepheshana esiswini. Kwi-cosmetology, izimbali zisetshenziswa njengamamaski nobuso okugcotshwa kobuso futhi zisiza ekulweni nemiphuzo, umqubuko kanye nokuklwebheka, kwenza isikhumba sibushelelezi futhi senziwe umswakama.
Kepha, ngaphandle kwazo zonke izakhiwo eziwusizo, ama-pansies angabizwa ngokuthi isitshalo esinoshevu. Ama-inflorescence awo aqukethe udayi wemvelo u-E161, oyingozi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, angadala ukungezwani komzimba futhi alimaze nepheshana lesisu. Abantu abahlushwa i-hepatitis bahlukaniswe ngemithi yokwelashwa nge-violet decoction. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye ingaba nemiphumela emibi njengokuhlanza, ukuqubuka, kanye nenausea.
Umuthi
Ukukhula kwama-violets
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokukhulisa imbali - kusuka kwiimbewu nakuzo izithombo. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuyafana, ngoba izithombo zitholakala ngokumila imbewu. Kepha ikakhulukazi lapho ukhetha indlela yengadi yakho, udinga ukuqondiswa yiqiniso lokuthi izithombo endaweni evulekile zingatholakala eduze kokuphela kwehlobo, futhi isitshalo esisha siyohluma ekwindla futhi ngeke sibe nesikhathi sokujabulela ukubonakala kwaso.
Nakani! Inzuzo yendlela yokutshala imbewu ukuthi ungakhulisa imbali ekhaya nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka ebhodweni noma etshali, futhi lapho isimo sezulu sifudumele, isitshalo simane sitshalwe singene engadini.
Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zamapani
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-viols ezihluke ngombala, ngosayizi nokwakheka kwama-petals. Kepha okusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulima izinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlobo.
I-Yellow viola
- Amapani aphuzi. Ama-petals ezimbali anombala ophuzi ophuzi. Lesi sitshalo singafinyelela ku-15 cm ubude, singokwesigaba seziqhwaga zaseSwitzerland futhi sineminyaka emibili. I-Yellow viola isitshalo esingenakuzithoba, esatshalaliswa yimbewu.
- Amapayipi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Zinezinsimbi zombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimbali zikhula ezincane ngosayizi cishe amasentimitha ayi-5. I-Blue viola isho izitshalo zisetshenziswa futhi zingatshalwa zombili emhlabathini ovulekile nasemabhodweni. Njengoba kuyisitshalo esithanda ukushisa, indawo lapho ungatshala khona kufanele ikhethwe yilanga.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithandwa kakhulu, kepha kusenezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene futhi ezivame ukuvuthwa ezingadini: izinhlobo ezimhlophe, eziphakeme zepinki. Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-viola yasendle noma yasensimini, esetshenziswa kabanzi ngezinjongo zokugcoba nezokwelapha.
Blue viola
Amapayipi: ukutshala nokunakekela endaweni evulekile
Ngemuva kokukhetha izinhlobo zakho zezitshalo ozithandayo, kufanele uqhubeke nokutshala. Ukuze i-violet ikhule kahle futhi iqhume kahle, kuyadingeka ukuyilungisa kahle futhi uyitshale.
Ungatshala nini imbewu yezithombo
Uma kunesifiso sokuthola isitshalo esiqhakazayo ngonyaka wokuqala, kuzoba ngcono ukukhulisa izithombo kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngoFebhuwari. Ngokuhluma okuzayo, kukhethwa imbiza encane yezimbali noma isitsha.
Ukukhethwa kwenhlabathi yezithombo
Indlela elula yokutshala ukusebenzisa i-substrate ethengiwe - amaphilisi we-peat kanye kakhukhunathi, izingxube ezikhethekile eziyinkimbinkimbi. Uma kungekho zitolo eziseduze, khona-ke ungalungiselela wena uqobo ingxube yezithombo. Kwanele ekwindla ukwenza i-substrate evela enhlabathini yomgwaqo, isihlabathi kanye ne-peat bese uyigcina egumbini elomile. Ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu, umhlaba uyafudumala kahle egumbini elinamandla.
Kubalulekile! Lapho uqoqa le ngxube, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-violets awawuthandi inhlabathi enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-alkali.
Ukuqala ukuhlwanyela imbewu, kunconywa ukuthi kulungiselelwe isigatshana sendawo elandelayo: ingxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi nomquba obunjiweyo kanye nezingxenye ezintathu zenhlabathi evundile. Ngaphambi kokuxubana, wonke udoti, amabala owomile otshani namahlumela asuka ezingxenyeni ayakhishwa.
Ukulungiselela imbewu nokutshala
Ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi yezithombo isilungisiwe, ungaqala ukulungiselela imbewu yokutshala.
Njengoba namuhla kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 zamapani ezaziwayo, ngaphambi kokhetho lokugcina udinga ukunquma ukuthi yisiphi isitshalo ofuna ukusithola. Naka ukuphakama kwesihlahla esizayo, ubukhulu bezimbali. Umbala, isikhathi sokuqhakaza nokuqina kweqhwa kuzobaluleka.
Nakani! Ungakhetha izinhlobo zokutshala zokuhlobisa efulethini noma zokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile.
Imbewu ekhethiwe iyamunca kuze kube amahlumela okuqala avele futhi atshalwe enhlabathini izingcezu ezimbalwa. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imbewu ye-violet igcinwa iminyaka engaphezulu kwemibili, ngakho-ke akufanele usebenzise lezo eziqoqwe ngonyaka owedlule noma ngaphezulu.
Imbewu yesitshalo iqhuma ngokushesha futhi ngemuva kwesonto kuvela amahlumela okuqala. Esikhathini esizayo, angashiywa esitsheni sinye noma atshalwe emabhodweni ahlukile. Kusukela ekuqaleni kokutshala kuze kufike lapho izithombo kufanele zitshalwe khona, kuthatha izinyanga ezine.
Ukutshala imbewu
Ukunakekela izithombo
Kusukela lapho kuvela amahlumela kuqala nangaphambi kokufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile, imbali kufanele inakekelwe kahle:
- qaphela umbuso wokunisela futhi uyixube kanye ngenyanga ngokugqoka okungaphezulu ngomanyolo we-organic;
- ligcina izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kwe-25 ° ะก;
- ukugcina umswakama owanele kanye nokufafaza isitshalo uma kunesidingo;
- ukuhlinzeka ngokukhanya okudingekayo.
Amaviki ambalwa ngaphambi kokudlulela emhlabathini ovulekile, uma sekufudumele ngokwanele emgwaqweni, izithombo ziqala ukulungiswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudinga ukukhishwa nsuku zonke. Okokuqala, ungashiya isigamu sehora, bese kuba amahora angama-4. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, khona-ke izimbali zizovela ngaphambili futhi zizobukeka zingcono.
Kubalulekile! Izithombo ezilungele ukulungela umhlaba maphakathi noMeyi.
Ukutshala imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukutshala imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ethatha isikhathi. Le ndlela isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezinkulisa lapho izimbali zitshalwa khona ukuze zithengiswe.
Ukuqala ukufika, kudingeka izinga lokushisa lama-20-22 ° C. Iphakeme igcwele ukuvela kwezifo zokukhunta. Uma uqala ukuhlwanyela ngoMeyi, khona-ke i-viola ingaqala ukuqhakaza ehlobo, kepha isikhathi sasebusika sizoba nzima. Lapho kuhlwanyelwa ngoJuni noma ngoJulayi, izimbali zizovela kuphela ngonyaka olandelayo.
Nakani! Ukuze izitshalo ezincane zikhule, zidinga ukuhlinzeka ngokukhanyisa okwanele nokunisela okuvamisile, bese sikhula inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla kusuka kokhula.
Ukukhetha indawo ongatshala kuyo nokunakekela izitshalo
Noma yikuphi ukukhetha okuhlongozwayo okukhethiwe sekukhethiwe, lapho ukutshala endaweni evulekile, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efanele. Lokhu kufanele kube yindawo ekhanyiswe kahle kude nezitshalo ezinde. Umhlabathi osendaweni yokutshala kufanele uvunde, ukhulule futhi usulwe ukhula. Uma zonke izimo zihlangabezana, khona-ke ungaqhubeka ngokufika, uqondiswe ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- Indawo imakwe, futhi ukuze izithombo zokutshala zenziwe ngokujula okungaba ngu-20 cm, ibanga phakathi kwezithombo likhethwe ngokuzimela.
- Umgodi uthele kahle ngamanzi, khona-ke isithombo sithwelwe kancane kuso.
- Umgodi ufafazwa ngokucophelela nge-peat noma komquba.
- Ngemuva kokutshalwa kwezithombo, udinga ukunakekelwa njalo nokugqoka okuphezulu.
Indawo yokuhlala
Kuyadingeka ukunisela izithombo ezitshaliwe izikhathi ezimbalwa ngesonto ekuseni noma kusihlwa, kuya ngezimo zezulu. Dedela inhlabathi ngemuva kokunisela kufanele ibe sesimweni sezulu esishisa kakhulu. Ngomswakama onganele wezimpande, izimbali zibuna ngokushesha bese ziwa. Ungasondla isitshalo kanye ngesonto. Umanyolo kumele ube ne-phosphorus, potassium noma nitrogen.
Ngemininingwane! Izimbali ezinesihlwathi nezihlumela ezinde kakhulu kufanele zisikwe futhi ziniselwe ngokushesha.
Ukuvimbela Izifo nokulawula izinambuzane
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezifo nezinambuzane eziyingozi ku-viola.
- I-Powdery Mildew Ithinta zonke izingxenye zesitshalo, ezifa kamuva. Ungasusa ngosizo lwe-emulsion yesepha lamanzi.
- Ukubola okumpunga. Uqothula izimbali ngokuphelele. Awuthathi hlangothi ngesisombululo se-diabetes.
- Umlenze omnyama luhlobo lokubola oluthinta izimpande zesitshalo. Kuvela ngenxa yokunisela ngokweqile nomhlabathi ominyene. Alukho ikhambi.
Izinambuzane eziphambili zamapansies zingaba yi-aphid kanye nezikhala zesicabucabu. Uma ungakunaki ukubukeka kwabo ngesikhathi, khona-ke lesi sitshalo siqala ukubuna futhi singafa. Ukucubungula kuzosiza ukubasusa ngezindlela ezikhethekile.
Izinambuzane
Uma ulandela zonke izincomo zokutshala nokunakekela i-viola, ngonyaka olandelayo izimbali ze-violets zizothokozisa iso efulethini noma esakhiweni segadi.
