I-pactly pear cactus - ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya, izinhlobo zezithombe

I-Opuntia (i-Opuntia) isitshalo esimnandi esivela emndenini wakwaCactus. Iziqu zekhebula ezicijile ze-cactus "zihlotshisiwe" ngemigqa eminingi nangamaqembu ama-bristles brows (glochidia). Izindawo ezishisayo nezisakazeke eMelika zithathwa njengendawo okuzalelwa kuyo lesi sitshalo. Indawo esemqoka yokusatshalaliswa nokuhlonishwa yiMexico. I-pearl eyenziwe ngobuqili iboniswa isifanekiselo sikazwelonke futhi ibizwa nge- "cactus yaseMexico." Emvelweni wemvelo uhlala ezifundeni ezomile zaseNdiya, emithambekeni yezintaba zaseCrimea.

I-cactus ka-Opuntia ihlala isikhathi eside, ikhula kancane nangokungasho lutho: amahlumela avela ezindaweni ezingalindelekile. Emvelweni, ukhula aze afike ku-4 m ukuphakama nama-2 m ububanzi. Ekhaya, kukhula izinhlobo zezinhlobo eziphansi (15 - 70 cm) ezinezigaba ezakhiwe njengama-disc, yize zingaqhakaza ngokuzithandela okukhulu. Ukubona izimbali ezinhle kakhulu zepareti ebukekayo, udinga ukumenzela izimo ezinhle.

Ngendlela, ngokuqinisekile uzokuba nentshisekelo ku-cacti enjenge-hymnocalycium kanye neSchlumbergera.

Izici eziwusizo ze-cactus

Ngokuphawulekayo kunciphisa izinga lemisebe egumbini. Inciphisa imisebe eyingozi kagesi, ngakho-ke i-cactus imvamisa ibekwa eduze kwemishini yasendlini namakhompyutha. Emazweni ehlukene, kudliwa izithelo. Kusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, kanye nasekwenzeni i-glue, udayi, okokuhlanza izitho. Amafutha e-Opuntia asetshenziswa ku-cosmetology.

Izici zokukhula ekhaya. Kafushane

Ukuze i-pear prickly iqhume futhi ikhule ngokugcwele ekhaya, umuntu kufanele azi okuthandwa yisitshalo futhi alwele ukudala isimo esihle saso:

Nakekela i-prickly pear ekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe

Ukunakekela i-pear prickly ekhaya akunzima ikakhulukazi. Umgcini ozinakekelayo uzokwakha indawo enhle yesitshalo, futhi uzobonga ukubukeka kwe-peppy nezimbali ezihehayo.

Izimbali

Izimbali ithanga eliphikisayo - isenzeko esingajwayelekile. Isikhathi sokuqala blooms ebudaleni - eneminyaka eyi-10 nangaphezulu. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba, kuvela izimbali ezi-bisexual eyodwa eziqongweni zamaparele amahle. Ngaphandle, afanana nama-roses amakhulu futhi avelele ngemibala ekhanyayo - yegolide, ebomvu noma ye-orange. Kwesinye isikhathi izimbali eziyindilinga ezilula ziyavela emahlumela aseceleni.

Uma iqhakaza, ayikwazi ukuphazanyiswa kusukela esikhathini esivele silindelwe - hhayi ngokufakelwa, noma ngokuhambisa kwenye indawo. Isitsha esinembali kufanele sibe sesimweni esifanayo. Uma uyiguqula, izimbali zingawa. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kwakheka i-berry eyakheke kahle njengombala, ibomvu njengoba ivuthwa. Imbozwe ngameva amancane, ngaphakathi iqukethe imbewu.

Imodi yokushisa

Umbuso wokushisa ubaluleke kakhulu ukulondolozwa ebusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-cactus igcinwa emazingeni okushisa ka-5 - 15 ° C futhi ayivumeli ukwanda, uma kungenjalo izolula. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo sizwa sihle ku + 23 - 33 ° C, futhi kuvame ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa eliphakeme. Uma i-cactus ingaqhakaza ehlobo, ingagcinwa kuvulandi.

Ukufafaza

Isimbali esine-pey prickly ekhaya sibekezelela umoya omile kahle. Ukufafaza akwenziwanga. Inqubo ingalimaza isitshalo, yenze isiqu sibole.

Isibani

UCactus uthanda ukukhanya okukhanya okukhanyayo. Okwakhe, bakhetha indawo ewindini elibheke eningizimu noma eningizimu-mpumalanga. Ungavumeli ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kwehlele ikhesi. Ukuze i-pear prickly ikhule ngokugcwele, idinga ukukhanyiswa okuhle unyaka wonke.

Ukunisela

Amapharele anobuhlakani ezimweni zasendlini, njengasendalweni, amelana nesomiso. Ebusika, i-peick prickly ye-prickly kuphela iyaniselwa (kuyaqabukela). Ukunisela kuqalisa kabusha entwasahlobo lapho kukhula izimbali. Ehlobo, kuyadingeka ukunisela lapho ungqimba ophezulu womahluko ongaphansi komhlaba.

Ukweqa ngokweqile kuholela ekuboshweni kwesiqu nezimpande. Kugcwele ngamanzi afudumele, axazululiwe. Kwesinye isikhathi ihlanganiswa nejusi kalamula noma i-citric acid (amaconsi ama-3-5 noma amakristalu ayi-2 ilitha lamanzi). Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukuthambisa okuphansi - ngokusebenzisa isobho lapho kuthululelwa khona amanzi axazululiwe.

Imbiza

Isistimu yezimpande ye-cacti ayithuthukiswanga kahle, ngakho-ke imbiza kufanele ibe ingajulile, ibanzi ngokwanele futhi izinzile. I-Cactus ayikubekezeleli ukungagxili kwamanzi. Lapho ukhetha isitsha, umuntu kufanele anikeze okukodwa kokukodwa lapho kuzoba khona isikhala esanele soqwembe lwedamu kanye nezimbobo zokudonsa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu.

Inhlabathi

Isitshalo sithanda inhlabathi ekhanyayo yokusabela ngokuphendula kancane kwe-acid. Kumele kube nomoya namanzi kuvunyelwe. Isazi sezimbali esinolwazi sizokhetha ukulungisa inhlabathi ngamapheya anamahlwili ngezandla zakhe kusuka ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo zomhlabathi wephepha, isihlabathi, ubumba, umhlaba wefit. Kukholelwa ukuthi ama-humus aqukethe initrogen eningi akufanele afakwe engxubevange. Ukweqiwa phezulu kwalesi sakhi kuzoholela ekunwetshisweni kwe-silhouette ye-cactus kanye nokubambezeleka kwezimbali.

Esitolo ungathenga inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ekhethekile ye-cacti.

Umanyolo nomanyolo

Ukufaka umquba nokufaka umanyolo kubalulekile ukuze lesi sitshalo silondoloze ukwakheka nokuthuthuka okuvumelanayo. Izidingo zabo kuyaqabukela. Ukusuka ngoMashi kuye maphakathi no-Septhemba, kanye emva kwezinsuku ezingama-30, yenza umanyolo womkhiqizo owenzelwe i-cacti.

Ibhodlela liqukethe umanyolo kwifomu elihlanganisiwe, ngakho-ke kufanele lihlanjululwe ngesigamu. Isixazululo sisetshenziswa ngemuva kokunisela. (ngesimo sezulu esinamafu noma kusihlwa). Akunconyelwe ukufaka umquba ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali.

Ukufakelwa kwe-Opuntia

Ukufakelwa kwenziwa entwasahlobo, uma ngabe ngalesi sikhathi kungekho-efihlekile sekwenziwe. Ama-cacti amasha atshalwa njalo ngonyaka, avuthiwe ngemuva kweminyaka emi-3, 5 noma ngaphansi, uma usayizi webhodwe usafana nosayizi wezimbali.

Ukudluliswa kwethanga elinobuthi kwenziwa ngendlela yokudlulisela phambili ngokulondolozwa komoya osezingeni lomhlaba. Lesi sitshalo sithokomele kakhulu, sijwayele isimo esisodwa, sibuhlungu sinezimpande kwezinye. Lapho ilayishwa kabusha, i-cactus iba ngaphansi kwengcindezi encane. I-Cactus idluliselwa isuka kwisitho esomile eyomile iye, faka umthunzi; okokuqala ngemuva kokufakelwa okuniselwa ngesonto elizayo, kudliwe emva kwamasonto amabili.

Ungatshala kanjani?

Akufuneki ukuthi kutholakale amaparele pruning njalo. Kwenziwa ngamacala amabili kuphela: lapho ikhekhe lidinga usizo oluphuthumayo noma lapho ligcwele kakhulu. Esimweni sokuqala, inqubo yenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kanti kwesesibili, ungalinda kuze kube sentwasahlobo noma ihlobo. Izimpawu zangaphandle zizosikisela ukuthi i-pear prunly prickly ngeke yenze ngaphandle kokuthena:

• amabala amnyama amnyama avele esiqwini;
• welula, waba nesisindo futhi kungenzeka awele ethangini;
• imbali imbala futhi ibhange;
• i-cactus yaphenduka iphuzi futhi yayeka ukukhula lapho kuphela isikhathi sokukhula.

Isitshalo esincane sikhishwa emhlabathini, esikhulu sisikwa ngqo ebhodweni. Ngommese obukhali ohlanzekile, usike isiqeshana osifunayo. Uma umonakalo omningi ubonakala ezicutshini ezisikiwe, imbali ayikwazi ukulondolozwa. Uma kungekho monakalo, isibambo kufanele silulwe njengepensela, ngaphandle kokuthinta indandatho ye-cambial enkabeni.

Izilayi zifafazwe ngamalahle achotshoziwe. I-shank ihlanzwe endaweni enomthunzi, eyomile amasonto amabili kuya kwayi-3.

Ngemuva kokumiswa, ibekwa emhlabathini, ngaphandle kokujula, ukugwema ukubola kwezicubu.

Ukuze kube nokuqina okukhulu, amatshe abekwa ngaphansi imbali. Babeka endaweni ekhanyayo. Kuyenzeka ukuthi ngemuva kokuyinqamula ibuye igule: ukubola ngisho nokubumba kuvele. Kulokhu, ukusikwa kabusha kwenziwa, kuhlanza ngokucophelela ucezwana lomonakalo.

Isikhathi sokuphumula

Isikhathi esimanzi sesitshalo siba ebusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-cactus ye-prickly ye-prickly iyayeka ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo, iqala ukubeka izimbali bese yenza ukukhula kwehlobo. Ukuze ukuguquka kube nokuthula kwenzeke kahle, icactus ayivame ukuniselwa ekwindla. Ekupheleni kukaNovemba, behlisa izinga lokushisa egumbini.

Ungangena umoya omncane kaningi, bese ubeka imbali eduze kwewindi. Ebusika, ungondli.

Ungayenza kanjani ukuthi i-prickly pear iqhume?

Abathandi be-Cactus bahlala becabanga ukuthi bangayenza kanjani ukuthi ihlumela lepickick liqhakaze. Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo okufanele unyaka wonke kuzosiza ukufezekisa izimbali:

1. Ubusika uyaphumula. Imbali ayondliwe, ayimiswanga kabusha, ayinamanzi kakhulu. Faka isicelo esingemuva esingeziwe sokukhokhela ukushoda kokukhanya.
2. Entwasahlobo, kancane kancane ujwayele ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Maphakathi no-Mashi, ukuphakela futhi ukuthambisa kuqale kabusha; kwenyusa izinga lokushisa. Ukudluliselwa ngo-Ephreli - Meyi kuyaphumelela.
3. Ehlobo ungabona ukuqhakaza. Ngo-Agasti, bajwayela ukwehluka ebangeni lokushisa lobusuku nobusuku (le ndlela amalungiselelo okuqala kobusika aqala ngayo).
4. Ekwindla, yehlisa ukuthambisa. Uma i-pear prickly isise kuvulandi, bayiletha ekhaya. Yekani ukondla. Yehlisa izinga lokushisa.

Ukunakekela i-cactus ngokucophelela, akunakungatshazwa: kuzoqhakaza.

Ukuzala

Ukufakwa kabusha kwamapheya prickly ekhaya kwenziwa imbewu noma ngendlela imifino - by cutways.

Khula ithanga lamapheya embewu

Akukona ukusetshenziswa, ngoba kuyindlela ende futhi enzima. Imbewu ihlangana nezinhlamvu ze-lentil zimbozwe ngegobolondo eliminyene. Uma zingaqhutshwa ngefayela noma nge-sandpaper, ngeke zikwazi ukuvula. Imbewu ephathisiwe igcinwa kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate futhi isatshalaliswa ebusweni be-substrate, ishiye phakathi kwabo 3, 5 cm. Fafaza ngamanzi amile, amboze ngefilimu bese ugcine ku + 18 ° C. Ifilimu iyasuswa ukuze inwebise isitshalo futhi sinisele. Lapho kuvela amahlumela, bayalihlanza. Izithombo zingena ezimbizeni ngazinye. Khula iminyaka emibili, bese itshalwa njengezitshalo zabantu abadala.

Ukusakazeka kokusikwa kwe-peick prickly

Zivame ukusetshenziswa. Isiqephu sihlukaniswe ne-cactus yabantu abadala, isayithi elisikiwe liphathwa nge-fung fung. Yoma izinsuku ezintathu. Ama-cuttings alungiselelwe abekwe enhlabathini ye-cacti noma isihlabathi, ajula kancane. Iba ku + 20 ° C, ngokunisela ngezikhathi ezithile. Lapho kuvela ama-buds amasha esiphathweni, atshalwa abe yisitsha esingapheli.

Indlela ye-vegetative iyindlela elula kakhulu futhi engabizi kakhulu yokwenziwa kabusha kwamapere prickly. Lapho usisebenzisa, izinhlobo zezitshalo zesitshalo ziyagcinwa.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

I-Prickly pearl iyisitshalo esiqinile ngofuzo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ngokunakekelwa okungafanele sithinteka ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni, bese ikhambi liguquka ngaphandle:

• amabala ansundu kumaqabunga - ukubola kwesiqu ngenxa yokunisela ngokweqile (ingxenye ethintekile isikwa izicubu ezinempilo futhi iphathwe nge-fungicide);
• amacembe abolile - ukukhanya okuncane noma umswakama okweqile (hlela kabusha endaweni elula, lungisa ukuthambisa);
• ithanga eliphikisayo engakhuli - umswakama okweqile ebusika; ukuntuleka kwezakhi (lungisa ukuchelela, feed).

Kwezinambuzane, ama-aphid, izinambuzane ezikala, ama-nematode, kanye nama-mealybugs zivame ukuhlasela. Ama-zinambuzane asetshenziswa ngokumelene nawo.

Izinhlobo zamapheya angenamikhono angaphili ngezithombe namagama

Kunezinhlobo zezilwane ezingaba ngu-200, ezinye zazo ezidumile engadini yasekhaya.

Opuntia ficus indica / Opuntia ficus - indica

Izingxenye zidwetshwe ngombala we-olive, ubude bazo bufika kuma-cm angama-45. Izinhlobo eziningi zikakhilimu zitholakala kuma-areoles amancane. Izimbali ze-amber hue ekhanyayo. Isiqu esisekelweni sinezinyoni. Izithelo ziyadliwa.

U-Opuntia unezinwele ezimhlophe / i-Opuntia leucotricha

Izingcezwana zesiqu zinwebekile noma zenziwe ngama-disc, ubude bazo buyi-15 - 25 cm. Isiqu saso sifakwe izimbali ezimhlophe eziguqukayo. Izimbali zinombala wegolide.

I-peyiki eyenziwe ngobuqili (i-Opuntia microdasys)

I-cactus ecwebezelwe kahle ekhula kahle ifinyelela kumamitha angama-0.6 ubude. Izingxenyana ze-velvety zide zifike ku-15 cm. I-glchidia yegolide elukhuni itholakala ngokuqinile ku-areoles. Izithelo zibomvu ezinkulu.

I-Opuntia bergeriana / Opuntia bergeriana

Ikhula ibe yimitha eyi-1. Inezingxenye eziningi ezingalingani, ubude obu-0, 2 m. Imikhambo emide ephuzi itholakala eduze kwamahlamvu wezimbali. Amapharele wobuhlalu onama-inflorescence wombala ovuthayo kanye nepestle eluhlaza.

I-Opuntia gosselin / Opuntia gosseliniana

I-Blossom iqala esemncane. Izingxenye zezinhlobonhlobo ezincane zidwetshwe ngombala obomvu. Izigaba zombala ohlaza okotshani ovuthiwe ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nge-sheen silvery. Izithambo ezinde ezithambile zithambisa kuphela ingxenye engenhla yezingxenye.

I-peyiki enobuhlakani isitshalo esimangalisayo. Njengoba ubiyelwe ungaphandle komhlaba wangaphandle ngameva abukhali, ibheka isikhathi eside kubanikazi nakwindawo ezungezile. Kuphendula kuphela ukunakekelwa okumnene lapho i-prickly pear ivula i-inflorescence yayo ekhanyayo.