I-Amaryllis - ukutshala nokunakekela ekhaya, izinhlobo zezithombe

I-Amaryllis (Amaryllis) - isitshalo semonocotyledonous saphakade somndeni wama-amaryllis enama-basal elongated masamba angama-60 cm ngosayizi, ahlelwe ngemigqa emibili. Ukuqhakaza kuma-inflorescence amakhulu amise isambulela ama-6-12 wezimbali ezahlukahlukene kusuka kokumhlophe kuye kokubomvu okujulile.

Izwe lase-amaryllis - amahlathi eRiphabhlikhi yaseNingizimu Afrika, nawo akhula e-Australia. Lesi sitshalo esinamandla kakhulu, esinezimbali ngaphambi kokukhula kwamaqabunga, ngesivinini esilinganayo sokuthuthuka. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, i-bulb yezimbali ingahlala iminyaka engaba ngu-20.

Futhi qiniseka ukubheka isitshalo se-wallot.

Izici zokukhula ekhaya. Kafushane

I-Amaryllis ekhaya iyimbali ebabazekayo, kepha izozizwa ikhululekile ngenkathi igcina le mithetho yokulungisa elandelayo:

I-Amaryllis: ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe

Ukutshala kwe-Amaryllis

Ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni yokufaka izimbali, isibani sikhishwa ezindaweni ezibolile, sibulala magciwane kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-manganese, futhi uma bekukhona ukusikeka, kufafazwa ngamalahle aqhekekile. Emhlabathini olungiselelwe u-anyanisi uyajula ukuze ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu noma ingxenye yawo ihlale ingaphezulu komhlabathi. Lesi silinganiso sizogwema ukufa kwama-bulbs nemicibisholo yezimbali. Ukunisela isitshalo esitshaliwe kuphela kungcono epanini.

Lapho utshala emhlabathini ovulekile, kukhethwa indawo lapho inhlabathi inothile khona ku-humus. I-Amaryllis, etshalwe eduze nehlobo, izothola amandla okuqhakaza izimbali futhi izokhulisa isibalo esikhulu sezingane ukwedlula umlingani waso odaliwe.

Izimbali

Imvamisa, isitshalo se-amaryllis ekhaya sididaniswa nembali ye-hippeastrum. Ukwehluka okuyinhloko kwe-amaryllis, ngokuya kwayo kungabonakala kalula:

• izimbali ezincanyana ziluhlaza futhi azinjalo;
• inani lezimbali kulelo nalelo pedendo ngalinye lisukela kwele-6 kuye kwele-12, kanti ama-hippeastrums awekho ngaphezu kwezi-6;
• anyanisi omncane ungamasentimitha ayi-6 ubukhulu, izinsana ziyavela phakathi kwesikali sazo;
• Isiqu sezimbali siminyene kodwa asisho lutho.

Njengomthetho, ukuqhakaza kwama-amaryllis kwenzeka ezinsukwini zokugcina zehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Lawa ama-inflorescence amahle amhlophe, kanye nazo zonke izithunzi zombala opinki nokubomvu, imvamisa ezimbili-imisindo. Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza sisendaweni engenamahlamvu cishe amasonto ayi-8. Amabhulethi amadala kuneminyaka engu-15 ubudala ngeke aqhakaze.

Imodi yokushisa

I-Amaryllis yasekhaya ayikubekezeleli ukweqisa okushisa okungazelelwe. Isimo sezulu esihle sembali ehlobo singama-degree angama-18- 22 ngomswakama olinganiselayo. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, izinga lokushisa lesitshalo lehliselwa kuma-8-10 degrees.

Ukufafaza

Ezimweni zamakamelo ezinomswakama ojwayelekile, isitshalo asidingi ukufafazwa njalo. Lesi sinyathelo sidingeka kuphela uma igumbi linomoya omile kunalokho inhlabathi yoma khona manjalo. Esigabeni sokuphumula, lapho imbali kufanele yomile, ungafafaza inhlabathi kancane zonke izinsuku ezingama-20 ukuvikela umhlaba ukuthi ungume ngokuphelele.

Isibani

Ukunakekela i-amaryllis ezimeni zasendlini ngezinga elikhulu kuqukethe ukuhlinzeka isitshalo ngokukhanyiselwa kwansuku zonke okungenani kwamahora ayi-16. Lezi zimbali zihlala zifinyelela elangeni, kepha njengoba isikhathi sazo sokukhula siwela ezikhathini ezibandayo kakhulu, kuvame ukungabi bikho kwelanga elingokwemvelo okuvimbela ukukhula kweziqu zezimbali.

I-Amaryllis izizwa ikhululekile emawindini aseningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga.

Ukunisela

Lapho nje imbali esigabeni sokuphumula ivela umcibisholo wezimbali olinganiselwa ku-5-10 cm - lokhu kusho ukuthi isikhathi sokuphela sesiphelile, nesitshalo singaniselwa kaningi nangaphezulu. Ukugwema ukweqisa, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukuthambisa okuthambile ngokusebenzisa iphallet.

Uma unisela ngendlela ejwayelekile - ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele uchithe amanzi ngokweqile, uma kungenjalo ukuzimela komswakama kuzoholela ekubambeni kwezimpande.

Imbiza

Iziqukathi zezimbali zalesi sitshalo kufanele zibe zikhulu, zizinze, zinde, ubude okungenani okungenani abangama-20. Ngokuvamile, ama-amaryllis akhula ngohlelo oluhle kakhulu lwezimpande, ngakho-ke izimbiza ezibanzi ezingashayi emhlolweni aziwavumeli amaqabunga bese isiqu sezimbali sikhule ngokuphelele.

Lapho itshalwe kumgqomo obanzi kakhudlwana, ububanzi bawo kufanele bunyuke ngo-2-3 cm kuphela. Ezimweni ezinjalo "eziqinile", ama-amaryllis aqhakaza kalula.

Inhlabathi

Inhlabathi ye-amaryllis kufanele ifake isibalo esikhulu sezakhi zomsoco. Inketho enhle kakhulu kungaba isigcawu sendawana elandelayo: i-turf, iqabunga, umhlabathi we-humus ngokuhlanganiswa kwesihlabathi ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Ngesendlalelo sokudonswa kwemanzi esivumelekile esingamasentimitha amathathu, senziwe ngamatshe amatshe, ukhukhamba lobumba olunwebekile noma lwezitini.

Ungasebenzisa futhi umhlaba jikelele wezimbali ze-bulb.

Umanyolo nomanyolo

Ukondla kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhula. Kunconywa ukushintshwa kukamanyolo wamaminerali ne-organic, osetshenziswa kaningi ngenyanga. Njengama-organics, kusetshenziswa izixazululo ze-mullein ne-bird droppings.

Umanyolo wamaminerali kufanele uqukethe i-phosphorus ne-potassium eningi. Inhlabathi enothile ku-nitrogen - kunalokho, ingalimaza isitshalo. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, ukondla ama-amaryllis akufuneki.

Ukufakelwa

Ukufakwa kwe-Amaryllis kwenziwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali nokubuna kwesiqu sezimbali. Njengomthetho, kuphela izingqimba zenhlabathi ezi-3 phezulu zithathelwa indawo kanye ngonyaka, zigcwalise umhlaba ngezakhi zomzimba. Ukufakwa kwezimbali okugcwele kwenziwa njalo ngeminyaka engama-3-4. Amaphuzu asemqoka wokufakelwa okufanele kwe-amaryllis:

1. Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwenqubo, lesi sitshalo siniselwa kakhulu.
2. Lapho kukhiqizwa imbali ebhodweni, uhlelo lwezimpande luhlolisiswa ngokucophelela, futhi izindawo ezibolile ziyasuswa.
3. Izingxenye noma ezinye izindawo ezinamaphutha ziphathwa ngesixazululo segciwane noma zifafazwe nge-carbon eyenziwe yasebenza.
4. Amahlumela endodakazi ahlukaniswe isibani. Uma zingasuswa, imbali izobeka wonke amandla ayo ekukhuleni kwezingane, kulokhu ngeke kube nokuqhakaza.
5. Embizeni ejulile enamanzi angamasentimitha amathathu, inhlabathi elungiselelwe ibekwe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zethala lezimbali.
6. Isendlalelo sesihlabathi esingu-2 cm sithululelwa ngaphansi kwe-anyanisi yesimbali bese sizungeza inani elisele lomhlaba lifafazwa ngendlela yokuthi kuphela iphansi lizimboza.

Izinyathelo ezinjalo zizosiza ekuqiniseni isibani esibolile, esonakele noma simane nje “sikhathele”. Isitshalo sizovuselelwa maduze futhi siqale ukuthuthuka okusebenzayo.

Izihlahla

Indoor amaryllis ayidingi ukusika amaqabunga omisiwe, ngoba lapho inqubo yokufa zonke izinto eziwusizo ezivela kuwo zidlulela ku-bulb, kudalwe indawo yokubeka izimbali ezilandelayo. Uma amaqabunga obunile engagxiliwe emi isikhathi eside futhi angafi ngokwemvelo, agobeka ngokucophelela noma anqunywe ezansi kwe-bulb.

I-Amaryllis ngemuva kwezimbali

Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali nokufiphala kwama-inflorescence, isikhathi sokudonswa kwempahla kuqala. Ukuzilungiselela kwayo okufanele kwalesi simo kuzokwandisa impilo imbali isikhathi eside. Okokuqala, i-peduncle isikwa ngokucophelela kusuka kwisisekelo se-bulb. Ukunisela kuncishiswa kancane kancane, ngoba isitshalo esingaqhakaza sidonsa umswakama omncane.

Lesi sitshalo sibekwa endaweni epholile, enomthunzi futhi izinyanga ezingama-2-3 asiphazamiseki ngokunisela (impela ukufafaza okungaphezulu kwenhlabathi), noma ngokugqoka okuphezulu. Lapho nje kuqhuma ihlumela elisha noma umcibisholo wezimbali, lokhu kuwuphawu lokuphela kwesigaba sokuphumula sembali. Isitshalo sibekwa egumbini elifudumele nelikhanyayo, lidluliselwe ebhodweni elikhudlwana elikhudlwana.

Ukukhula i-amaryllis kusuka ezinhlanyelweni

Le ndlela yokuzalanisa ibeka izici zayo kuma-amaryllis asekhulile:

- izimfanelo ezihlukahlukeneko zembali azigcinwa;

- i-bulb ayihlanganisi isikhathi eside;

- isitshalo sikhiqiza izimbali kuphela emva kweminyaka engama-5-6.

Kulolu hlobo lokusakazeka, imbewu esanda kukhethwa emabhokisini wezimbali ayasetshenziswa. Ukuhluma kwazo ngemuva kokuqoqwa kuthatha amasonto angama-5, ukomisa nawo akunconywa, ngaphandle kwalokho amaphesenti embewu ekhule ngempumelelo alahlekile.

Ukuhlwanyelwa enhlabathini enomswakama enezakhi, okuhlanganisa inhlabathi yesod ne-humus (ingxenye eyodwa) kuhlangene nengxube yenhlabathi eshidi nesihlabathi (izingxenye ezi-2 ngasinye). Imbewu ifafazwa kancanyana nje - ngesendlalelo esingadluli ku-5 mm. Izinga lokushisa elithandekayo - ama-23-25 ​​degrees. Ngemuva kwamaviki ayi-8, amahlumela okuqala angalindeleka.

Lapho kuvela amaqabunga amabili e-seedling, atshalwa ebhodweni eli-100 ml.

Ukusakazeka kwe-bulb ye-amaryllis

Indlela elula ukusakazwa kwembali ngam ndodakazi. Zihlukaniswe ngokucophelela kusuka kwisitshalo somama ngesikhathi sokufakelwa futhi zitshalwe enhlabathini yesakhiwo esifanayo nesitshalo esidala. Ama-amaryllis asemancane akhula ngentshiseko futhi eminyakeni emibili afinyelele ezingeni le-bulb yomama. Qhakaza ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu ngemuva kokutshala.

Kungani kungaqhakaza

I-Amaryllis isitshalo esingajwayelekile endaweni yezimbali zasendlini futhi imvamisa phakathi kwabathandi kukhona umuntu ohambisana nayo kakhulu - i-hippeastrum. Kepha noma kunjalo, uma unalesi sigaxaqabali sembali esenqabayo ukuqhakaza, kungahle kube nezizathu ezilandelayo:

• imbiza ebanzi kakhulu lapho imbali ikhula khona ngenkuthalo ezinganeni, futhi vele azikho izinsiza ezanele zokuqhakaza;
• ukuntuleka kwezakhi ezibalulekile;
• ukuntuleka kokukhanyisa ngesikhathi sokukhula;
• ukuntuleka kwesigaba sokuphumula;
• ukuba khona kwezifo zokukhunta noma izinambuzane.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Izifo ezivamile nezinkinga zokukhulisa isitshalo:

• I-Amaryllis ishiya ibuna futhi ibune ngenxa yenqubo yokubola;
• Ukwenza mnyama kwezimbali okubangelwa umswakama ophezulu egumbini lihlangana namazinga okushisa aphansi;
• Ukhula kancane futhi uwa ngamaqabunga ngenxa yokuhlulwa yi-amaryllis mealybug;
• Amabala amhlophe kumaqabunga neziqu - Isibonakaliso sokubonakala kwesimungulu esinjengombungu wensangu;
• Izungeza ama kwenzeka ngemuva kokutheleleka nge-daffodil fly noma i-anyanisi tick;
• Amabala ansundu kumaqabunga kubangela inkathazo - izihlangu zamanga;
• Amaqabunga aphuzi I-Amaryllis yenzeka ngomswakama omningi womhlabathi, kanye nokuvela kwama-aphid.

Ezinye izinambuzane zingama-thrips, ama-mealy bugs.

Izinhlobo ze-Amaryllis ekhaya ezinezithombe namagama

I-Amaryllis belladonna, igama lesibili amahle amisllis (Amaryllis belladonna).

Kuze kube muva nje, bekuchazwa njengokuphela kohlobo lwe-amaryllis. Le nhlobonhlobo ibonakala ngama-bulbs anobubanzi obungu-8-10 cm kanye nama-peduncle angenamahlamvu angama-60-70 cm.

Izinhlobo ezithandwayo ze-amaryllis:

"ITheku" - lihlukaniswa yizimbali ezakhiwe njengensimbi enesikhungo esimhlophe ezansi;

"I-Parker" - umbala wesitshalo owaziwa kakhulu - opinki ojulile onomongo ophuzi;

"Ukukholwa" - izimbali ezipinki ezikhanyayo ngombala we-pelescent;

"I-Snow Queen" - ama-inflorescence amhlophe ngombala wekhilimu emaphethelweni;

"Grandior" - imibala ehlukahlukene engajwayelekile ngokushintshwa kwe-gradient kusuka ku-pink omnyama kuye kumhlophe;

"INgonyama ebomvu" - izimbali ze-hue ecebile onsomi;

"I-Minerva" - izimbali ezibomvu ezinendawo emhlophe esesimweni senkanyezi.

Izinhlobo ezifakwe kuhlu ziyingxenye encane kuphela; kunezinhlobo okungenani ezingama-90 zalesi sitshalo.