I-Araucaria isitshalo esihlala sikhona, i-gymnosperm, isitshalo se-coniferous, singomndeni wakwa-Araucaria. Izwe lasekhaya yi-Australia, iMelika, iNew Guinea.
Incazelo
I-Araucaria ingumuthi omude kahle, kunezinhlobo ezifika kumamitha ayi-100 ukuphakama. Isiqu saso siqonde ngamagxolo ashubile ashubile. Amaqabunga amaConiferous ayicaba futhi aqine kakhulu, i-spiral itholakala emagatsheni.
Umqhele uhlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: Isambulela esimise okwama-spherical. Izigaxa ezinkulu ziyabonakala emagatsheni.
Umuthi ungowokuhlobisa: Izigaxa zesilisa ziyaphakeme, kanti izigaxa zabesifazane ziyindilinga.
Izinhlobo zasendlini ze-Araucaria
I-Araucaria inezinhlobo eziningana zasendlini ezifanele ukulinyelwa ngempumelelo eflethini.
| Buka | Incazelo |
| I-Brazilie (ilensi elincane) | Isiqu sifinyelela ku-60 cm, amagatsha akhula aqonde. Izinaliti zisatshalaliswa ngomusa kumagatsha, zithambile. UCrohn muhle kakhulu. Uhlanza ngokuphelele umoya. Intengo icishe ibe ngama-ruble ayi-1500. |
| Ikholomu | Umuthi mude kakhulu, kuze kufike kumamitha angama-50. Amaqabunga we-hue oluhlaza okhanyayo, otholakala emagatsheni alengayo, aze afike ku-5 cm ubude. |
| I-Araucaria multifolia (Norfolk, Heterophyllus) | Umuthi mude kakhulu, kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-70. Pyramidal nomqhele omncane. Amagatsha amafushane kakhulu. |
| I-Araucaria Chilean | Ukuphakama kufinyelela ku-60 m, i-girth ingamamitha ayi-2. Amagatsha acindezelwe ngokuqinile komunye nomunye ngamahlamvu anzima kakhulu-izinaliti zombala oluhlaza omnyama. Iphiramidi kaCrohn. |
| I-Araucaria Bidville (Bunia) | Isimo esibanzi se-phiramidi namagatsha akhiwe ngokulingene. Izinaliti ziluhlaza ngombala omnyama, izigaxa zikhulu impela. Lesi sitshalo asisiye ezinhlotsheni ezinhle, kepha azithobeki kakhulu, ngakho-ke sikhula ngempumelelo eRussia. |
I-Araucaria ivame ukusetshenziswa ezingomeni ze-bonsai. Lesi sitshalo sakhiwa isikhathi eside, sincishiswe ngosayizi amashumi eminyaka, ngenxa yalokho, isihlahla esinokuphakama okungama-30 cm siyatholakala.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
I-Araucaria idabuka emazweni aseningizimu kanye nesimo sezulu esishisayo, esinomswakama kakhulu, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi izimo ezishisayo kuzodingeka zakhiwe egumbini. Lapho usuka ekhaya, udinga ukubheka ukuthi uyawathanda amakamelo abanzi nomoya omusha.
I-Araucaria ithanda isimo sezulu esifudumele, ukukhanya kufanele kuchithwe, nomoya upholile futhi umswakama. Izihlahla ze-spruce ezincane zitshalwa efulethini, azikwazi ukubekezelela ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ngokwemvelo zikhula emthunzini. Izinhlobo zasendlini zangaphakathi aziqhakaza, kwakhiwa izigaxa kuphela.
| Isizini / Ipharamitha | Ukukhanyisa / Indawo | Ukushisa | Umswakama |
| Ntwasahlobo | Beka endaweni ukukhanya okukhanyayo kepha okukhanyayo. Ngasohlangothini oluseningizimu kukhona umthunzi. | Kufanele kupholile kuzungeze + 20 ° C. | Phezulu, ngaphezu kwe-60%. Njalo fafaza noma uthele ubumba olwandisiwe ebhodweni bese ulufafaza njalo. |
| Ihlobo | Ilungele ukukhula kwi-loggia. Faka umthunzi osesilinganisweni noma indawo enokhanyayo. Uma kungenzeka, iya engadini. | Akabekezeleli ukushisa. I-Optimum - isuka ku- + 21 ° C iye ku- + 25 ° C. | Fafaza njalo. |
| Ukuwa | I-Penumbra noma ukukhanya okukhona. Ngasohlangothini olusenyakatho, jikelezisa isitshalo njalo emikhondweni ehlukene ukuze singakhuli sinye. | Okumaphakathi - + 20 ° C. | Gcina phezulu, njengoba umoya owomile ulimaza. Fafaza kabili ngosuku. |
| Ubusika | Ukukhanya okugqamile futhi okugqamile, noma umthunzi oyingxenye. | Vikela kokusalungiswa. Akuyona engaphansi kuka-+ 15 ° C. | Kudingeka okukhulu, ukufafaza njalo. Hlala kude nebhethri. Fafaza ekuseni nakusihlwa. |
| Isizini / Ipharamitha | Ukunisela | Ukugqoka okuphezulu |
| Ntwasahlobo | Njengoba inhlabathi yomile. Uma inhlabathi imanzi, mane usifafaza isitshalo ngamanzi. | Kanye njalo emavikini amathathu nezinhlanganisela ezikhethekile zeConifers. |
| Ihlobo | Awukwazi ukugcwalisa lesi sitshalo, kodwa kubalulekile ukugcina inhlabathi inomswakama, ungathela ubumba olwandisiwe ngaphezulu bese uluthambisa njalo. | Umanyolo wamaminerali kanye njalo emavikini ama-3. |
| Ukuwa | Njengoba inhlabathi yomile. | Akudingeki. |
| Ubusika | Ukunciphisa. |
Ukukhetha kwebhodwe, inhlabathi, ukufakelwa
Imbiza nakanjani idinga obukhulu futhi obunamakamelo, okungcono i-ceramic. Kufanele ibe nezimbobo zokukhipha. I-Drainage iyimpoqo ukuze uhlelo lwempande lungaboli.
Inhlabathi kumele ivunde futhi ixege, iqhube umoya nezakhi zomzimba. Ungathenga ingxube yomhlaba eyenziwe ngomumo noma uzenzele yona.
Ukugqama kwe-araucaria ukuthi ayikubekezeleli ukufakelwa. Izihlahla ezincane zikaKhisimusi zikhula kahle ebhodweni elilodwa kuze kube ziyiminyaka eyi-6, izitshalo ezindala zidinga ukushintshwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-4. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa kwentwasahlobo.
Inqubo-nyathelo-nenqubo:
- Thela amanzi kanye nenhlabathi ebhodweni.
- Gcoba isitshalo kanye nesitshalo sethambo sobumba ebhodweni olusha bese ufafaza nenhlabathi.
- Awukwazi ukuthinta noma ukuphazamisa izimpande, kungenjalo i-spruce izofa.
Ukuthena isitshalo nokwenza i-bonsai
Izinhlobo zasendlini azidingi izihlahla. Ezihlahleni zikhula ngesihlahla sonwele esidala, amagatsha aphansi angenalutho angasika. Ukuze ugweme izifo nezifo, lesi sitshalo kufanele siphathwe ngesibabule.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-bonsai kungokulandelayo:
- Ukwenza ukwakheka okuthokozisayo entwasahlobo, umqhele uyalungiswa ku-araucaria. Sika amagatsha athe xaxa angabambi ifomethi oyifunayo.
- NgoMeyi, i-tweezing noma i-pinching yamahlumela amasha esitshalo yenziwa ukunciphisa.
- Usebenzisa ucingo olulula, bumba isiqu kanye namagatsha. Ingashiywa izinyanga eziyi-3-4, bese isuswa.
Ukuzala
Ukuzala kabusha kwe-araucaria kwenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Imbewu. Izindlu zihlwanyelwa enhlabathini nge-peat kanye ne-humus. Umhlaba uyaniselwa futhi ubekwe endaweni efudumele. Amahlumela okuqala azovela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.
- Izimbumbulu. Ngokusikwa, amahlumela aphezulu esihlahleni afanelekile. Etshalwe entwasahlobo. Izisiki zomisiwe futhi ziphathwe nezimpande. Ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini nge-peat nesihlabathi, ukufudumeza inhlabathi. Ukuthena ngakunye kudinga umthamo waso, wonke ambozwe ngefilimu. Root cishe izinyanga ezimbili, khona-ke ungadlulisela ebhodweni elihlala njalo.
Amaphutha ekunakekelweni nasekuqothulweni kwawo
| Amaphutha | Izizathu | Ukuqothula |
| Amamatheke kancane. | Akunawo umsoco owanele. | Esikhathini sokukhula okusebenzayo, ondle ngomanyolo. |
| Amahlamvu ayawa, omile futhi aphuzi aphuzi. |
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| Amagatsha aqothuka. |
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| Umuthi awukhuli. | Umanyolo omningi kakhulu ne-calcium ongayondla. | Dlulisela isitshalo kumhlabathi omusha bese ukhetha umanyolo ohlukile. |
| Isitshalo sesifile. |
| Gwema lezi zinto. |
| Izinaliti zimnyama, amagatsha awomile. | Uhlelo lwezimpande lonakalisiwe. |
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Izifo, izilokazane nezindlela zokubhekana nazo
| Izinambuzane / Izifo | Izindlela zomzabalazo | Lwa | Ukuvimbela |
| Ama-aphid | Emagqumeni, ama-punctures aphuma ezilwaneni zezinambuzane ayabonakala, ngoba adla ujusi we-Araucaria. | Fafaza ngama-insecticides: Actellik, Intavir. | Ungabeka iPelargonium eduze kwayo, ukukhiqizwa kwayo okuguquguqukayo kuzesabisa izinambuzane, izimbotshana zezinyawo zingahlanzwa ngamanzi. |
| I-Mealybug | Imbali ibuna, amagatsha ayabuna. | Geza izinambuzane ngamanzi anensipho. | |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Lesi sitshalo siphenduka siphuzi futhi sithambekele, kuwebhu yesicabucabu kubonakala emaqabungeni. | Hlanza isitshalo esishini, usule amaqabunga ngensipho namanzi. | |
| I-Chlorosis | Amahlumela amancane alahlekelwa ukugcwaliseka kombala wamaqabunga, abantu abadala - baphenduke ophuzi. | Beka i-araucaria endaweni lapho kungekho okusalungiswa, wandise amazinga okushisa egumbini kanye namanzi ngokushesha lapho umhlabathi womile. Gcoba. | Gwema umoya nokubamba amanzi kwenhlabathi. |
Umhlali wasehlobo uyazisa: I-Araucaria - izuzisa noma ilimaze
Isitshalo sinamandla anamandla. Kungavusa ubuhlakani, kucasule abantu ukuthi basebenze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isenzo sihle futhi sibi. I-Araucaria ithuthukisa amandla endlini, noma ngabe iyini. Kunesibonakaliso sokuthi lesi sitshalo esisetshenziswayo endlini sisebenza ngezinto ezivikelayo, sinika ukuthula nokuzola kulabo abahlala kuso.
Impahla enenzuzo ye-spruce iwukuthi umswakama futhi uhlanze umoya. Abantu abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme akufanele bagcinwe ezindlini zabo. Futhi kulabo abanomfutho wegazi ophansi, kunalokho, kuyadingeka, kepha awukwazi ukukufaka egumbini lokuphumula.
