I-Currant yigama elijwayelekile lohlobo lwezitshalo olungokwesigaba sama-dicotyledons nomndeni kajamu. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-200 zezakhe. Yande e-Eurasia kanye nezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. Uthanda umswakama, ngakho-ke, ukhetha i-vivo ukukhula ogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhula ezinwebini zethu azikhathaleli futhi ziqinile, kodwa futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo ukuze isitshalo silethe injabulo. Ingadi i-currant, etshalwe enkabeni yeRussia, inambitheka kakhulu futhi inempilo.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Currant yi-shrub ekuphakameni kwayo kusuka esilinganisweni esisodwa kuya kwamamitha amahlanu. Izinhlobo zegadi, njengomthetho, azidluli i-1.5-2. Isitshalo sinamahlumela amade aqondile, ansundu, abomvu noma ampunga. Uhlelo lwezimpande luhlotshisiwe futhi luqinile, lujula emhlabathini ngamamitha ayi-1.5.
Amaqabunga ama-currant anama-lobes amathathu noma amahlanu, ahlanganisiwe, ayindilinga noma aphakama. Umbala wamahlamvu uncike ezinhlotsheni, imvamisa kakhulu uluhlaza, umthunzi ohlangothini olungaphezulu uqhakazile kunokwengaphansi.
Amaqabunga ama-currants ahlobisa angaba wezithunzi ezahlukahlukene: obomvu, onsundu, obomvu.
Izimbali zihlukile: ukusuka kokumhlophe kuya kokubomvu okumnyama. Ama-inflorescence ngesimo samabhulashi, kuwo wonke aqoqwa izimbali ezinhlanu kuya kweshumi nambili. Ama-currants aqhakaza ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi; ezinye izinhlobo ziyaqhakaza kuze kube uJuni.
Izithelo ezingama-currant - amajikijolo, ayindilinga noma acashile kancane. Imibala iyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane, zingaba bomvu, zimnyama, zimhlophe, ziluhlaza, ziphuzi. Ziyahluka futhi ngokunambitheka.
Ezinye izinhlobo zinambitheka omuncu omisiwe, ezinye zinambitheka kamnandi futhi omuncu, futhi kunezinhlobo ezimnandi.
Izinhlobo
Ezweni lethu, ama-currants akhula ngokuthanda, kulinywe, zizalela, zizalela izinhlobo ezintsha kanye nzalo.
Okuvame kakhulu eRussia yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- mnyama
- obomvu (ingadi ejwayelekile);
- mhlophe
- golide;
- icy;
- igazi libomvu.
Ukuhamba ngezinyawo: ukukhetha indawo nesikhathi
Ukutshala ama-currants kwenziwa kangcono ekwindla yokuqala. Kuze kube sentwasahlobo, isihlahla sizoba nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande. Uma lesi sikhathi sonyaka sekufudumele, ungatshala izihlahla ngoSepthemba ngisho ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Ngamakhaza okuqala, kungcono ukulinda kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Indawo lapho kufanele itshale khona kufanele ikhethwe lapho isitshalo sizothola khona ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nomswakama. Uma lokhu kwenziwa kahle, khona-ke ngokunakekela kahle isitshalo siyoletha isivuno esiningi iminyaka engaba ngu-15.
I-Currant ayithandi umthunzi futhi ithanda izindawo lapho kunomswakama owanele. Okumnyama ikakhulukazi akubekezeleli isomiso, ezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuntuleka komswakama isikhathi esithile.
Uma izihlahla zinomqhele omncane, ungazitshala eduze komunye nomunye. Phakathi kokusabalalisa izithombo kungcono ukwenza ibanga elikhudlwana. Ngokwesilinganiso, amamitha ayi-1.5-2 kufanele ashiywe.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokutshala ama-currants:
- lungiselela imigodi emincane, ukujula okungaba ngu-40 cm;
- uma isikhathi sivuma, bese ubashiya isikhashana (isonto noma amabili) ukuze inhlabathi inciphe;
- umanyolo, umquba noma umquba ubekwa phansi;
- umgodi uniselwa ngamanzi;
- i-seedling ifakwa emgodini, igxishwe ama-degrees angama-45, iqonde uhlelo lwempande, bese iyingcwaba;
- unyathela inhlabathi, kancane kancane ugcwalise umhlaba;
- amboze umhlabathi ovulekile nge-mulch.
Ukufika kwe-Oblique kunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni okungcono kohlelo lwezimpande kanye namahlumela amanye. Isihlahla sizoba namandla futhi siqhume.
Uma utshala isithombo ngokuqondile, khona-ke isihlahla kungenzeka sikhule sibe isiqu esisodwa.
Ukunakekelwa Kwama-currant
Labo abanama-currant bush ezweni kufanele banake ukuthi lezi zitshalo zithanda umswakama. Uma kungekho mvula isikhathi eside, kufanele unikeze isihlahla ukuthambisa okuvamile.
Ukuntuleka komswakama kuzodala ukuthi amajikijolo awele, kanti okunye kuzoba okuncane futhi kunganambitha.
Kufanele futhi ukhulule umhlaba ngezikhathi ezithile, okungenani kanye njalo emavikini amathathu. Akudingeki kakhulu, i-5-8 cm yanele. Lapho kukhululwa umthwalo, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kungonakalisi izimpande zesitshalo.
Ukunakekela ama-currant bush kufaka phakathi:
- inhlabathi ezungeze lesi sitshalo kumele ibe ukhula njalo, ikhululwe ukhula;
- qiniseka ukuthi ufaka isilondolozi sembozo sezithelo sembozo esiqongweni senhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla - ungqimba olugcina umswakama, oluvimbela ukukhula kukhula, luvikele ekuguqukeni kokushisa
- Ngaphambi kwesithwathwa, isihlahla kufanele sigoqwe ngendwangu noma iphepha, ngaphansi kwesitshalo, faka iziqukathi ngamanzi.
Amagatsha angezansi esihlahla se-currant angasakazeka emhlabathini. Ukugwema lokhu, ukusekelwa kufanele kwakhiwe nxazonke.
Ukuze isitshalo sikhule kahle futhi sithele izithelo, kufanele sinikeze ukugqoka okuphezulu. Umanyolo owethulwa ngesikhathi sokutshala wagcina iminyaka engaba mibili. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kufanele kunikezwe umanyolo ojwayelekile. Lokhu komquba ngenani elingama-5 kg no-20 g ngalinye le-potassium sulfate ne-superphosphate.
Ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo, lapho isitshalo sivuka kusuka ku-hibernation futhi siqala ukukhula ngentshiseko, udinga ukusinikeza ngokufaka umquba ezimpandeni. Ngale njongo, umquba noma inkukhu eyehliselwe emanzini, kanye nemikhiqizo yesitolo, ilungile.
Ukuze isihlahla sikhule futhi sikhule kahle, kubalulekile ukunquma amagatsha awo njalo. Ukuthena okugunyaziwe kwenziwa entwasahlobo. Lokhu kususa amagatsha:
- othintwe izifo;
- olinyazwe izinambuzane;
- igobile;
- ephukile
- ezindala.
Ukusoka kwamagatsha amadala angonakalisiwe azokwenza isitshalo sikwazi ukuphuma amahlumela amasha aqinile.
Ehlobo, ama-currant kufanele aniselwe njalo, athukulule inhlabathi, aphathwe ngama-insecticides nama-fungicides. Kubalulekile ukunisela isitshalo kahle ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nezithelo.
Futhi, ama-currants adinga izihlahla ngo-Agasti, ngemuva kokuvunwa. Kulokhu, amagatsha amakhulu amabili noma amathathu asikwa ngaphansi kwempande uqobo, ngaphandle kokushiya i-hemp. Ngokwenza lokhu ehlobo, ngemuva kokukha amajikijolo, ungenza indawo yezimpande ezincane zezimpande.
Ukuzala
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-currants kungenziwa ngezindlela ezintathu:
- ukusika;
- ukwahlukanisa isihlahla;
- layering.
Indlela yokuqala ibhekwa njengesebenzayo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kungekho okuningi, kepha ufuna ukugcina ukwahlukahluka. Ngale ndlela, ama-currants angandiswa ngohlobo kanye nasehlobo nasekwindla.
Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kusendlalelo esevele isilungiselelwe, ehlanganisa umhlaba ngokufakwa komquba nomquba. Njengoba ukusika ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, kuthathwa amahlumela waminyaka yonke anezilonda, agcinwa kalula ngesikhathi sokuthenwa konyaka.
Kuyadingeka ukukhetha amahlumela obubanzi bawo bungama-6 mm. Ubude besibambo bungaba ngama-20 cm, kufanele bube nezinso (izingcezu ezi-3-4).
Ngezansi, isiqu sisikwa ngqo ngaphansi kwezinso, engxenyeni engenhla i-incision yenziwa nje ngaphezulu kwayo. Uhlala ngokungacabangi emhlabathini olungiselelwe, eniselwe, imboza sezithombo libekwe phezulu.
Ukuzala kabusha ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla akuyona indlela ejwayelekile. Kuyasetshenziswa uma isitshalo sidinga ukufakelwa endaweni entsha, futhi ezimweni lapho kungekho khona okwanele kokutshala. Lapho usebenzisa le ndlela, izihlahla ziqala ngokushesha ngaphandle komzamo owengeziwe. Kufanele zihlukaniswe ekwindla noma entwasahlobo. Kulula ukwenza lokhu: isitshalo siyasuswa emhlabathini, ngenkathi siqinisekisa ukuthi lapho kugaywa izimpande kungonakali, khona-ke wonke amagatsha amadala nanokugula anqunywa, futhi ahlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana ngembazo ebukhali (imvamisa kathathu noma kane). Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ukuze ingxenye ngayinye ibe nezimpande ezikhule kahle, kube nezithelo emagatsheni.
Enye yezindlela ezilula zokusakaza ama-currants yindlela yokubeka. Kuyadingeka ukwenza inqubo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuze kube yilapho isitshalo siqhume. Eduze kwesihlahla, okhethwe njengonina, bmba izimbotshana eziningana ezingashoni (6-7 cm). Ngemuva kwalokho, amagatsha aphansi (amahlumela aqinile futhi asemancane kufanele akhethwe) anqunywe (cishe ingxenye yesithathu) bese egobeka phansi, afakwe emgodini obunjiwe futhi alungiswe (imvamisa kusetshenziselwa ucingo ngale njongo).
Ama-5-7 amahlumela angathathwa esihlahleni sikamama.
Awudingi ukufafaza amagatsha, akwenzayo lokhu kuphela uma kuvela amagatsha aluhlaza kuwo futhi lapho esefika ku-10-15 cm. Bese kuthi lapho imifino etholakala lapho amahlumela ifafazwa ngenhlabathi. Kufanele zikhule kabili noma kathathu ehlobo. Ngokuwa, sezivele sezinezimpande ezakhiwe kahle, futhi zingadluliselwa endaweni ekhethiwe.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Njengezinye izitshalo ezisezinhlamvwini zethu, ama-currant atholakala esifo futhi angahlaselwa yizilokazane. Izifo ezivame kakhulu zifaka:
- I-Anthracnose yisifo sokukhunta lapho amaqabunga eqala ukoma futhi aqoteke, aphenduke abe nsundu. Iziguli kufanele zinqunywe esihlahleni futhi zichithwe esigxotsheni, kanti nesitshalo ngokwaso kufanele sifafazwe ngesikhunta.
- I-Powderyypew (ashtray) - ukutheleleka okubangelwa isikhunta esimuncu se-microscopic, isitshalo sifafaza i-plaque emhlophe. Kuyadingeka ukulwa nalesi sifo ngosizo lwe-zethusi sulfate (thela amanzi angama-30 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi bese ufafaza isihlahla).
- I-stric mosaic - ukutheleleka ngegciwane, okubonakala ngokubonakala kwamaqabunga iphethini elikhanyayo lenziwe ngemithambo ephuzi. Isihlahla esinegciwane kufanele sidilizwe, akunamsebenzi ukusiphatha, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela lesi sitshalo emithanjeni yokutheleleka - ama-aphid kanye nemikhaza.
- I-Terry (ukubuyiselwa emuva) - isifo esiyingozi segciwane, esivame ukutholakala kalula kuma-blackcurrant, sithelela i-aphid yesitshalo kanye nemikhaza, iyeka ukuthela izithelo. Ukwelapha izinambuzane kuyadingeka ukuvikela emithanjeni, futhi ukufafaza nge-Bordeaux ketshezi kuyadingeka ukuqeda ukubuyiselwa emuva.
- ISeporia yisifo sokukhunta lapho amaqabunga ehlanganiswa khona okokuqala ngamabala ansundu, bese eba mhlophe. Ukuqeda ukubala okumhlophe, kufanele uphathe isihlahla ngesikhunta.
Izinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu zama-currants zifaka ama-aphid, ingilazi yezinyoni, ama-midge enyongo. Ukususa ama-aphid nenyongo midges, isisombululo se-kalbofos siyasetshenziswa. Ingxube yomlotha, lwesinaphi eyomile nepelepele, ugwayi uzosiza ukukhipha ingilazi. Izithako zihlanganiswa ngokulingana futhi zisetshenziswe ngaphansi kwesitshalo.
Izici eziwusizo zama-currants
I-Currant inokwakheka okuhle kakhulu: iqukethe amavithamini amaningi, ikakhulukazi amavithamini C, kanye namaqembu B, E, K, F, ama-carbohydrate aphilayo (i-fiber), nama-acid amaningi abalulekile.
Kukhona uvithamini C omningi kakhulu ku-blackcurrant kangangokuba amagremu angama-50 amajikijolo ahlinzeka ngemfuneko yansuku zonke yomuntu omdala.
Kuyasiza kakhulu ukusebenzisa ama-currants ngenhloso yokuqinisa ukungatheleleki, ukulwa nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okucebile kusiza ukubulala ama-microorganisms we-pathogenic, ngakho-ke ukuphuza iziphuzo zezithelo ze-currant kanye nokudla amajikijolo amasha kuboniswa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-antibiotic. Ama-decoquenti abo asiza ukususa izinto ezinobuthi nezinsimbi ezisindayo emzimbeni.
Izithelo ze-currant zingomiswa, zifakwe iqhwa, zenziwe ngezithelo ezi-stewed, ukulondolozwa, ujamu. Ukugcina amavithamini, omama abaningi basendlini bakhetha ukugaya amajikijolo ngoshukela, ngale ndlela bagcinwa ngokuphelele futhi bayasiza ekusekeleni ukungatheleleki ebusika. Zibuye zifake isandla ekuvuseleleni kwesikhumba, futhi impela umzimba wonke. Ngale njongo, kuyasiza ukuzisebenzisa ngaphakathi, kepha ungenza imaski. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwama-acid acid, izinqubo ezinjalo zinezimpawu zokukhanya kwamakhemikhali akhanyayo.
Isebenzisa hhayi kuphela izithelo zehlathi, kodwa futhi namaqabunga awo. Zisetshenziselwa ukwengeza ukunambitheka nephunga kulondolozo olwenziwe ekhaya, kanti i-decoction noma itiye kubo lisebenza njenge-diuretic enhle kakhulu. Kunconyelwa ukusetshenziselwa ezifweni zezinso, i-bladder.
Contraindication nokusetshenziswa kwama-currants
Ukudla ama-currants amnyama, amhlophe noma abomvu kungaletha zombili izinzuzo zezempilo futhi kulimaze. Awukwazi ukudla la mazithelo nganoma yiluphi uhlobo phambi komzimba. Lokhu ukuhlukahluka okungafani nalutho, noma kunjalo, ukunika ama-currant enganeni encane, kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi umzimba wakhe usabela kanjani. Uma ngemuva kwesikhashana noma ingane isimbozwe ngesikhumba, iqala ukugijimisa impumulo, ngakho-ke kufanele uyeke ukuyondla lamajikijolo, uyikhombise i-allergist, futhi uvivinywe yi-allergological.
Ukuvumelanisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-currants ukuvuvukala kwesibindi. Ijusi ye-Berry ayinconywa i-thrombophlebitis.
Ungadli ama-currants kubantu abaye bahlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, bathambekele ukuqunjelwa, ngokwanda kwegazi.
I-currant ebomvu iqukethe iningi lama-acid, ngakho-ke, kufanele isetshenziswe ngokucophelela kwezifo ezihambisana nokwanda kwe-acidity yesisu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kungavusa ukuqina kwe-gastritis engapheli noma isilonda esiswini.
Kodwa-ke, ngokusweleka kwama-enzyme, izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, ama-currants abomvu angaba usizo. Ngokuhlukumezeka, ungathola ukukhubazeka esiswini, uhudo.
