Ukutshala ama-cherries ekwindla: imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Ukutshala ama-cherries, njengomthetho, kwenziwa ngo-Okthoba. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukhetha uhlaka lwesikhathi, kungcono ukugxila endaweni yesimo sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu, ukufika phansi kwenziwa kumazinga okushisa afinyelela ku + 13 ° C.

Ngaphambi kwalokhu, kufakwa umquba we-potash noma we-phosphorus. Ubusika, izithombo ezincane zimbozwa ngezinto ezikhethekile ezizwayo ukuze zivikeleke kumagundane.

Izici cherries ezikhulayo

Akunzima ukutshala ama-cherries, kepha kunezici lapho kukhula khona izithelo nokukhula kahle okuphelele:

• izithombo zithengwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezikhethekile, mhlawumbe ezineminyaka emithathu ubudala (izihlahla eziphansi 70-90 cm);
• khetha izihlahla ezinesistimu eyimpande eyakhiwe kahle, amagxolo anemibala ngokulinganayo ngombala onsundu;
• indawo yokutshala ekhethiwe evikelekile kumanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nezinhlaka.

Izinsuku nezinhlobonhlobo zezifunda ezahlukahlukene zaseRussia

Enkabeni yeRussia kanye nesifunda saseMoscow, ama-cherries atshalwa ngemuva kokuphela kwamaqabunga kuze kube maphakathi no-Okthoba. Ezimweni ezibandayo nezibandayo zase-Urals naseSiberia, ukutshala kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ngakho-ke ukusika kuzoba nesikhathi esanele sokuzivumelanisa namakhaza asekwindla ukuze akhule aqine. Okuhamba phambili enyangeni nguMeyi nokuphela kuka-Ephreli.

Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, njengeKrasnodar Territory, Isifunda saseRostov, iVolgograd, isihlahla sitshalwa kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba.

Ezifundeni ezibandayo, kukhethwa izithombo ezingamelana neqhwa kakhulu, njengokuthi: Zhelannaya, Altai ekuqaleni 2, Kristina. Kwisifunda saseMoscow, labo ababekezelela ukuhlaselwa kwezinyosi nezinambuzane, bathola izimpande kahle i-Apukhtinskaya, iTurgenevka, iLyubskaya.

Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zeRussia:

• IMorozovka yizinhlobonhlobo ezimnandi ezivuthwa ngoJuni.
• I-Turgenevka - imelana neqhwa, ilungele ukuvunelwa ubusika.
• I-Shpanka ayimelani nezifo, ebusika-hardy, izithelo azigcinwa isikhathi eside.
• IZhukovskaya - ivuthwa sekwephuzile futhi inezithelo ezinkulu.
• Umhlangano umelana neqhwa.
• Ziningi - izithelo ezimuncu, zinikeza isivuno esihle.
• ILyubskaya - ayikubekezeleli ukubanda, kepha inika izithelo eziningi.

Izici nokubi kokutshala kwekwindla

Izinzuzo zokutshala ama-cherries ekwindla:

1. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokutshala. Kuzo zonke izindawo zokufunda zasekwindla, ukukhethwa okukhulu kwezithombo okunezimpande ezivulekile.
2. Izinga elihle lokusinda. Ekwindla, izinga lokushisa elilungile lokutshala lisethiwe, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi i-cherry iqinisa izimpande ngentshiseko.
3. Gcina isikhathi entwasahlobo. Unganakekela amanye amasiko.
4. Ukunakekelwa okulula. Izimvula zizohlinzeka yisithombo ngomswakama odingekayo.

Kulokhu kuhle ukuthi ubalule:

1. Ukwehla okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa, njengomthetho, kuthinta kabi uhlelo lwezimpande, ngakho-ke ngamaqhwa okuqala, isithombo singafa.
2. Ekwindla, izinduku zisebenza kakhulu, ngakho kufanele uvikele isihlahla ngezinto ezikhethekile zokumboza.

Uma isikhathi sokufika siphuthelwe, bese wenza okulandelayo:

• esakhiweni segadi bamba umgodi omude ngaphansi kwezimpande;
• izinqubo zibekwa emseleni futhi zibekwe engxenyeni enkulu;
• uhlelo lwezimpande lumbozwe ngomhlaba ngesendlalelo esingu-10 cm;
• inisele ngamabhakede amabili amanzi futhi embozwe ngamagatsha aqhuma ngesihlwathi kusuka ezinambuzaneni.

Ungqimba lweqhwa esiqwini akufanele lube ngaphezu kwama-30 cm, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zizoqala ukucula.

Ukukhetha indawo ozohlala kuyo

UCherry uyalithanda ilanga, ngakho-ke balitshala endaweni enokhanya kahle. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukukhanya kwelanga ezinqubweni ezixhunyiwe. Ngokufanelekile, uma i-cherry ihlala ngaphansi kwemisebe kusukela ekuseni kakhulu kuze kuhlwe. Indawo ebanjwayo kumele ivikeleke kokubhaliwe okuqinile nemimoya, ngoba lesi sitshalo sonakele futhi saphukile kuso. Uma ingekho indawo evaliwe enjalo, yakha isivikelo emimoyeni.
Abakhethi izindawo eduze kwezihlahla ezinamagatsha nasezindaweni eziphansi.

Isitshalo sitshalwa kanye kuphela, ngoba asikubekezeleli ukufakelwa endaweni entsha.

Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba anethonya elibi ekukhuleni kwe-cherry; kufanele adlule ekujuleni kwamamitha amabili nesiqingatha kuya kumamitha amabili.

Lapho ukutshala eduze kwezihlahla zezithelo, umuthi awukhuli kahle, ngoba amagatsha ezitshalo ahlangana futhi kancane kancane afe. I-Cherry ihlala kahle endaweni engadini eduze kwesihlahla se-apula, iplamu, amagilebhisi kanye nama-gooseberries. Omakhelwane abangafuneki yile: peach, i-apricot, i-walnut, i-blackcurrant.

Inhlabathi

Umhlaba walesi sihlahla kumele ube ovundile, onesihlabathi noma ohlanyayo. Ukusabela empeleni kungathathi hlangothi noma i-alkali kancane. I-acidity yomhlaba iyisici esibalulekile esinakwa kakhulu ngaphambi kokutshala, ngakho-ke, uma kuhlukile esizeni, bese siguqulwa sinezakhi ezikhethekile. Inhlabathi ye-Acidic ifakwa nge-chalk noma nge-limestone. Inhlabathi enobumba iyagwemeka; uma kungenjalo, inezelwa isihlabathi kuyo.

Ukulungiselela nokutshala izithombo

Izimfuneko ngaphambi kokutshala isihlahla:

• Hlola ihlumela ngomonakalo, ukusikeka nokugqekeza ezimpandeni nasekhondweni. Amaqabunga ayasuswa, ngenxa yokuthi amanzi avele amanzi.
• Izimpande ezomile zifakwa emanzini isigamu sosuku ziye entanjeni yezimpande.
• Faka uhlelo lwezimpande kusisombululo se-heteroausin.

Imiyalo yokufakelwa

Lungisa inhlabathi kusengaphambili: uthele lime futhi umbe umhlabathi. Kusetshenziswa umquba (nge-1 sq.m: umquba - 10 kg, superphosphate - 60 g, chloride ye-potassium - 30 g). Akunazimo ukuthi ama-limestone futhi ama-organic asetshenziswa ngasikhathi sinye.

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokuphuma emzimbeni:

1. Beka isigxobo esingamamitha ayi-2 ohlangothini olusenyakatho, esimbiwe ngaphansi kwesithombo somgodi.
2. Yenza igquma kusuka enhlabathini evundile.
3. Sabalalisa izimpande ebusweni bomhlaba.
4. Balala basebenzise inhlabathi eduze kwesiqu, baqiniseke ukuthi intamo yezimpande ingama-4 cm ngaphezu kobuso bomhlaba.
5. Kugcwele ngamabhakede amathathu amanzi.

Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphandle

Ukukhula okufanele, ukukhula kanye nokwenza izithelo, ama-cherries ayanakekelwa.

Izici zokunisela

Isigaxa somhlaba sithululelwa eduze kwesiqu cishe esingama-25 cm kwisithombo, futhi amabhakede acishe abe ngu-2 athululelwa kancane kancane kulomgodi. Ngemuva kokuthola umswakama, mulch umhlaba esiqwini sesihlahla. Ngemuva kokuthi i-cherry iniselwe njengoba kudingeka.

Umanyolo

Ukuze i-cherry ikhule kahle emhlabathini ovulekile, kufakwa umanyolo. Lokhu abakwenzi iminyaka emibili yokuqala. Futhi kusukela onyakeni wesithathu kuya kokuqala kokuqhakaza izimbali, kwethulwa umquba oqukethe i-nitrogen. Okukhethwa kukho konke ngukufaka umanyolo emanzini. Lapho nje kuqhakaza izimbali, zondla nge-humus, umquba. Ehlobo basebenzisa noma yiziphi izinto eziphilayo. Ekwindla, umquba we-potassium-phosphorus, isibonelo, i-potassium monophosphate, ilungile.

Izihlahla

Sika isithombo ngokushesha nje kokutshala. Ukusuka emhlabathini kuya egatsheni lokuqala kufanele kuhlale ama-50 cm wesibambo esingenalutho, bonke abanye - banqunywe. Kungamagatsha ayi-6 aqinile kuphela ashiywe ngakwesobunxele esiqwini se-cherry - lo ngumqhele ophambili wesitshalo. Lawa magatsha ancishiswa cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-7. Ezinye zigawulwa zibe yi-zero, kuya ku-hemp esiqwini, izingcezu zigcotshwe ngamafutha engadini.

Ukwakheka komqhele kungokulandelayo:

1. Qala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, uthambe ihlumela elineminyaka engu-80 cm ukuphakama. Leli kuzoba izinga lokuqala lamagatsha.
2. Ngonyaka olandelayo, umqhubi wesifundo osenkabeni unqunywa kusuka egatsheni eliphakeme kunazo zonke liye ezingeni lokuqala ngamasentimitha angama-80. Lokhu kuzoba yingxenye yesibili enamagatsha amathathu azungeze isihlahla.
3. Lapho umqhele usuwakhiwe, ihlumela lilinganiselwe ukuphakama kuye ngamamitha ayi-2,5. Amagatsha ancipha kaningi.

Ukuzala

Indlela yeCherenkov:

1. Cishe ihlumela elineminyaka emibili ubudala eduze kwezimpande eziqinile liqokiwe eduze kwesihlahla somama.
2. Eduze kohlelo lwezimpande, isiqu asithathwa, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zesihlahla somama zizokonakala. Ngemuva kokunquma impande exhuma ihlumela nomuthi wesibeletho. Entwasahlobo, le nqubo idluliselwa endaweni entsha.

Indlela yokusabalalisa amathambo:

1. Amathambo amasha asomile futhi abekwe emanzini amahora amaningi. Imbewu ilungele ukutshala, esehlele ezansi, futhi amathambo asentabeni asuswa.
2. Esokuqala sibekwa esitsheni esinesihlabathi namanzi bese sishiywe endaweni eyomile kuze kube yilapho isimo sezulu esifudumele, sithambisa bese sikhula njengoba kudingeka.
3. Zondliwa kancane ngamanyolo (superphosphate, potassium chloride).
4. Ebusika, izithombo zimbozwe nge-foil futhi zishiywe egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba noma kwenye indawo eyomile.

Izinkinga ezingaba khona

Abalimi beNovice bavame ukwenza amaphutha alimaza i-cherry futhi athinte ukukhula kwayo kanye nesivuno. Okubi kakhulu:

1. Umgodi wokufika awulungiselelwe kusengaphambili, ngakho-ke intamo yezimpande iya ngokujulile ngaphansi komhlaba, okuthinta ukukhula kwesihlahla.
2. Benza isilinganiso esikhulu somanyolo, esithinta kabi uhlelo lwezimpande.
3. Thenga isithombo esidala ukwedlula iminyaka emithathu, ngenxa yalokhu, i-cherry ihlala isikhathi eside endaweni entsha.
4. Isihlahla asitshalwa ngesikhathi, esiba imbangela evamile yokufa.
5. Thola isithombo ezandleni, kepha hhayi ezindaweni zokusiza lapho ikhwalithi iqinisekiswe khona.

Izifo, izilokazane

Ukuvikelwa kobusika

Ebusika, vikela lesi sihlahla emahlathini nasemakhazeni. Isiqu sisongelwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngentwasahlobo, ngaphezu kwalokho kusuka kumagundane, bagibela lesi sihlahla ngamagatsha akhula ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi.

Ebusika obunamakhaza, iqhwa limbiwe ngendlela yesikhathi esifanele ukuya emgodini wokushisa. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, konke ukuvikelwa kuyasuswa futhi inhlabathi iyakhululwa.