Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobonhlobo zama-apula: ebusika, ehlobo, ekwindla, emuncu, enomnandi. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka enye yezinhlobo zasehlobo ezithandwa kakhulu - isihlahla sama-apula wesiliva, izici ezihlukahlukene, imithetho yokutshala nokunakekela isihlahla.
Umlando we-apple tree "I-Hoof yesiliva"
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-apple "Silver Hoof" zakhiwe ngo-1988 eSverdlovsk Experimental Station ngu-breeder Kotov Leonid Andrianovich. Izinhlobonhlobo zitholakala ngokuwela izihlahla ze-apula "I-Snowflake" ne "Rainbow". Ama-apula amnandi kakhulu ekukhuleni ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, kanye nezifunda zezulu elisezingeni eliphansi. 
Uyazi? Ama-apula ase-Silver Hoof abhekwa njengomboniso we "ama-apula omlingo" avela emlandweni wezinganekwane esiwaziyo. Babegqoke isiliva esiliva ukuze babikezele isiphetho, bona umgwaqo, imizi, amasimu, imifula, uthole izeluleko noma izimpendulo zemibuzo ejabulisayo.
Incazelo yezici ezihlukahlukene
Ama-apula alezi zinhlobonhlobo athandwa ngabaningi. Atshalwa hhayi kuphela ezindlini ezizimele, kodwa nasezikhungweni zezithelo. Ake sicabangele ukuthi kungani isihlahla sesiliva sesi-Silver Hoof futhi incazelo ehlukahlukene isithandwa kakhulu.
I-apula ye-Silverhoof inezinzuzo eziningi:
- isivuno esihle;
- ukumelana nokuwa kwezithelo;
- ama-apula okuvuthwa isikhathi esifushane;
- ukukhula okuncane komuthi;
- umqhele womklomelo;
- izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala;
- ubusika obunzima;
- izithelo ezinhle zefomu elifanele;
- ukunambitheka okumangalisayo;
- Izithelo zibekezelela ukuhamba kahle;
- ama-apula afanele ukusetshenziswa okusha, nokulondolozwa, ukuma, ukupheka ama-compotes, iwayini.
Kubalulekile! Akukhona neze ukuphazamiseka kulezi ezihlukahlukene. Noma kunjalo, izithelo zokunakekelwa okungalungile zibe zincani, ukunambitheka kwabo kwehla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla zithinteka kakhulu esikhaleni nasezitsheni zokubola.
Incazelo yomuthi
Umuthi ukhula ngobukhulu obuphakathi. Umqhele ujikelezile, ukhululekile futhi uhlangene ngesikhathi esifanayo, awukhuli kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, izihlahla ze-apula zingatshalwa eduze komunye nomunye. Amagatsha alungile, asuke esitokisini esiseduze ngakwesokudla, atholakala eduze komunye nomunye. Amagxolo wesiqu ngumbala ocolile omsundu, amahlumela alula kancane, ane-tinge ephuzi. Amagatsha e-Bark abushelelezi, alula kancane.
Amahlamvu e-apula ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ama-matte, ajikelezile futhi anama-oval shape, athole kancane emaphethelweni. Emaphethelweni amashidi anezinothi eziphakanyisiwe phezulu. Ihluma ama-inflorescences aphakathi nendawo amakhulu. Amakhemikhali amancane, azungezile futhi aso. Umbala wezimbali namafihlekile umhlophe. 
Incazelo yezithelo
Ama-apula ase-Silver Hoof ahle kakhulu: ajikeleze, ajwayele ukuma, abushelelezi ngokukhanya okukhulu. Umbala wesithelo uvame kakhulu obomvu, ngezinye izikhathi nge-tint orange. Ngokuvamile emlandweni obomvu obomvu, ama-patches amaqabunga ephuzi eliphuzi, ama-shades ayisikhilimu akhiwa. I-peel inomzimba omncane, inemibala enhle ye-wax.
Ukunambitheka kwama-apula kunomnandi futhi kumuncu. Inyama ihle kahle-ihlungwe kahle, isinyene futhi ilula kakhulu. Isisindo seyunithi eyodwa siyahlukahluka kusuka ku-70 kuya ku-90 g. Iphunga lezithelo lincane. Imbewu incane, iyindilinga, imnyama futhi imnyama. Ukuhamba nge-apula nokubekezela.
Uyazi? Isihlahla se-apple yesi-Silver Hoof, ngenxa yezici zayo, sithandwa kakhulu ekuzaleni, futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezintsha eziphikisana neqhwa, izifo nezinambuzane.
Ukuvotela kwe-apula "I-Hoof yesiliva"
Inselo ye-Apple yesiliva inesici esithile ekulimeni. Izinhlobonhlobo azikwazi ukuzitholela impova. Ngakho-ke, ama-pollinators kumele akhule eduze kwawo. Uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lwe-apula lubhekwa "u-Anis Sverdlovsk". "Ukugcwalisa okugcwele", "Zhigulevskoe", "Cowberry" kuhle kakhulu. Ungatshala ezinye izinhlobo.
Umthetho oyinhloko okufanele uqondise ukukhetha umuthi wempova wukuthi ezihlukahlukene kufanele ziqhakaze futhi zithele izithelo ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-Silver Hoof. Ibanga eliphakathi kwe-apula nomuthi we-pollinator akumele kudlule ikhilomitha elilodwa. 
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo ze-apula uma uthenga
Ukuze ukhule umuthi oqinile, okhiqizayo, ikhwalithi yokutshala impahla ibaluleke kakhulu. Uma ufuna ukuba amaphesenti ayikhulu uqiniseka "ekuhlanzeni" kwezinhlobonhlobo kanye nekhwalithi enhle ye-seedling, kungcono ukuthenga ku-nursery. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuthi kufanele ubhalwe ngegama lezinhlobonhlobo, inkampani kanye nezixhumanisi zayo.
Uma ukhetha isihlahla, kubalulekile ukukhokha ngokukhethekile isimo sezimpande namahlamvu. Uhlelo lwempande kufanele luthuthukiswe kahle, luhlanganiswe, futhi izimpande zibukeka ziphila. Ezimpandeni akufanele kube khona izibonakaliso zomonakalo, umonakalo ekubola kwempande, umdlavuza nezinye izifo. Ungathengi izithombo ngezimpande ezibuthakathaka, ezomile, ezinomile.
Kubalulekile! Lapho uhlola uhlelo lwempande, phawula ukuthi izimpande zibambe izibani zomhlaba. Uma umhlaba ungabambeleli, izimpande zibuthaka noma zibuhlungu.
Kumele uhlole ipuleti leshidi ngenhla nangezansi. Kumele kube mnandi, umbala ogcwele, ngaphandle kwemigodi, i-plaque nezinye izimpawu zesifo noma ukulimala yizinambuzane.
Amaqabunga e-apula "I-Silver Hoof" ayinamahloni, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuba khona kokukhanya okucwebezelayo, ukuqhakaza okumhlophe, amachashazi amnyama kubonisa ukunqotshwa kwembewu enezifo ze-fungal noma ama-aphid. Qinisekisa ukubheka ngaphansi kwamahlamvu - kungafihla i-aphid. Ungathengi izithombo ngezinomile, ezisontekile, ama-drooping amahlamvu. 
Imithetho yokutshala izithombo ze-apula "Izinselo zesiliva" kusayithi
Uma unikeza i-Hoof yesiliva esihlahleni se-apula ngendlela efanele nokunakekelwa, isivuno sokuqala singalindelwa ngonyaka wesine. Futhi ngonyaka wesihlanu noma wesithupha ukuqoqa isitshalo esikhulu esiphelele sama-apula amakhulu, amahle nesiphundu. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha isikhathi nendawo yokutshala kanye nokugcinwa kwemithetho yokutshala izithombo kufanele kuhanjiswe ngokuziphendulela.
Izinsuku zokufika nokukhethwa kwendawo
Izithombo ze-Apple zingatshalwa kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Entwasahlobo, isikhathi esihle kakhulu ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ekwindla - kusukela ekupheleni kukaSeptemba kuya ku-Okthoba. Noma kunjalo, abalimi abaningi babheka ukutshala ekwindla kunazo zonke.
Indawo yokufika kufanele ifakwe kahle. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ajulile ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze uhlelo lwempande lomuthi lungathinteki. Izinhlobonhlobo akuzona ikakhulukazi ezifunayo emhlabathini, kodwa kungcono uma kukhululekile futhi kukhishwe kahle. Lokhu kuzokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe-oksijeni ohlelweni lwempande, ukuvimbela ukuqhuma kwamanzi ngokweqile kanye nokuvela kwezifo ze-fungal. Umuthi we-Apple awuthandi umhlabathi omuncu kakhulu.
Uyazi? Ukwenza inhlabathi ibe yinto engavamile, inhlabathi yensimu, ezofafaza izimpande, ingaxubana ne-sawdust noma i-peat.
Kunconywa ukutshala isithombo emva kokuthenga, njengesenzo sokugcina - ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. 
Inqubo yokuhambisa isinyathelo
Manje cabanga ukuthi ungatshala kanjani umuthi wama apula, ngokugcwele imininingwane. Okokuqala udinga ukumba imbobo. Ububanzi bayo kufanele buvumele ukubeka imbande ngezimpande eziqondisiwe ngaphandle kobunzima, nokujula phakathi kwentamo yomuthi.
Kunconywa ukubeka ungqimba wengxube ye-4 kg yama-humus, 40 g we-superphosphate, i-20 g ye-potassium ne-urea phansi kwegodi. Ingxube ephezulu ihlanganiswe nengqimba yomhlaba ukuze uhlelo lwempande lungashiswa. I-seedling ifakwa phakathi emgodini bese ifafazwe inhlabathi entanyeni yentambo. Khona-ke inhlabathi iyanisela.
Kuyi-seedling ayizange ithinteke emoyeni, kunconywa ukuba ufake ukusekela isikhonkwane eduze kwayo futhi ubophe isihlahla kuso.
Kubalulekile! Uma kwenzeka ukomisa izimpande, kunconywa ukuba uzinake kancane ngamanzi. Izimpande ezonakalisiwe futhi ezide kakhulu kufanele zinqunywe, zifafaze amaphilisi amasha amalahle ngamapayipi.
Imithetho yokunakekelwa ngezikhathi ngezihlahla ze-apula "I-Silver Hoof"
I-apula Isikhumba sesiliva ngokucophelela nokusika izihlahla ngesikhathi esifanayo kunika isivuno esikhulu sama-apula amakhulu. Ukunakekela isihlahla kulula, kodwa uma uphula imithetho yayo eyisisekelo, izithelo ziyoba ezincane futhi azijabulisi kakhulu, futhi izithombo zizokwazi ukubhekana nezifo.
Zonke ukunakekelwa yizenzo ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo:
- ukuchelela okufika ngesikhathi;
- ukwelashwa kwezifo nezinambuzane;
- ukukhulula inhlabathi nokususa ukhula;
- umanyolo ngezikhathi ezithile;
- amagatsha okusika izihlahla.
Ukwelapha izinambuzane nezifo
Isihlahla sama-apula we-Silverhoof sibonakala ngezinga elijwayelekile lokumelana nezifo ze-fungal nezinambuzane. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zitholakala kakhulu ezifweni ezinjengesiko nesithelo sokubola.
Scab Ngokuvamile kuthinta isihlahla ngenxa yobuningi obuningi noma i-acidity yenhlabathi, umqhele omningi kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamanyolo we-nitrogen. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokubunjwa kwamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emaqabunga, amaqabunga nama-ovari. Uma uveza izibonakaliso zokuqala zokugula, umuthi kufanele uphethwe nge-fungicides. 
Ukuze uvimbele isikhumba, kunconywa ukuba ukhulule njalo umhlabathi ozungeza umuthi, uqede umqhele ngesikhathi bese ufafaza inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu ngomuthi wokhuni. Kubuye kusetshenziswe ekwindla ukuphambanisa isihlahla ngesisombululo se-urea se-7%.
Uyazi? Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokubhekana nesiko emithini emincane yindlela yokwelashwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ne-3% yeBreeaux liquid.
Uma isikhumba singahambi, entwasahlobo, lapho amahlamvu eqala ukuqhakaza, i-apula kufanele ihlungwe nge-"Skor" isisombululo (1 ampoule ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi). Ngemuva kokuthi isihlahla se-apula sesiphelile, sidinga ukwelashwa ngesisombululo se-1% se-copper sulfate.
Izithelo Rot singathola umuthi we-apula ngenxa yobuningi obuningi bomhlabathi, ukuqina komqhele, ukulimala kwezithelo ngezinyoni noma nesichotho. Izakhi ezibomvu zakhiwa ngezithelo ezithintekile, ezenziwa ngokuthekisana kwalesi sifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga namagatsha esihlahla esithintekile baqala ukubola. 
Uma kutholakala izimpawu zezithelo zokubola, izithelo ezithintekile, amaqabunga namagatsha kufanele zisuswe, kanti umuthi uphathwe nge-1% we-copper sulfate noma izidakamizwa ze-antifungal "iKartotsid", "HOM".
Ngokumelene nama-aphid, i-apula ingaphathwa ngendlela efanele ngokuthi "Fitoverm" ngoMeyi. Kusuka kubagibeli abagcina ukwelashwa "Karbofos", eyenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhluma kwesihlahla. Ngokumelene nezimbungu, "i-Biotoxibacillin" iphumelela, ihlanjululwa emva kokuba isihlahla se-apula siphelile.
Ukunisela izihlahla
Umuthi we-Apple awuthandi inhlabathi enomanzi kakhulu. Ukuphuza kokuqala okwenziwe ngokugcwele kwenzeka ngemuva kokutshala isithombo. Khona-ke umuthi uphuziswa kuphela ngezikhathi zesomiso eside. Esikhathini esingaphezu kwesilinganiso esivamile somswakama isitshalo sidinga ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kanye nokuhluma. Emva kokuqoqa ukuqoqwa, ukuchelela kuncishisiwe kuncishisiwe.
Umanyolo
Ukukhulelwa kokuqala kuyenziwa lapho utshala imbewu. Khona-ke ukondliwa kunconywa ngonyaka wesibili wokukhula kwesihlahla. Ngo-Ephreli, enye yalezi zifaka umanyolo isetshenziswe enhlabathini:
- 0, 5 kg we-urea;
- 30 g we-ammonium nitrate;
- ibhakede le-humus.
Kubalulekile! Izitshalo akufanele zisetshenziswe eduze kwesiqu, kodwa kuhambisana nomjikelezo womqhele.
Ngesikhathi sezimbali, izihlahla ze-apula zondliwa ngengxube ye-100 g ye-superphosphate no-60 g we-potassium. Ehlobo nasekwindla kuyasiza ukondla ama-apula nge-phosphate nama-fertilizer umquba. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukumelana kwabo kwiqhwa lasebusika. Kumele uqaphele kakhulu uma usebenzisa umquba we-nitrogen ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezincane. Ingxube kufanele ihlanjululwe kahle ngamanzi ukuze ingashisi izimpande. Izithombo ezincane ikakhulukazi zidinga ukudla okunengi.
Ukuhlangana komhlabathi
Ukuhlanganisa imifino kuhilela ukubeka phezu kwenhlabathi ye-sawdust, amagxolo, utshani, amahlamvu asomile. Ukulondoloza umquba kugcina umswakama emhlabathini, kuvimbela ukukhula kokhula, ukulimala izimpande, ukuvikela izimpande ngenxa yokushisa noma ukukhanda.
Inhlabathi ihlanganiswe entwasahlobo nasekwindla ngemuva kokususwa kokhula, inhlabathi isuliwe futhi umanyolo usetshenzisiwe. I-mulch ikhonjiswe esitokisini kuze kube ububanzi bomqhele ohlangothini lwe-10 cm. Umhlabathi womlenze ungeyinto encane kakhulu, kodwa iningi kakhulu.
Amaqabunga asomile kufanele ahlanganiswe ngokucophelela. Qinisekisa ukuthi abangekho igciwane. Uma ungabaza, kunconywa ukuphatha imbokhamba nge-urea.
Ukudubula
Amagatsha athwalwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla, emva kokuba umuthi une-otlodoneos ngokuphelele futhi uphonsa amahlamvu. Okokuqala udinga ukususa wonke amagatsha aphethwe, awonakele. Ukuze uthuthukise i-fruiting, kunconywa ukuba uhlakulele izihlahla ze-apula ngokusho kwesakhiwo sehlathi: shiya amahlumela amancane namagatsha asemaceleni. Umqhele ngesimo sehlathi uzofaka isandla ekungeneni kwesilinganiso esidingekayo selanga nokuphuza umoya omuhle. 
Ukuze ungalimazi umuthi, udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungayithatha kanjani isihlahla se-apula. Sika ekhoneni kusukela ku-trunk noma kumagatsha amakhulu. Uma le nqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo, kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu; ukusika kungenzeka kuphela ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokunyakaza okusebenzayo kwejusi eduze kwesiqu. Izihlahla ezincane kumele zikhishwe njalo futhi ngokuningi. Ifomu elihle kunawo wonke kuwo umqhele omncane kanye namagatsha amaningana.
Uyazi? Uma ugcoba izindawo zokwehlukaniswa kwamagatsha amakhulu kanye ne-mastic yokulima, kuzokuvimbela ukuphuma kwamanzi kanye nezinto eziwusizo ezivela emagatsheni. Isihlahla esinjalo siyophuluka ekunciphiseni ngokushesha kakhulu.
Ukuvuna nokugcina izitshalo
Ama-apula aqala ukuvuthwa phakathi no-Agasti ngasekugcineni, kuye ngokuthi izimo zezulu zenzeke. Uma ubaqoqa emagatsheni, isithelo sithela kakhulu, kepha ukunambitheka kwabo kuyawohloka. Ngesitoreji esifanele, ama-apula agcina ukunambitheka cishe izinyanga ezingu-2-3.
Izimo zokugcina ezihamba kahle kakhulu:
- 90-95% umswakama;
- izinga lokushisa kusuka ku-0 kuya ku--2 ° C;
- ukusetshenziswa kweziqukathi zokhuni;
- Gcina endaweni enomoya omuhle.
