Indlela yokulungisa inhlabathi elula ngezandla zakho ukuze uthole isivuno esihle sotamatisi? Ukwakhiwa kwenhlabathi okudingekayo

Utamatisi noma utamatisi - esinye sezitshalo ezivame kakhulu ezikhulile ngeziza.

Utamatisi afuna kakhulu umhlaba okhulile kuwo, ngakho kufanele kubhekiswe ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ekulungiseleleni inhlabathi yokutshala utamatisi.

Kuphela ngokulungisa kahle umhlaba wokutshala isitshalo ungalindela ukukhula okuhle kwezitshalo nokuvuna okucebile.

Inani lenhlabathi utamatisi

Siyabonga ngalokhu ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba isitshalo kanye nezakhi ezidingekayo ekukhuleni okukhulayo kanye nokwakhiwa kwezithelo.

Njengoba kunikezwe lesi sici, kungenzeka ukucacisa izici zenhlabathi ezidingekayo kwisitshalo esinikeziwe:

• umswakama amandla kanye nokuphelelwa kwamanzi, njengoba izimpande azibekezelelisi umswakama ngokweqile;
• ukuthambekela nokuphefumula, kubalulekile ukudala izinga elihle lomswakama lomhlabathi, kanye nokugqugquzela ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande;
• inhlabathi kumele ibe nesondlo;
• ukushisa umthamo kanye nokuphelela nakho kubaluleke kakhulu.

Uma inhlabathi yamatamatisi ingalungiselelwa kahle, izitshalo zizoveza isivuno esincane.. Ngesikhathi utamatisi okhulayo ngokubonakala kwawo, unganquma ukuthi unamaminerali anele nokuthi ngabe ikhwalithi yawo yomhlabathi ifanelwe yini.

• Ngokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini, amahlumela abe mncane, abuthakathaka, amaqabunga abe amancane futhi abe ngumbala ohlaza obala.
• Ngokuntuleka kwamaqabunga e-phosphorus abe umbala obomvu obomvu, uyeka ukukhula okusebenzayo kwezitshalo.
• Ukuntuleka kwe-potassium kungabonakala ngokuthola umngcele we-bronze emagqabeni.
• Uma inhlabathi ingama-acidiki futhi izitshalo zishaya i-calcium, izitshalo azikhuli, iziqongo zishintsha futhi zibole, futhi izithelo ezimbalwa zakhiwa.

Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwenhlabathi eyenziwe ngokwenziwa

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi utamatisi uyawubheke phansi, inhlabathi yabo ingalungiswa ngezandla zabo, ngokuhlaziya umhlabathi okwamanje esakhiweni bese ukhetha okudingekayo ukuze kulungiswe ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi.

Izinzuzo kulokhu ziyabonakala:

• Ukulondoloza izindleko. Ukwehlukaniswa okwehlukile kwamaminerali, ama-fertilizer nezinye izinto kuzodla imali engaphansi kwenhlabathi ethengwe ukugcwalisa isitifiketi indawo.
• Indlela yomuntu ngamunye. Ukuze ulungise inhlabathi kusayithi lakho, uzosebenzisa ngokuqondile lokho okudingekayo endaweni, okuzokwenza kube nomphumela omuhle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nenhlabathi yonke.

Ukuze ulungiselele umhlabathi utamatisi uqobo, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya inhlabathi etholakalayo nezimo ezikhulayo. Kuncike kakhulu ekukhethweni kwesayithi lokutshala izitshalo ezizayo.

1. Indawo yokutshala kufanele ishintshwe minyaka yonke, ibuyisele utamatisi endaweni efanayo kungakapheli eminyakeni emithathu kamuva.
2. Umhlabathi omuhle utamatisi ngu:
   • uqukethe okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamanyolo ephilayo;
   • chernozem nge admixtures encane yesihlabathi.
3. Akufanelekile utamatisi:
   • i-peatlands;
   • inhlabathi yobumba;
   • i-loam embi kakhulu.
4. Izandulela ezimbi zamatamatisi yizitshalo ezivela emndenini we-nightshade. Kungcono ukutshala imifino efana nalokhu:
   • izaqathe;
   • anyanisi;
   • iklabishi;
   • i-legumes;
   • imifino yomndeni yamathanga.

   Utamatisi akufanele itshalwe eduze kwamazambane, ngoba zombili amasiko athambekela e-Colorado amazambane beetle kanye ne-phytophthora.

   Ngokuthakazelisayo, utamatisi kahle ngokuhlangene nama-strawberries. Indawo enjalo yenza ngcono izinga lokuvunwa kwezitshalo zombili.

5. Isayithi kufanele ivule kahle.
6. Inhlabathi kufanele ihlanzwe emanzini aqinile, imbewu enokhula, kanye nezinsimu ezinomhlabathi.
7. Into ebalulekile i-acidity yenhlabathi. Isilinganiso se-acidity ngamaphuzu angu-5.5. Ukuze utamatisi, ukuphambuka kusuka isilinganiso kuya 6.7 amaphuzu kubhekwa eyamukelekayo.

   Ubuningi be-acid bungabuye buhlolwe ngokuhlaziya ukhula olukhula endaweni. I-plantain, i-horsetail ne-sorrel yamahhashi - isibonakaliso sokuthi inhlabathi iyasebenza kakhulu.

Mayelana nalokho okumele kube khona inhlabathi yamatamatisi nokuthi kufanele ube ne-acidity, funda lapha.

Ukwakhiwa komhlaba ukutshala

Kuncike ekubunjweni kokuqala kwenhlabathi, izithasiselo ezifanele zenezelwa ukuthuthukisa izinga lomhlabathi.

1. Umhlabathi onesihlabathi:
   • Udaba oluphilayo (umquba noma i-humus) ngesamba esingu-4-6 kg ngehora elilodwa lesikwele;
   • I-lowland peat 4-5 kg ​​ngehora elilodwa le square;
   • sod inhlabathi 1 kuya ku-1.
2. I-loam yesilinganiso:
   • I-lowland peat 2-3 kg ngehora elilodwa lesikwele;
   • i-lime (uma kunesidingo, kusukela e-lowland peat ishintsha i-acidity yenhlabathi).
3. Umkhwa:
   • i-high-moor peat ka-2-3 kg nge-1 sq. m ihlanganiswa ne-lime hydrated;
   • isihlabathi esinamafutha 80-100 kg ngehora elilodwa lesikwele;
   • umquba 1 kuya ku-1;
   • sandrop sandel 1 kuya ku-2.
4. Zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi. I-sapropel ye-Sand 1 kuya ku-2.

Ukulungiselela okuyinhloko: ukuchithwa kwe-disinfection

Cabangela indlela yokulungisa inhlabathi yokutshala utamatisi.

Izindlela zenhlabathi yokucwiliswa kwemithi:

1. Ukuqhwayiza. Inhlabathi ifakwa esikhwameni sesendwangu futhi ithathwe emakhazeni ngesonto. Yabe isethelwe ukushisa isonto ukuvuselela izinambuzane kanye nokhula. Bese kuphinda kukhishwe emakhazeni ukuze ubhubhise.
2. Ukwelashwa okushisayo.
   • Ukubala. Thela amanzi abilayo emhlabathini, hlanganisa, ufake i-baking sheet kanye nokushisa kuma-degree angu-90. Ukushisa ingxenye yehora.
   • Ukuqhuma. Amanzi esitsheni esikhulu asiswa emathunjini, i-grate ifakwe phezulu phezulu nombozwe ngendwangu. Ukucwiliswa kuyadingeka amahora angu-1.5.

   Ukwelashwa okushisayo kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, njengoba kungenzeka ukuphucula ikhwalithi yenhlabathi, kudlula izinga lokushisa elidingekayo noma isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokwelashwa okunjalo, inhlabathi ingakulungeli ukutshala izitshalo, kuyadingeka ukuba uyihlanganise nge microflora ewusizo.

3. Ukwelashwa kwe-fungicide. Ama-fungicide amasiko angama-bacterium anqanda ukutheleleka kwezifo futhi aqinise ukukhulelwa kwesitshalo. Kubalulekile ukwelashwa ngokuqondile ngokwemiyalelo yesidakamizwa esikhethiwe. Namuhla kuneziningana zazo emakethe.
4. Ukusebenzisa ama-insecticide. Leli qembu lezidakamizwa lenzelwe ukubulala izinambuzane. Kubalulekile ukucubungula le mithi kungakapheli inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo.
5. Ukukhipha ukushisa nge-potassium permanganate. Indlela ephumelelayo yokukhipha amagciwane emhlabathini, kodwa ukwandisa ama-asidi ayo. I-dilution: 3-5 g ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi; Ukuchelela: 30-50 ml nge-1 sq.m.

Mayelana nendlela yokwenza izithombo zika utamatisi, sabhala esihlokweni esihlukile.

Ukusebenzisa indawo engadini elula: ukulungiselela nokucubungula kanjani?

Ngemva kokuba indawo yamatamatisi ikhethiwe, kubalulekile ukulungisa isayithi lokutshala. Izwe linconywa ukuthi lilashwe kabili ngonyaka:

• Ekwindla bamba umhlaba ukuze babhubhise ukhula. Inhlabathi empofu kufanele ifakwe ngamanyolo eziphilayo (humus ngesilinganiso se-5 kg ​​ngalinye 1 imitha yesigcawu). Ungaphinda ufake ama-fertilizer amaminerali (50 g we-superphosphate noma u-25 g wewasawoti we-potassium nge-1 sq. M.).
• Ngentwasahlobo isakhiwo siyaphathwa ukuze silungiselele umhlaba wokutshala. Ukudonsa kwezinyoni ngezinga lika-1 kg ngehora elilodwa lesikwele, umuthi wokhuni ngokwesilinganiso esifanayo, kanye ne-ammonium sulfate asetshenziswa njengama-fertilizer (25 g asetshenziselwa imitha eyodwa yesikwele ngasinye).

  Izitshalo kumele zisetshenziswe okungenani amasonto amane ngaphambi kokutshala ukuze amaminerali asatshalaliswe ngendlela efanele emhlabathini.

• Ukwanda kwe-acidity yenhlabathi kulungiswa ngokungeza i-lime ngesamba se-500-800 g ngomitha wesikwele.

Abalimi abanolwazi ungasincoma ukusebenzisa umquba omusha utamatisi, njengalokhu kulesi sitshalo izitshalo ziyokwandisa umthamo ohlaza okwemvelo ukulimaza ukwakhiwa kwama-ovari.

Imibhede yamatamatisi iqala ukupheka ekupheleni kukaMeyi:

1. Amathangi amancane akhiwa ngendlela eya enyakatho kuya eningizimu. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa liyi-70 cm, phakathi kwemibhede kusuka kumitha eli-1.
2. Ngombhede ngamunye kuyadingeka ukwenza izinhlangothi zibe ngu-5 cm ubude. Uhlelo olunjalo luvimbela ukusakazwa kwamanzi ngesikhathi sokunisela.
3. Manje ungatshala izithombo zotamatisi emhlabathini ovulekile.

Utamatisi - imifino eyintandokazi yomuntu wonke etafuleni zasehlobo nasebusika. Nakuba efuna ukunakekelwa, uma usondela enkingeni yamatamatisi okhulayo ngolwazi ngale ndaba nangothando lomhlaba, ukuvuna kuzokujabulisa!