Umndeni osondelene - izimpawu ze-nightshade

I-Solanaceae - umndeni onamandla, kubandakanya imifino edliwayo (amazambane, utamatisi, upelepele, isitshalo seqanda), izimbali zokuhlobisa, amakhambi okwelapha anobuthi asendle anobuthi. Ubuthi obuqukethwe iningi labamele bungambulala umuntu omdala, kepha buvame ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha ezisemthethweni. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-nightshade - esihlokweni.

Isimilo somndeni we-nightshade

ISolanaceae ngumndeni wezitshalo, okuthi ngonyaka ka-2019 ube nohlobo lwe-115 genera nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-2700. Abantu bathola abaningi babo nsuku zonke: izimbali zasendlini, imifino ejwayelekile, ugwayi nezitshalo zokwelapha.

Abamele i-nightshade

Abamele bahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu zokuphila:

• amakhambi;
• izihlahlana (emile futhi ezinwabuzelayo);
• izihlahla (nightshade noma acnistus).

Kanye nomndeni we- "bindweed" bakha i-oda elijwayelekile le-nightshade.

Izici zezitshalo eziseduze

Iningi labamele linephunga elimnandi elimnandi. Izinhlobo ezinobuthi zimbozwe ngokwengxenye ngamaseli e-glandular futhi zikhipha iphunga elixakile.

Umthamo oyingozi wama-alkaloids utholakala ku-hen, dope kanye ne-belladonna. Ubuthi bukhipha umkhuhlane, ikhanda, isiyezi, uhudo. Ngokuphendula isikhathi eside, umsebenzi we-thyroid gland ukhubazekile, izitho zokugaya zilimele, futhi umbono uyawohloka.

Izenzo uma kungenzeka ukuthi zinobuthi: shayela i-ambulensi, bese uphuza amanzi ngokuthambisa okuthile bese ubangela ukugabha.

Izimpawu zomndeni wakwa-nightshade

Umndeni ungowesigaba sama-dicotyledons. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imibungu yembewu yezitshalo inama-cotyledon amabili asemuva. Izitshalo ezingama-monocotyledonous, njengoba igama lisho, zinesabelo esisodwa. Abamele ama-monocotyledons afane kakhulu ezimfanelweni zabo. I-solanaceae ihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye, kepha izici ezimbalwa ezivamile zingahlukaniswa.

Izici zesici se-nightshade esisohlwini lwezethulo zesayensi:

• ukwakheka kwamaqabunga: bushelelezi, kumaphakathi, ngokufakelwa noma ngohlobo lobes;
• ngezansi naphakathi kwamaqabunga esiqu atholakala ndawana-thile, engxenyeni enezimbali - ngamabili;
• ama-inflorescence angama-curls aphakathi nendawo, ngokuvamile ngokusakazeka kwezimbali;
• inkomishi ivame ukuba namaqabunga ama-5, inciphise kaningi - isuka ku-4 iye ku-7;
• i-whisk ingaba ngesimo sesondo, isoseji, iloli.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile

Izithelo zeSolanum

Izithelo kukhona amajikijolo (upelepele, i-nightshade, isitshalo seqanda, amazambane, i-physalis, njll.) Noma amabhokisi (ugwayi, i-petunia, i-belladonna, i-bleached, i-dope). Amabhokisi avuleka emaphikweni. Imbewu yenzelwe izinso, iqukethe inani elikhulu lamaprotheni.

I-inflorescence yezitshalo eziseduze

Izinhlobo ze-inflorescence - i-curl noma i-gyrus. Ifomula lembali: * H (5) L (5) T5P1. Inani:

• i-calyx inamathuna amahlanu aqanjiwe;
• i-corolla inezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezihlanganisiwe;
• inani lababambeleli abanamathele kuma-petals liyihlanu;
• ipestle linye.

Isakhiwo sezimbali

Amaqabunga omndeni we-nightshade

Ilula, ilayishwe, kwesinye isikhathi ihlukaniswe. Esiqwini zihlelwe ngokuhlukile. Amasampula awekho. Abanye abamele bambozwe izinwele.
Uhlu lwezilimo eziseduze:
Izitshalo ze-Herbaceous

Umndeni osondelene, onezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-2,600, uqukethe izitshalo ezine-herbaceous kakhulu.

• i-mandrake;
• ugwayi
• isitshalo seqanda (i-solanaceous dark-fruited);
• amazambane
• upelepele obabayo futhi omnandi;
• i-bittersweet nightshade (wolfberry);
• i-scopolia;
• upelepele wamanga nightshade;
• amakhaladi amakhulu;
• jasmine nightshade nabanye

Izitshalo ezinemifino

Izitshalo eziseduze zemifino:

• Izambane. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zesitshalo, eziguqulwe amahlumela angaphansi komhlaba, ziyaqedwa. Emasimini, amazambane asatshalaliswa ngokwesiko kusetshenziswa ama-tubers, kepha ukulima usebenzisa imbewu kungenzeka. Izithelo zamazambane isithelo esingahlwanyiwe esiluhlaza esinembewu ngaphakathi.
• Isitshalo seqanda. Izitshalo zasendle zihlala zisetshenziswa futhi ezitshaliwe zingapheli. Ngombono we-botanical, isithelo esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibheri. Imvamisa, izithelo ezingavuthiwe ezinombala onsomi-onsundu zisetshenziselwa ukudla. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa okugcwele, ikhasi le-isitshalo seqanda luthola umbala onsundu-luhlaza, bese izithelo ngokwazo ziba lukhuni futhi zingathandeki.
• I-Capsicum (imnandi futhi imunyu). Ukunambitheka okubukhali kwemifino kunikeza i-alkaloid capacin.
• Utamatisi (utamatisi). Njengasekuqaleni, izithelo zingamajikijolo, hhayi imifino.

Enye i-nightshade nightshade edliwayo engeyona imifino:

• UMelon Pear. Kutholakala ezingadini zaseRussia, kepha kungakhuli ngesilinganiso sezimboni. Izithelo zinokunambitheka okumnandi futhi ziqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini, ama-micro and micro element.
• I-Physalis. Izici ze-botanical ziyefana notamatisi. Ku-CIS, i-physalis ivame ukutholakala kakhulu e-confectionery - isetshenziswa njengomhlobiso. Futhi, ngezithelo ezifihliwe ezindebe, ungenza ujamu noma usawoti.

I-Physalis

Izitshalo zokuhlobisa eziseduze

Leli qembu lifaka izimbali zasendlini nezingadi, izihlahlana kanye nezikhilimu. Zibonakaliswa izimbali eziningi ezinkulu, ezikhanyayo.

Izitshalo zokuhlobisa zifaka izitshalo eziningi.

UPetunia

Isitshalo esijwayelekile ku-CIS sinezimbali eziqhakazelayo, esihlala izinyanga ezimbalwa. Inezinsimbi ezikhanyayo ezinamabala noma izingxenyana ezincane. Umongo uphuzi noma umhlophe. Amabhuloho amasha akha kuze kube ngu-Okthoba. Amahlumela alenga phansi, ngakho-ke i-petunia isetshenziswa kaningi ekubonweni komhlaba okumile.

Ugwayi omnandi

Lesi sitshalo sinezimbali ezincane kodwa ezinamakha ngokweqile ezivula ngemuva kokushona kwelanga. Umbala - omhlophe noma opinki oshisayo. Usikilidi nogwayi, kusetshenziswa amahlamvu kagwayi omisiwe aqukethe i-nicotine eningi.

Ugwayi omnandi

I-Bittersweet nightshade

Ilungele ukubekwa edamini echibini, ngoba izizwa inomswakama ophezulu. Inamaqabunga ekhomba oblong. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kwakheka izithelo ezibomvu eziyindilinga, eziqhubeka kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba.

I-Capsicum

Isithasiselo sendlu esingajwayelekile esaziwa ngokuthi yindlu. Izithelo - i-peppercorns obomvu, ophuzi, omhlophe, owolintshi noma onsomi. Banokunambitheka okuvuthayo, njengoba kuqukethe i-capsaicin.

I-Capsicum

I-Calibrachoa

Isitshalo esinezimbali eziningi. Inokubukeka okufana ne-petunia - izinsimbi zazo zonke izinhlobo zemibala. Emasimini ungathola onsomi, onsundu futhi okhanyayo opinki, peach, ophuzi, obomvu, izimbali ezimhlophe ngisho nomxube ogqamile.

I-Calibrachoa

Izitshalo zasendle

Umndeni we-nightshade uqukethe abamele amasiko nabasendle. Isigaba sokugcina sifaka:

• umnyama omnyama;
• i-bittersweet nightshade;
• i-dope ejwayelekile;
• i-belladonna;
• i-belena nabanye

Inightshade Iningi.

Izitshalo zokwelapha zomndeni we-nightshade

Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-alkaloid, amalungu amaningi omndeni akhula endle anobuthi. Kodwa-ke, ubuthi busetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwi-pharmacology ekugxilweni okuncane. Isibonelo sezitshalo ezinobuthi bezokwelapha:

• i-belladonna;
• ugwayi
• mnyama omnyama;
• i-mandrake;
• dope;
• i-scopolia;
• i-bittersweet nightshade;
• umnyama omnyama;
• bird nightshade.

Hhayi ubuthi:

• upelepele.

Ama-alkaloid aphumela obala (i-hyoscyamine, i-scopolamine, i-atropine) asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo zesisu, isifo se-peptic ulcer, izifo zohlelo lomchamo, i-asthma, cholecystitis. Emithini yabantu, i-tincture kanye ne-decoction yezimpande, kusetshenziswa i-powder evela emaqabunga omisiwe.

Izitshalo ezinoshevu onoshevu

Izitshalo ziyehluka ngokwezinga lobuthi bephoyinti nendawo yokuxakaniseka kwayo. Ubusuku be-nightshade obunobuthi bubhalwe ngezansi.

I-Belladonna

Amagama athandwayo: Ukufutheka kukaBryry no-Sleepy Foolishness. Izithelo - amajikijolo amnyama acwebezelayo aqukethe inqwaba yezinoshevu. Umthamo obulalayo wezingane ngama-3 amajikijolo. Kwabadala - kusuka kwabangu-10.

Anesthetizes futhi reliems spasms. Izimpande namaqabunga asetshenziswa ngendlela eyomile noma entsha. Ngomuthi osemthethweni, lesi sitshalo siyingxenye yamathebulethi kanye nama-tinctures, emithini yabantu I-Belladonna isiza ngezifo zesisu, i-cholecystitis, isifo sikaParkinson.

I-Mandrake

Isitshalo esingaqondakali sasingafi ezinganekwaneni zaseYurophu zasendulo. Kwakunezinganekwane ukuthi lesi sitshalo singakhala futhi ngokukhamuluka kwaso kungabulala isidalwa esiphilayo. Inesimo esingajwayelekile - izimpande zaso zifana ngokuqinile nesibalo somuntu. Ziqukethe i-scopolamine - olunye uhlobo lwama-alkaloids olusetshenziswa ekhemisi yesimanje.

Impande ye-Mandrake

I-Datura ejwayelekile

Uhlobo lwamakhambi wonyaka oluyingxenye yomndeni we-nightshade. Isitshalo sobuthi esinoshevu. I-Hyoscinamine ikhishwa emaqabungeni emithi elwa ne-asthma, kanti imbewu ingumthombo we-atropine, osetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo zepheshana lesisu, isibindi, isinye inyongo kanye nohlelo lomchamo. Imbangela yodwala iyingozi - ubuthi, obunempahla ye-hallucinogenic. Itholakala ngeziqu, izimpande kanye nembewu.

I-belena emnyama

Isetjenziswa njengephilisi lokugobhoza komoya kanye nokugula kwezilwandle. Ama-Rhizomes kanye nokukhipha amaqabunga asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izilonda zesisu, izifo zesibindi, nezinkinga zokubuka. Zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zinobuthi: izimbali, imbewu, iziqu, amaqabunga, izimpande. Inani eliphakeme lobuthi ukuphela kwentwasahlobo.

Izitshalo ezitshaliwe zomndeni we-nightshade

Umndeni ungahlukaniswa ube izitshalo zasendle nezitshaliwe. Ikhulekwe endle kusetshenziswa izindlela zesayensi: ukuzalanisa, ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo, ukudala ama-nzalo. Okuhlobene nokuhlangana kwamasiko:

• amazambane
• isitshalo seqanda
• Utamatisi
• upelepele;
• ukubhema ugwayi.

Kudala bakhule umuntu ngokudla, ukudla kwezilwane, umuthi, izimonyo, amasiga kanye nogwayi.

ISolanaceae izitshalo abantu abahlangana nazo nsuku zonke. Amalungu omndeni asendle futhi atshaliwe ayazuza ekwakhekeni kwemithi nokudla, kanti izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ziguqula ikhaya.