I-Ficus engcwele (i-Ficusenkoloiosa) inamagama amaningi amanye: Isihlahla seBodhi, i-ficus yenkolo kanye nomkhiwane ongcwele. Isitshalo se-ficus esihlala siluhlaza kungokwaluphi uhlobo lwegama elifanayo futhi siyingxenye yomndeni wakwaMulberry (Moraceae). Indawo yokuzalwa kwe-ficus engcwele ibhekwa njengeNdiya.
Ngaphezu kweNdiya, i-ficus ikhula eNepal, eSri Lanka, eThailand, eBurma, ezifundeni eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina neziqhingi zeziqhingi zaseMalay. Ekuqaleni, i-ficus yayikhula kuphela emathafeni, ehlathini elihlanganisiwe nelilokhu lihlala njalo, kodwa kancane kancane yaqala "ukwenza indlela yayo" iphakeme futhi iye phezulu ezintabeni. Manje lesi sitshalo sitholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayinkulungwane nengxenye ngaphezu kolwandle.
UFicus ngcwele waqanjwa ngenxa yokuthi ezikhathini zasendulo kwakuyizihlahla ezinkulu ezazitshalwa eduze kwethempeli likaBuddha, futhi izindela zabefundisi zazinakekela izitshalo.
Bheka futhi ukuthi ungakhula kanjani u-ficus enjoloba enjoloba ne-ficus benjamin ngaphakathi ezindlini.
Umuthi uthathwa njengophawu olungcwele, umsizi ekukhanyisweni kukaBuddha uqobo - umsunguli wenhlangano yenkolo yobuBuddha.
Ngokwenganekwane yasendulo, ehleli nje ngaphansi komqhele wesihlahla seFikki ePrince Siddhartha Gautama, kwehla ukuqonda, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho waqala wazibiza ngeBuddha futhi waqala ukushumayela ubuBuddha.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-ficus yenkolo kanye nawo wonke umndeni umkhulu. Ezinye izinqenqema zifinyelela ku-30 m ukuphakama, zikhula esimeni sezulu esijwayelekile sasekhaya. Esimweni sezulu saseRussia lokushisa kwegumbi, i-ficus ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-3 ukuphakama.
Ngenxa yokukhula kwayo okuphezulu, i-ficus itshalwa kakhulu emakamelweni amakhulu. Kusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa amahholo ekhonsathi, izithombo zokugcina izithombo noma ama-Conservatories. Ububanzi bomqhele bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-10, okubuye kungavumeli ukukhulisa isitshalo efulethini elincane.
Inani lezimpande zezindiza ezihlahleni ezincane lincane. Ngenxa yokuthi i-ficus ivame ukuqala impilo yayo njenge-epiphyte, ikhula emagatsheni neziqu zezihlahla ezivuthiwe, kancane kancane izimpande zayo ziqina futhi ziqine, bese ekugcineni ziphenduka izihlahla ze-banyan.
Enye inketho yomsuka we-ficus yi-lithophyte. UFicus uthola indawo emaphethelweni ezakhiwo. Ezinye izithombe zibonisa ukuthi lesi sitshalo, ngokungathi kunjalo, sikhula singene ethempelini. Ngemuva kwesilinganiso esithile sesikhathi, lesi sihlahla siqine sibopha lesi sakhiwo ngezimpande zaso bese siba ngesakho. Kulokhu, amahlumela ekuqaleni avele ehle asondele emhlabathini. Futhi-ke zingena zingene zingene shí emhlabathini.
Izinga lokukhula kwe-ficus liphakeme impela.
Ngemuva konyaka noma emibili, sezivele zimelela ihlathi elincane: inani elikhulu leziqu ezacile ezinomqhele owodwa omkhulu kubo bonke. Amagxolo ezihlahla ezincane anombala onsundu okhanyayo ngombala obomvu. Lo mbala ufana namagatsha e-fecemose. Njengoba isihlahla sikhula, amagxolo aguqula umbala. Amagatsha nesiqu sesitshalo esidala kungwevu.
Ama-ficus amahlumela anesakhiwo esibushelelezi nesimo sokuqala. Ingaphezulu lamaqabunga lincane, licishe libonakale. Ubude beqabunga ngalinye, ngokwesilinganiso, ngamasentimitha ayi-8 ukuya ku-12. Ngokubaluleke kakhulu abameleli abakhulu banamaqabunga afinyelela ku-20 cm. Ububanzi bamaqabunga buyehluka kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-13 cm.
Amaqabunga e-ficus asencane ane-hue ebomvu, ekugcineni eshintsha ibe luhlaza okhanyayo. Uma umuthi ukhula elangeni eliqondile, amaqabunga esitshalo esidala athola umbala omnyama ohlaza okotshani obumnyama. Phezu kweshidi ngalinye ungabona imicu emhlophe ngeso elinqunu. Amasampula angama-oval. Ubude bawo bungama-5 cm. Awa lapho ishidi livulwa ngokuphelele.
Amapuleti amaqabunga atholakala emagatsheni ngokulandelana okulandelayo. I-Petiole imvamisa inobude obufana neqabunga. Kwesinye isikhathi sikhula isikhathi eside. Uma i-ficus ikhula endaweni lapho umoya ungenawo umswakama owanele, khona-ke isihlahla sishintsha amahlamvu kabili ngonyaka.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, njengabo bonke abanye abamele umndeni, isihlahla seBodhi sakha i-syconia - ama-inflorescence amancane ansundu akhumbuza kakhulu i-hemisphere ekwakhekeni. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile be-inflorescence ngu-2 cm.
I-ficus Engcwele isitshalo sonyaka. Ekhaya, i-ficus ingaphila iminyaka eyi-15. Endaweni evulekile, umuthi ojwayelekile uhlala iminyaka engama-400-600.
| Isilinganiso sokukhula. | |
| Kakhulu eziqhakaza ehlobo, kodwa izinhlobo Caribaea blooms ebusika. | |
| Isitshalo kulula ukukhula ngaphakathi ezindlini. | |
| I-bulb ingaphila iminyaka eminingi ngokunakekelwa okufanele. |
Ukutshala nokunakekela i-ficus engcwele (ngamafuphi)
| Imodi yokushisa | Ehlobo kusuka ku-18 kuye ku-23 ° C, kuthi ebusika kungabi ngaphansi kuka + 15 ° C. |
| Umswakama womoya | Phezulu kakhulu. Isitshalo kumele sifafazwe njalo ngamanzi. |
| Isibani | Imini, kepha ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga ngqo esitshalweni. Ekhaya, i-ficus engcwele ibekwa kangcono egumbini elinamafasitela alo abheke empumalanga noma entshonalanga. |
| Ukunisela | Ehlobo, i-ficus idinga ukuthambisa ejwayelekile - izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto ngamanzi amile. Ebusika, ukuchelela kungancishiswa kube isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku eziyi-7-10. |
| Inhlabathi yefikis engcwele | I-chernozem evundile evulekile enamanzi amahle. |
| Umanyolo nomanyolo | Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nokuphela ekwindla sekwephuzile, i-ficus kufanele idliswe ngomanyolo ketshezi. Kungcono ukushintshanisa umsoco we-organic kanye ne-mineral. |
| Ukufakelwa i-ficus kungcwele | NgoFebhuwari-Mashi, kanye eminyakeni emi-2. |
| Ukuzala | Kukhishwe kalula ngembewu nezimpande zasemoyeni. |
| Izici Ezikhulayo | I-ficus engcwele itholakala kalula ekunqotshweni kwezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Kuhle ukugwema ukukhula komuthi eduze kwezitshalo ezinezifo. Umuthi omncane kufanele ugcinwe egumbini elifudumele elihle elinomswakama omningi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kunengozi enkulu yokuthi lesi sitshalo sizofa ngokushesha. |
Ukunakekela i-ficus engcwele ekhaya (ngokuningiliziwe)
I-ficus Engcwele isitshalo esingabekezeleli. Kulula ukukhula ekhaya. Noma kunjalo, imithetho ethile yokunakekelwa idinga ukufundwa ukuze umuthi uqine futhi uphilile.
Izimbali
Ukuqhakaza isihlahla kuyinqubo ethokozisayo. Ama-inflorescence aphumelelayo asesimweni sebhodwe elingenalutho. Into efana namafomu ama-brown moss ezindongeni zebhodwe. Igama lesayensi yi-siconium noma i-pseudo-izithelo. ISiconia ihlelwe ngababili kuma-sinuses amaqabunga.
Ama-inflorescences, kanye namaqabunga, anendawo ebushelelezi. I-ficus engcwele ivundiswa yi-wasp yohlobo oluthile - i-blastophagous. Ngemuva kokuvunda, kwakheka izithelo eziluhlaza okotshani, ezigcina ziba nsomi ne-maroon. Izithelo ze-Ficus azilungele ukusetshenziswa komuntu.
Isibani
Ekukhuleni ngokugcwele nasekuthuthukisweni kwe-ficus engcwele, ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo kodwa okungahambi kahle kuyadingeka. Kufanele futhi ugweme ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo. Endaweni emnyama kancane, lesi sihlahla sizozizwa sikhululekile kakhulu. Izinga lokukhanyisa elidingekayo ngu-2600-3000 lux. Indawo efanelekayo yesitshalo - amakamelo asendaweni engasentshonalanga noma empumalanga yefulethi.
Uma i-ficus ingatholi ukukhanya okwanele, amahlamvu azoqala ukuwa.
Ukushisa
I-ficus engcwele isitshalo se-thermophilic. Ehlobo, kunconywa ukukhulisa isihlahla ekushiseni kwama-degree angama-18 kuye kwangama-25. Ebusika, udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi egumbini lapho kukhula khona i-ficus, izinga lokushisa aliweli ngaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-15. Ngalesi sikhathi, kungcono ukwandisa ukukhanya kwesitshalo.
UFicus akadingi isikhathi sokuphumula. Ngisho ebusika, ingakhula ngokuthula ikhulele egumbini elinomswakama owanele kanye namazinga okushisa afanele. Isihlahla se-Bodhi kufanele sigcinwe kude namabhethri kanye nezinga lokushisa, ukugwema okubhaliwe kanye nezinguquko ezihlala njalo zokuhlala.
Umswakama womoya
Izindawo zemvelo lapho lesi sitshalo sikhula khona zibonakaliswa umswakama ophezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-ficus isetshenziselwa ukukhula endaweni enomswakama. Ukufafaza njalo kwamaqabunga kuyadingeka. Ezihlahleni ezinkulu, le ndlela inzima kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho kunezindlela ezimbili zokuxazulula inkinga.
Okokuqala: ungasibeka lesi sitshalo eduze kwe-aquarium noma elinye ipuli lokuhlobisa. Okwesibili: sebenzisa umswakama.
Ukunisela
Ukuchelela okuhlelekile nangokuhlelekile kuyadingeka. Kungcono ukunisela isitshalo ngamanzi ahleliwe. Ehlobo, ukuthambisa kuyadingeka izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto. Ebusika, inani liyancishiswa libe yisikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10. Kulokhu, ukuqina komswakama akufanele kuvunyelwe.
Ngaphambi kokunisela ngakunye okwalandela, inhlabathi kufanele yome kahle. Amanzi aqinile avela kusiga kufanele akhishwe. Isitshalo sinezinkinga eziningi zokuswakama ngaphezu kokushoda. Ukunisela nokunakekela ngesikhathi kuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande, olwamukelwa ikakhulukazi kuhlelo namasiko e-bonsai.
Inhlabathi
Kungcono ukutshala i-ficus enhlabathini evundile evundile ngokwesikimu esilandelayo: ingxenye eyi-turf land, ingxenye eyi-inhlabathi enamaqabunga, ingxenye eyi-1/2 yesihlabathi, ungangeza namalahle amancane. Noma 1 ingxenye yomhlaba we-turf, ingxenye eyi-peat, ingxenye eyi-1 enesihlabathi esinamaqabunga, 1 ingxenye yesihlabathi (pH 6.0-6.5).
Ingxenye ebalulekile lapho utshala isitshalo ingamanzi. Ukudonsa okuhle: Ubumba olwandisiwe kusuka ngaphansi nesihlabathi kusuka phezulu.
Umanyolo
I-Ficus isitshalo esingenakuzithoba esingadingi noma yisiphi isichumisi noma umanyolo okhethekile. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kukhiqizwa njengokujwayelekile izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga. Ukuthola umphumela omuhle kakhulu, kungcono ukushintshanisa phakathi kokugqoka okumbalwa nokumbalwa.
Kufanele aqukethe inani elikhulu le-potassium ne-nitrogen.
Ukufakelwa
Isihlahla seBodhi yisitshalo esikhula ngokushesha. Ngonyaka, isihlahla esifinyelela kumamitha amabili ukuphakama sikhula kusuka kwisithombo esincane. Kulokhu, izihlahla ezincane zidinga ukumiswa njalo (kusuka koku-1 kuye kathathu ngonyaka).
Ama-ficuses atshalwa kwesinye isikhathi ngemuva kokuba izimpande zesitshalo ziyeke ukungena ebhodweni. Izihlahla ezivuthiwe azidingi ukufakelwa. Kwanele ngabo ukuthi bathathe indawo yaphezulu ingaphezulu.
Izihlahla
Amahlumela adinga ukuthenwa okujwayelekile. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze isihlahla sikhule futhi sakhe umqhele ococekile. Ukuthena kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokukhula okukhulu. Kamuva, kuzokwazi ukumane nje kunciphe izeluleko zamagatsha amasha.
Ukuze wakhe umqhele omuhle kakhulu, kufanele usethe amagatsha endaweni oyifunayo. Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa uthango lwentambo. Ama-Ficus amahlumela akhululeke kakhulu, ngakho-ke noma umuntu oqalayo uzokwazi ukubhekana nalo msebenzi.
Ukulinywa kwe-ficus engcwele kusuka kwimbewu
Indlela elula futhi engabizi kakhulu yokusakaza i-ficus. Inhlanyelo ihlwanyelwa eluhlwini lwe-peat-sand bese iniselwa kakhulu. Lapho-ke lesi sitshalo simbozwa ngopulasitiki.
Amahlumela okuqala ayabonakala ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7. Ngemuva kwalokho ifilimu kufanele isuswe ukuze ihambise lesi sitshalo esimweni sokuhlala egumbini. Ukufakwa kwesitshalo kufanele kwenziwe lapho kuvela amaqabunga okuqala. Uma uthatha imbiza enobubanzi obukhulu (amasentimitha ayi-10-15), ungatshala ama-ficus amaningana kuyo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukulinywa kwe-ficus engcwele ngokusika
I-ficus Engcwele enama-cutic aplic izala ngobunzima obukhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha izithombo ezisikiwe ubude obungu-15-18 cm. Okungenani amahlandla amathathu amaqabunga anempilo kufanele abekhona kuwo. Ubude besiqu kufanele budlule ubude bamaqabunga amahlandla ama-2. Entwasahlobo, ama-cuttings atshalwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa ngengxube ye-peat ne-perlite emazingeni okushisa angama-25 ° C.
Esikhundleni salokhu kuhlanganiswa, kusetshenziswe umhlabathi onesihlabathi. Ekhaya, ukusikwa kumbozwe nge-polyethylene. Kungcono ukwelapha ukusika okusikiwe ngezimpande noma nge-heteroauxin. Beka ukuhluma kukhanya okukhona.
Ifilimu lingasuswa ngemuva kwamasonto amabili. Ngemuva kokuthi i-ficus imile izimpande, idluliselwa ebhodweni elincane.
Izifo nezinambuzane ze-ficus engcwele
Esikhathini esiningi, lesi sitshalo siyagula uma singanakekelwa kahle. Amahlumela amasha adinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Iziqu zazo zincane, futhi amaqabunga mancane. Nganoma yiluphi ushintsho lokushisa, amahlumela angafa, kanye nokuntuleka kokudla kanye nezinga elifanele lokukhanya.
Inkinga evamile yile amahlamvu we-ficus. Isitshalo sisabela kakhulu kunoma yiluphi ushintsho ekunakekelweni.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amaqabunga e-ficus angawela ngokwawo. Konke kuncike esihlahleni esithile.
I-ficus engcwele ingahlaselwa izinambuzane ezinjenge-mealybug, aphid, izinambuzane ezikalwa ngezikali kanye nezihlakala. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo kufanele siphathwe ngokushesha ngamakhemikhali. Icubungula kufanele yenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze ungazifaki ubuthi.
Manje kufundwa:
- I-Ficus iruby - ukunakekelwa nokukhiqizwa ekhaya, izinhlobo zezithombe
- Ficus bengali - okhulayo nokunakekela ekhaya, isithombe
- Isihlahla selamula - ukukhula, ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya, izinhlobo zezithombe
- Ficus Benjamin
- Umuthi wekhofi - okhula nokunakekela ekhaya, izinhlobo zezithombe
