Ngaphezu kwezihlahla zezithelo ezejwayelekile, abalimi abaningi baphendukela ukunaka kwezinhlobo ezihlukile nezinhlobonhlobo. Isibonelo, namuhla abaningi bazama ukutshala amakhiwane engadini yabo. Le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi impela, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele futhi ujwayelane nazo zonke izici zokunakekelwa. Ngakho-ke, isihloko sendatshana yanamuhla ngamakhiwane, ukunakekelwa nokutshala endle, ukuthena izihlahla, ubuchwepheshe bokutshala kanye namaqhinga amancane amancane kulabo asebekhulile ngempumelelo le berry yewayini.
Amakhiwane eCentral Russia
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamakhiwane emhlabeni. Kulezi, ungakhetha lezo ezizokhula eCentral Russia. Amathuba kuphela aphansi wokuthela izithelo phezulu. Lokhu kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi uma ungcoliswa izimbali zamakhiwane udinga abalimi be-wasp-nati. Futhi bahlala kuphela endaweni ethile. Kepha kunendlela yokuphuma - kuyadingeka ukutshala nokukhulisa izinhlobo zokuzenzela pollinating.
Ukulinywa kwangaphandle kwamakhiwane
Ukuthi ukhetha yiphi ibanga
Ukuxazulula inkinga yamakhiwane ethela izithelo kulezo zifunda zaseRussia lapho umhlwanyeli angahlali khona, abalimi baye bavuna izinhlobo zamakhiwane azithelisayo.
Namuhla kuningi zazo:
- Dalmatia
- Nikitsky;
- Onsomi yase-Abkhazian;
- Ubugebengu obuMnyama;
- UShuisky;
- Grey kusenesikhathi;
- UBrown Turkey nabanye.
Abalimi enkabeni yeRussia bathanda amakhiwane eDalmatia, ukutshalwa kuwo akulethi izinkinga ezithile. Izithelo zayo zimnandi kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, zibekezelela amazinga okushisa ngokweqile. Uzizwa emuhle ngisho nokwehla kokusebenza aze afike ku-15 ° C.
Isivuno esikhulu kakhulu sakhiwa amahlumela weminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala. Ngokwesilinganiso, izithelo zinesisindo esukela ku-150 kuye ku-200 g, zinomumo we-asymmetric nombala ophuzi ophuzi.
I-Fig Dalmatia
I-hardiness yasebusika enhle kakhulu iboniswa nguBrown Turkey. Kungamelana nokupholisa kwesikhashana esifushane kuze kube ngu-20 ° ะก. Izithelo kakhulu. Izithelo zibunjiwe ngoparele kufinyelela ku-100 g. Umbala ubomvu onsundu.
Ilungele umucu ophakathi nendawo namakhiwane eCrimea. Izithelo ezisezintweni zamapulangwe ezimise okweqanda futhi zinesisindo esingaba ngu-100. Ukutshala kunikeza imiphumela emihle eCrimea, Stavropol naseKrasnodar Territories, kepha eMiddle Strip naseMoscow Region kungatshalwa futhi ukuze kutholakale izithelo ezimnandi. Kepha ukuzalaniswa eSiberia kuvame ukwehluleka - kungcono ukhethe izinhlobo ezihlukile.
Izici zokutshala amakhiwane
Ngaphambi kokutshala amakhiwane engadini, udinga ukuzijwayeza wonke ama-nuances. Kufanele sizame ukudala izimo zokuncelisa ezisondele kwezijwayelekile. Kunzima impela, ikakhulukazi ebusika. Iseluleko sokutshala nabanakekelayo bezithelo zamakhiwane sizosiza ekugcineni isivuno, futhi ekugcineni sithole isivuno esihle.
Izinsuku zokutshala ukhiwane
Indima enkulu idlalwa ekuthuthukisweni kwesihlahla ngokuqondile kwesikhathi sokutshala. Kufanele uzame ukuhambisana nazo ngqo.
Ukutshala amakhiwane kunconyelwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngokushesha lapho kusungulwa isimo sezulu esifudumele futhi kusongelwa ukusongela kwamafrimu obusuku.
Ukunaka! Kungcono ukuthenga izithombo kusengaphambili futhi uzitshale emhlabathini ngokushesha nje lapho isimo sezulu sihlinzeka ngezimo ezinhle.
Ukulungiselela ukuxuba kwenhlabathi yokutshala amakhiwane emhlabathini ovulekile
Ngaphambi kokutshala amakhiwane esihlahla somhlaba ovulekile, kubalulekile ukulungisa ingxube yenhlabathi. Isitshalo asikhethile ngesimo senhlabathi, kodwa sizokhula kangcono uma sicetshiswe kancane ngezakhi zomzimba.
Ngesikhathi sokulungiselela ikhefu lokutshala, kukhethwa inhlabathi futhi ihlanganiswe nezinto eziphilayo - umquba, umquba noma umquba. Ngemuva kwalokho le ngxubevane ithunyelwa emuva egodini, yakha ibhola lengxube yenhlabathi engaba amasentimitha angama-20. Konke kugcwaliswa ngemuva kokutshala.
Ukulungiselela kokuqala kwengxube yenhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala amakhiwane
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala amakhiwane emigodini
Indawo yokutshala amakhiwane ikhethiwe ivaliwe kusuka kokubhaliwe. Ngaphambi kokutshala amakhiwane ezweni, kulungiswa umgodi ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ekusetshenzisweni kokuqala kwezakhi zomzimba.
Kubalulekile! Ochwepheshe bayeluleka lapho betshala izitshalo eziningana ukulungiselela umsele, hhayi imigodi yesithombo ngasinye ngokwahlukana.
Ukutshala isitshalo esisodwa, lungiselela ama-depressions ngobukhulu be-1.5 × 1 m, futhi ekujuleni kwe-0.6 - 0.8 m.
Kuthelwe phansi:
- superphosphate - 200 g;
- Umanyolo we-potash noma umlotha wezinkuni - 200 g.
Ingxube evundile evundile engama-20 cm ithululelwa ngaphezulu, ibumba indunduma phakathi. Ngemuva kwalokho beka isibambo ngendlela yokuthi izimpande zaso zitholakala ngokulinganayo esondweni bese uqala ukulala ngomhlabathi. Ingxube ezungeze isithombo ihlanganiswe kahle futhi iniselwa ngamanzi amaningi.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Ngemuva kokutshala, isitshalo esisha sidinga ukunakekelwa okuhleliwe. Okokuqala, ukuthambisa okuvame futhi kuningi kuyanikezwa.
Ungawanisa kanjani amakhiwane ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokutshala? Kuyadingeka ukuthulula kusuka kumalitha amahlanu kuya kwayi-8 amanzi kanye ngesonto ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Izinhlobo zethu ezindala ziniselwa kancane, kepha isilinganiso sesikhathi sinye sikhuphukela kumalitha ayi-10.
Kubalulekile! Akunakusho ukuthi umhlabathi uvunyelwe ukoma. Lokhu kuholela ekuwohlokeni ekunambithekeni kwezithelo.
Ngemuva kwenqubo ngayinye yokunisela, lapho inhlabathi ikoma kancane, kubalulekile ukukhulula umbhede. Ukunisela kuncishiswa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo. Isikhathi sokugcina esinisela kakhulu inhlabathi ngemuva kokuvunwa. Le nqubo ikuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule ukumelana kwesitshalo ebandayo ebusika.
Ungawafaka kanjani umquba wamakhiwane
Ngaphezu kokunisela njalo, amakhiwane afana nokudla okunezakhi zomzimba.
Kunezikhathi eziningana lapho umanyolo unconywayo:
- Umanyolo weNitrogen yilokho ongakudlisa amakhiwane entwasahlobo, eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala yesikhathi sokukhula kwesizini. Bangakhulisa ukukhula kwesisindo esiluhlaza.
- NgoJulayi, isikhathi sifika sama-phosphates, abhekene nokwakhiwa kwamaqanda ezithelo.
- Eminyakeni eyishumi yokugcina yesikhathi sokukhula, izinto ze-nitrogen azifakwanga, futhi zigxile kumanyolo we-potash, zisiza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkuni.
- Njalo, isikhathi esingu-1 izinyanga ezi-2, zalisa ephepheni ngesisombululo esiyinkimbinkimbi.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze ugweme ukushiswa kohlelo lwezimpande, ngaphambi kokondla amakhiwane, izihlahla ziniselwa kakhulu.
Nakekela amakhiwane ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuzala (iminyaka emibili yokuqala)
Ukunakekelwa kwasekuqaleni kwezihlahla zamakhiwane akufani nokukhula kwezithombo ezincane zezitshalo zezithelo.
Okuqukethe okuvelele:
- Ukunisela ngesikhathi nangendlela efanele.
- Kondla njalo.
- Khipha umqhele nesitshalo entwasahlobo.
- Zilungiselele ubusika, indawo yokufihla eqandeni.
Ekuqaleni, ukunqunywa kwabancane ngesikhathi. Musa ukulayisha ngokweqile isitshalo ngenkathi kusungulwa uhlelo lwezimpande. Kwanele ukushiya amagatsha amasha ama-4 aze afike kwengxenye yemitha ubude.
Ukunakekela isithombo esincane samakhiwane
Ukuthena okugcwele kwenziwa ngemuva kwenyanga ngemuva kokuba amaqabunga alahliwe. Ngesikhathi senqubo, qiniseka ukuthi azikho iziqu ezisele. Amagatsha asuswa ngaphansi kwesisekelo uqobo.
Ukwenziwa komqhele nokubuna
Iphuzu elibalulekile phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala inqubo yokwakhiwa komqhele. Kunezindlela ezimbili:
- Isitembu. Ilungele izihlahlana ezitshalwe ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile.
- Fan. Ilungele izitshalo ezikhula ezifundeni ezisenyakatho.
Ngokwakheka okujwayelekile eminyakeni yokuqala engama-2, umqhele wesihlahla awuthintwa. Amagatsha awonakalisiwe nawomile kuphela ayasuswa. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-2, wonke amagatsha abheke phezulu anqunywa. Kushiya kuphela amahlumela akhula phansi. Zifakwa ezinhlangothini futhi ziboshwe esiqwini.
Ukunaka! Lapho abalandeli balungisa imikhono emi-3 - 4. Okusho ukuthi, amahlumela aqine kakhulu futhi athuthuke kakhulu. Amagatsha asele ancishiswa abe ngu-10 - 15 cm.
Ukudalwa kuvame ukwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuze kube yilapho kuqala ukuphuma kwe-sap. Ihlobo alilungele ukuthungwa nhlobo. Ekwindla, ukunwebeka kwendle kuphela kungenziwa - susa amagatsha athintekile futhi omile.
Ungayigcina kanjani indawo ebusika
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinhlobo zamakhiwane ezikwazi ukubekezelela iqhwa zibunjiwe, akunakwenzeka ukungayinaki inqubo yokubekisa izihlahlana zobusika. Kuqaliswa ekwindla sekwephuzile, lapho kusungulwa indawo yokushisa ezinzile, engeqi + 2 ° C.
- Baqala ngeqiniso lokuthi wonke amahlumela asohlangothini olusenyakatho lwesitshalo aqoqwe ngesixhaxha, axhunywe phakathi kwawo futhi akhothamele phansi.
- Indawo yokukhosela ibhodi yakhiwe ngqo phezu komhlaba usebenzisa iplywood noma izingcezu zamapulangwe.
- I-Polyethylene ibekwa phezulu komgwaqo futhi imbozwe ngenhlabathi.
Idizayini enjalo yokukhosela izokuvumela ukuthi udlulise kahle zonke izinkinga zasebusika.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona ekukhuleni amakhiwane
Izinkinga ngamakhiwane ziqala lapho isitshalo singanakekelwa kahle. Njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo esitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, izihlahlana zingangenwa yisifo.
Ukunaka! Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kubalulekile ukwenza ukufafaza okuhleliwe ezinambuzaneni. Bheka isimo sakhe kanye nesibonakaliso esincane sezinambuzane, yenza izindlela ezifanele zokulwa nazo.
Kungani amakhiwane engatheli izithelo engadini
Ngaphezu kokubukeka kwezifo nezilokazane, kuvame ukuthi kube nenkinga njengokuntuleka kwezithelo.
Lokhu ngokuyinhloko kubangelwa ukukhetha okungalungile kwezinhlobonhlobo. Ngokutshala engadini, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinhlobo zezinhlobo zokuzenzela pollinating. Ukugcotshwa kwezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamakhiwane kungasingathwa ngemfucumfucu yezinsalela ezithile, ezihlala kuzo zonke izifunda.
Kungani amakhiwane ehla
Enye inkinga ababalimi ababhekana nayo lapho kukhula amakhiwane kungukuchitheka kwezithelo. Lokhu kwenzeka kungenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele kwesihlahla. Ukuntuleka kokuchelela okujwayelekile kuyonakalisa isimo sezithelo.
Isizathu sesibili kungaba ngumhlabathi ompofu isihlahla esikhula kuwo. Lungisa lesi simo ngokudla njalo.
Ukulandela izeluleko zabachwepheshe kuzonikeza umqhele we-chic kanye ne-fruiting eningi yamakhiwane
Yize amakhiwane ehlukaniswa njengezitshalo ezingenakudalwa ngokwemigomo yokubamba kanye nokukhula, ukunakekela izithombo ezincane kufanele kube okuyikho. Kuyadingeka ukulalela izincomo zochwepheshe, khona-ke isihlahla sizobonga hhayi kuphela imifino eminyene nenhle, kodwa futhi nesivuno esicebile sezithelo ezimnandi.
